diff mbox

[v15,1/5] lib/xbitmap: Introduce xbitmap

Message ID 1503914913-28893-2-git-send-email-wei.w.wang@intel.com (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show

Commit Message

Wang, Wei W Aug. 28, 2017, 10:08 a.m. UTC
From: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>

The eXtensible Bitmap is a sparse bitmap representation which is
efficient for set bits which tend to cluster.  It supports up to
'unsigned long' worth of bits, and this commit adds the bare bones --
xb_set_bit(), xb_clear_bit() and xb_test_bit().

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
---
 include/linux/radix-tree.h |   3 +
 include/linux/xbitmap.h    |  61 ++++++++++++++++
 lib/Makefile               |   2 +-
 lib/radix-tree.c           |  22 +++++-
 lib/xbitmap.c              | 176 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/xbitmap.h
 create mode 100644 lib/xbitmap.c

Comments

Matthew Wilcox Sept. 11, 2017, 12:54 p.m. UTC | #1
On Mon, Aug 28, 2017 at 06:08:29PM +0800, Wei Wang wrote:
> From: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
> 
> The eXtensible Bitmap is a sparse bitmap representation which is
> efficient for set bits which tend to cluster.  It supports up to
> 'unsigned long' worth of bits, and this commit adds the bare bones --
> xb_set_bit(), xb_clear_bit() and xb_test_bit().
> 
> Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com>
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>

This is quite naughty of you.  You've modified the xbitmap implementation
without any indication in the changelog that you did so.  I don't
think the modifications you made are an improvement, but without any
argumentation from you I don't know why you think they're an improvement.

> diff --git a/lib/radix-tree.c b/lib/radix-tree.c
> index 898e879..ee72e2c 100644
> --- a/lib/radix-tree.c
> +++ b/lib/radix-tree.c
> @@ -496,6 +496,7 @@ static int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned nr)
>  out:
>  	return ret;
>  }
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__radix_tree_preload);
>  
>  /*
>   * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to

You exported this to modules for some reason.  Why?

> @@ -2003,6 +2018,7 @@ static bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
>  	replace_slot(slot, NULL, node, -1, exceptional);
>  	return node && delete_node(root, node, NULL, NULL);
>  }
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__radix_tree_delete);
>  
>  /**
>   * radix_tree_iter_delete - delete the entry at this iterator position

Ditto?

> diff --git a/lib/xbitmap.c b/lib/xbitmap.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..8c55296
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/xbitmap.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/xbitmap.h>
> +
> +/*
> + * The xbitmap implementation supports up to ULONG_MAX bits, and it is
> + * implemented based on ida bitmaps. So, given an unsigned long index,
> + * the high order XB_INDEX_BITS bits of the index is used to find the
> + * corresponding item (i.e. ida bitmap) from the radix tree, and the low
> + * order (i.e. ilog2(IDA_BITMAP_BITS)) bits of the index are indexed into
> + * the ida bitmap to find the bit.
> + */
> +#define XB_INDEX_BITS		(BITS_PER_LONG - ilog2(IDA_BITMAP_BITS))
> +#define XB_MAX_PATH		(DIV_ROUND_UP(XB_INDEX_BITS, \
> +					      RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
> +#define XB_PRELOAD_SIZE		(XB_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)

I don't understand why you moved the xb_preload code here from the
radix tree.  I want all the code which touches the preload implementation
together in one place, which is the radix tree.

