@@ -4363,7 +4363,7 @@ The simplest (insecure) usage is to provide the secret inline
The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file
- # echo -n "letmein" > mypasswd.txt
+ # printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt
# $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw
For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate usage,
@@ -4391,7 +4391,7 @@ telling openssl to base64 encode the result, but it could be left
as raw bytes if desired.
@example
- # SECRET=$(echo -n "letmein" |
+ # SECRET=$(printf "letmein" |
openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -K $KEY -iv $IV)
@end example
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ run_qemu() {
local kernel=$1
shift
- echo -e "\n\n=== Running test case: $kernel $@ ===\n" >> test.log
+ printf %b "\n\n=== Running test case: $kernel $@ ===\n\n" >> test.log
$QEMU \
-kernel $kernel \
@@ -68,21 +68,21 @@ for t in mmap modules; do
pass=1
if [ $debugexit != 1 ]; then
- echo -e "\e[31m ?? \e[0m $t (no debugexit used, exit code $ret)"
+ printf "\e[31m ?? \e[0m $t (no debugexit used, exit code $ret)\n"
pass=0
elif [ $ret != 0 ]; then
- echo -e "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (exit code $ret)"
+ printf "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (exit code $ret)\n"
pass=0
fi
if ! diff $t.out test.log > /dev/null 2>&1; then
- echo -e "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (output difference)"
+ printf "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (output difference)\n"
diff -u $t.out test.log
pass=0
fi
if [ $pass == 1 ]; then
- echo -e "\e[32mPASS\e[0m $t"
+ printf "\e[32mPASS\e[0m $t\n"
fi
done
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ run_qemu -drive driver=null-co,cache=invalid_value
# Test 142 checks the direct=on cases
for cache in writeback writethrough unsafe invalid_value; do
- echo -e "info block\ninfo block file\ninfo block backing\ninfo block backing-file" | \
+ printf "info block %s\n" '' file backing backing-file | \
run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_IMG",cache=$cache,backing.file.filename="$TEST_IMG.base",backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=$device_id -nodefaults
done
@@ -325,8 +325,9 @@ echo "qemu-io $device_id \"write -P 0x22 0 4k\"" | run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_I
$QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0x22 0 4k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
-echo -e "qemu-io $device_id \"write -P 0x33 0 4k\"\ncommit $device_id" | run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_IMG",snapshot=on,if=none,id=$device_id\
- | _filter_qemu_io
+printf "qemu-io $device_id \"write -P 0x33 0 4k\"\ncommit $device_id\n" |
+ run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_IMG",snapshot=on,if=none,id=$device_id |
+ _filter_qemu_io
$QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0x33 0 4k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ for extra_args in \
_make_test_img $IMG_SIZE
# Give qemu some time to boot before saving the VM state
- bash -c 'sleep 1; echo -e "savevm 0\nquit"' | _qemu $extra_args
+ { sleep 1; printf "savevm 0\nquit\n"; } | _qemu $extra_args
# Now try to continue from that VM state (this should just work)
echo quit | _qemu $extra_args -loadvm 0
done
@@ -94,36 +94,36 @@ function check_cache_all()
# cache.direct is supposed to be inherited by both bs->file and
# bs->backing
- echo -e "cache.direct=on on none0"
+ printf "cache.direct=on on none0\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on file"
+ printf "\ncache.direct=on on file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",file.cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing"
+ printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file"
+ printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.file.cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
# cache.writeback is supposed to be inherited by bs->backing; bs->file
# always gets cache.writeback=on
- echo -e "\n\ncache.writeback=off on none0"
+ printf "\n\ncache.writeback=off on none0\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",cache.writeback=off | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on file"
+ printf "\ncache.writeback=off on file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",file.cache.writeback=off | grep -e "doesn't" -e "does not"
- echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing"
+ printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.cache.writeback=off | grep -e "doesn't" -e "does not"
- echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file"
+ printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.file.cache.writeback=off | grep -e "doesn't" -e "does not"
# cache.no-flush is supposed to be inherited by both bs->file and bs->backing
- echo -e "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on none0"
+ printf "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on none0\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on file"
+ printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",file.cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing"
+ printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file"
+ printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.file.cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
}
@@ -236,35 +236,35 @@ function check_cache_all_separate()
{
# Check cache.direct
- echo -e "cache.direct=on on blk"
+ printf "cache.direct=on on blk\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img",cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on file"
+ printf "\ncache.direct=on on file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file",cache.direct=on -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing"
+ printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk",cache.direct=on -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file"
+ printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile",cache.direct=on -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
# Check cache.writeback
- echo -e "\n\ncache.writeback=off on blk"
+ printf "\n\ncache.writeback=off on blk\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img",cache.writeback=off | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on file"
+ printf "\ncache.writeback=off on file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file",cache.writeback=off -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing"
+ printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk",cache.writeback=off -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file"
+ printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile",cache.writeback=off -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
# Check cache.no-flush
- echo -e "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on blk"
+ printf "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on blk\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img",cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on file"
+ printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file",cache.no-flush=on -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing"
+ printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk",cache.no-flush=on -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
- echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file"
+ printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file\n"
echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile",cache.no-flush=on -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
}
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ _supported_os Linux
# Create JSON with options
img_json() {
- echo -n 'json:{"driver":"raw", '
- echo -n "\"offset\":\"$img_offset\", "
+ printf 'json:{"driver":"raw", '
+ printf "\"offset\":\"$img_offset\", "
if [ "$img_size" -ne -1 ] ; then
- echo -n "\"size\":\"$img_size\", "
+ printf "\"size\":\"$img_size\", "
fi
- echo -n '"file": {'
- echo -n '"driver":"file", '
- echo -n "\"filename\":\"$TEST_IMG\" "
- echo -n "} }"
+ printf '"file": {'
+ printf '"driver":"file", '
+ printf %s "\"filename\":\"$TEST_IMG\" "
+ printf "} }"
}
do_general_test() {
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ _wallclock()
_timestamp()
{
now=`date "+%T"`
- echo -n " [$now]"
+ printf " [$now]"
}
_wrapup()
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ seq="check"
for seq in $list
do
err=false
- echo -n "$seq"
+ printf %s "$seq"
if [ -n "$TESTS_REMAINING_LOG" ] ; then
sed -e "s/$seq//" -e 's/ / /' -e 's/^ *//' $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG > $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG.tmp
mv $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG.tmp $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ do
rm -f $seq.out.bad
lasttime=`sed -n -e "/^$seq /s/.* //p" <$TIMESTAMP_FILE`
if [ "X$lasttime" != X ]; then
- echo -n " ${lasttime}s ..."