> +enum xb_ops {
> +	XB_SET,
> +	XB_CLEAR,
> +	XB_TEST
> +};
> +
> +static int xb_bit_ops(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit, enum xb_ops ops)
> +{
> +	int ret = 0;
> +	unsigned long index = bit / IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
> +	struct radix_tree_root *root = &xb->xbrt;
> +	struct radix_tree_node *node;
> +	void **slot;
> +	struct ida_bitmap *bitmap;
> +	unsigned long ebit, tmp;
> +
> +	bit %= IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
> +	ebit = bit + RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
> +
> +	switch (ops) {
> +	case XB_SET:
> +		ret = __radix_tree_create(root, index, 0, &node, &slot);
> +		if (ret)
> +			return ret;
> +		bitmap = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
> +		if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
> +			tmp = (unsigned long)bitmap;
> +			if (ebit < BITS_PER_LONG) {
> +				tmp |= 1UL << ebit;
> +				rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, (void *)tmp);
> +				return 0;
> +			}
> +			bitmap = this_cpu_xchg(ida_bitmap, NULL);
> +			if (!bitmap)
> +				return -EAGAIN;
> +			memset(bitmap, 0, sizeof(*bitmap));
> +			bitmap->bitmap[0] =
> +					tmp >> RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
> +			rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, bitmap);
> +		}
> +		if (!bitmap) {
> +			if (ebit < BITS_PER_LONG) {
> +				bitmap = (void *)((1UL << ebit) |
> +					RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY);
> +				__radix_tree_replace(root, node, slot, bitmap,
> +						     NULL, NULL);
> +				return 0;
> +			}
> +			bitmap = this_cpu_xchg(ida_bitmap, NULL);
> +			if (!bitmap)
> +				return -EAGAIN;
> +			memset(bitmap, 0, sizeof(*bitmap));
> +			__radix_tree_replace(root, node, slot, bitmap, NULL,
> +					     NULL);
> +		}
> +		__set_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
> +		break;
> +	case XB_CLEAR:
> +		bitmap = __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, &node, &slot);
> +		if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
> +			tmp = (unsigned long)bitmap;
> +			if (ebit >= BITS_PER_LONG)
> +				return 0;
> +			tmp &= ~(1UL << ebit);
> +			if (tmp == RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY)
> +				__radix_tree_delete(root, node, slot);
> +			else
> +				rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, (void *)tmp);
> +			return 0;
> +		}
> +		if (!bitmap)
> +			return 0;
> +		__clear_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
> +		if (bitmap_empty(bitmap->bitmap, IDA_BITMAP_BITS)) {
> +			kfree(bitmap);
> +			__radix_tree_delete(root, node, slot);
> +		}
> +		break;
> +	case XB_TEST:
> +		bitmap = radix_tree_lookup(root, index);
> +		if (!bitmap)
> +			return 0;
> +		if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
> +			if (ebit > BITS_PER_LONG)
> +				return 0;
> +			return (unsigned long)bitmap & (1UL << bit);
> +		}
> +		ret = test_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +	return ret;
> +}

This is what I have the biggest problem with.  You've spliced
three functions together into a single 86-line function.  All that
they share is the first 11 lines of setup!  Go back and read
Documentation/process/coding-style.rst section 6 again.


And you've just deleted the test suite.  Test suites are incredibly
important!  They keep us from regressing.
Wang, Wei W Sept. 12, 2017, 1:23 p.m. UTC | #2
On 09/11/2017 08:54 PM, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 28, 2017 at 06:08:29PM +0800, Wei Wang wrote:
>> From: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
>>
>> The eXtensible Bitmap is a sparse bitmap representation which is
>> efficient for set bits which tend to cluster.  It supports up to
>> 'unsigned long' worth of bits, and this commit adds the bare bones --
>> xb_set_bit(), xb_clear_bit() and xb_test_bit().
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Wei Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com>
>> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
>> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
> This is quite naughty of you.  You've modified the xbitmap implementation
> without any indication in the changelog that you did so.

This was changed in the previous version and included in that
v13->v14 ChangeLog: https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/8/16/923


> I don't
> think the modifications you made are an improvement, but without any
> argumentation from you I don't know why you think they're an improvement.

Probably it shouldn't be modified when the discussion is incomplete:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/8/10/36
Sorry about that. Hope we could get more feedback from you on the
changes later.

If you want, we can continue this part from the the v13 patch, which might
be closer to the implementation that you like: 
https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/8/3/60

>> diff --git a/lib/xbitmap.c b/lib/xbitmap.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000..8c55296
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/lib/xbitmap.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
>> +#include <linux/slab.h>
>> +#include <linux/xbitmap.h>
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * The xbitmap implementation supports up to ULONG_MAX bits, and it is
>> + * implemented based on ida bitmaps. So, given an unsigned long index,
>> + * the high order XB_INDEX_BITS bits of the index is used to find the
>> + * corresponding item (i.e. ida bitmap) from the radix tree, and the low
>> + * order (i.e. ilog2(IDA_BITMAP_BITS)) bits of the index are indexed into
>> + * the ida bitmap to find the bit.
>> + */
>> +#define XB_INDEX_BITS		(BITS_PER_LONG - ilog2(IDA_BITMAP_BITS))
>> +#define XB_MAX_PATH		(DIV_ROUND_UP(XB_INDEX_BITS, \
>> +					      RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
>> +#define XB_PRELOAD_SIZE		(XB_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
> I don't understand why you moved the xb_preload code here from the
> radix tree.  I want all the code which touches the preload implementation
> together in one place, which is the radix tree.