+ printf %s " ${lasttime}s ..."
else
- echo -n " " # prettier output with timestamps.
+ printf " " # prettier output with timestamps.
fi
rm -f core $seq.notrun
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ do
echo "$seq" > "${TEST_DIR}"/check.sts
start=`_wallclock`
- $timestamp && echo -n " ["`date "+%T"`"]"
+ $timestamp && printf " [$(date "+%T")]"
if [ "$(head -n 1 "$source_iotests/$seq")" == "#!/usr/bin/env python" ]; then
run_command="$PYTHON $seq"
@@ -314,21 +314,21 @@ do
if [ -f core ]
then
- echo -n " [dumped core]"
+ printf " [dumped core]"
mv core $seq.core
err=true
fi
if [ -f $seq.notrun ]
then
- $timestamp || echo -n " [not run] "
- $timestamp && echo " [not run]" && echo -n " $seq -- "
+ $timestamp || printf " [not run] "
+ $timestamp && echo " [not run]" && printf " $seq -- "
cat $seq.notrun
notrun="$notrun $seq"
else
if [ $sts -ne 0 ]
then
- echo -n " [failed, exit status $sts]"
+ printf " [failed, exit status $sts]"
err=true
fi
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-echo -n "Running port test... "
+printf "Running port test... "
./port
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
-echo -n "Running bridge test... "
+printf "Running bridge test... "
./bridge
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
-echo -n "Running bridge STP test... "
+printf "Running bridge STP test... "
./bridge-stp
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
-echo -n "Running bridge VLAN test... "
+printf "Running bridge VLAN test... "
./bridge-vlan
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
-echo -n "Running bridge VLAN STP test... "
+printf "Running bridge VLAN STP test... "
./bridge-vlan-stp
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
@@ -150,17 +150,17 @@ check_addcv17.tst: crtv10.o sysv10.o
build: $(CRT) $(SYS) $(TESTCASES)
check: $(CRT) $(SYS) $(TESTCASES)
- @echo -e "\nQEMU simulator."
+ @printf "\nQEMU simulator.\n"
for case in $(TESTCASES); do \
- echo -n "$$case "; \
+ printf %s "$$case "; \
SIMARGS=; \
case $$case in *v17*) SIMARGS="-cpu crisv17";; esac; \
$(SIM) $$SIMARGS ./$$case; \
done
check-g: $(CRT) $(SYS) $(TESTCASES)
- @echo -e "\nGDB simulator."
+ @printf "\nGDB simulator.\n"
@for case in $(TESTCASES); do \
- echo -n "$$case "; \
+ printf %s "$$case "; \
$(SIMG) $$case; \
done
POSIX says that backslashes in the arguments to 'echo', as well as any use of 'echo -n' and 'echo -e', are non-portable; it recommends people should favor 'printf' instead. This is definitely true where we do not control which shell is running (such as in makefile snippets or in documentation examples). But even for scripts where we require bash (and therefore, where echo does what we want by default), it is still possible to use 'shopt -s xpg_echo' to change bash's behavior of echo. And setting a good example never hurts when we are not sure if a snippet will be copied from a bash-only script to a general shell script (although I don't change the use of non-portable \e for ESC when we know the running shell is bash). Replace 'echo -n "..."' with 'printf %s "..."', and 'echo -e "..."' with 'printf %b "...\n"', with the optimization that the %s/%b argument can be omitted if the string being printed contains no substitutions that could result in '%' (trivial if there are no $ or `, but also possible when using things like $ret that are known to be numeric given the assignment to ret just above). In the qemu-iotests check script, fix unusual shell quoting that would result in word-splitting if 'date' outputs a space. In test 051, take an opportunity to shorten the line. In test 068, get rid of a pointless second invocation of bash. CC: qemu-trivial@nongnu.org Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> --- v3: use 'printf %s' in a few more places that substitute [Max] v2: be robust to potential % in substitutions --- qemu-options.hx | 4 ++-- tests/multiboot/run_test.sh | 10 +++++----- tests/qemu-iotests/051 | 7 ++++--- tests/qemu-iotests/068 | 2 +- tests/qemu-iotests/142 | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- tests/qemu-iotests/171 | 14 ++++++------- tests/qemu-iotests/check | 18 ++++++++--------- tests/rocker/all | 10 +++++----- tests/tcg/cris/Makefile | 8 ++++---- 9 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)