Based on the previous comments (put all the code to lib/xbitmap.c) and your
comment here, I will move xb_preload() and the above Macro to radix-tree.c,
while leaving the rest in xbitmap.c.

Would this be something you expected? Or would you like to move all back
to radix-tree.c like that in v13?


Best,
Wei
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/include/linux/radix-tree.h b/include/linux/radix-tree.h
index 3e57350..e1203b1 100644
--- a/include/linux/radix-tree.h
+++ b/include/linux/radix-tree.h
@@ -309,6 +309,8 @@  void radix_tree_iter_replace(struct radix_tree_root *,
 		const struct radix_tree_iter *, void __rcu **slot, void *entry);
 void radix_tree_replace_slot(struct radix_tree_root *,
 			     void __rcu **slot, void *entry);
+bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
+			 struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot);
 void __radix_tree_delete_node(struct radix_tree_root *,
 			      struct radix_tree_node *,
 			      radix_tree_update_node_t update_node,
@@ -325,6 +327,7 @@  unsigned int radix_tree_gang_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *,
 unsigned int radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot(const struct radix_tree_root *,
 			void __rcu ***results, unsigned long *indices,
 			unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items);
+int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int nr);
 int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask);
 int radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask);
 int radix_tree_maybe_preload_order(gfp_t gfp_mask, int order);
diff --git a/include/linux/xbitmap.h b/include/linux/xbitmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25b05ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/xbitmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ 
+/*
+ * eXtensible Bitmaps
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * eXtensible Bitmaps provide an unlimited-size sparse bitmap facility.
+ * All bits are initially zero.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __XBITMAP_H__
+#define __XBITMAP_H__
+
+#include <linux/idr.h>
+
+struct xb {
+	struct radix_tree_root xbrt;
+};
+
+#define XB_INIT {							\
+	.xbrt = RADIX_TREE_INIT(IDR_RT_MARKER | GFP_NOWAIT),		\
+}
+#define DEFINE_XB(name)		struct xb name = XB_INIT
+
+static inline void xb_init(struct xb *xb)
+{
+	INIT_RADIX_TREE(&xb->xbrt, IDR_RT_MARKER | GFP_NOWAIT);
+}
+
+int xb_set_bit(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit);
+bool xb_test_bit(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit);
+void xb_clear_bit(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit);
+
+/* Check if the xb tree is empty */
+static inline bool xb_is_empty(const struct xb *xb)
+{
+	return radix_tree_empty(&xb->xbrt);
+}
+
+void xb_preload(gfp_t gfp);
+
+/**
+ * xb_preload_end - end preload section started with xb_preload()
+ *
+ * Each xb_preload() should be matched with an invocation of this
+ * function. See xb_preload() for details.
+ */
+static inline void xb_preload_end(void)
+{
+	preempt_enable();
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
index 40c1837..ea50496 100644
--- a/lib/Makefile
+++ b/lib/Makefile
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@  KCOV_INSTRUMENT_dynamic_debug.o := n
 
 lib-y := ctype.o string.o vsprintf.o cmdline.o \
 	 rbtree.o radix-tree.o dump_stack.o timerqueue.o\
-	 idr.o int_sqrt.o extable.o \
+	 idr.o xbitmap.o int_sqrt.o extable.o \
 	 sha1.o chacha20.o irq_regs.o argv_split.o \
 	 flex_proportions.o ratelimit.o show_mem.o \
 	 is_single_threaded.o plist.o decompress.o kobject_uevent.o \
diff --git a/lib/radix-tree.c b/lib/radix-tree.c
index 898e879..ee72e2c 100644
--- a/lib/radix-tree.c
+++ b/lib/radix-tree.c
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@  radix_tree_node_free(struct radix_tree_node *node)
  * To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
  * __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
  */
-static int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned nr)
+int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
 	struct radix_tree_node *node;
@@ -496,6 +496,7 @@  static int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned nr)
 out:
 	return ret;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__radix_tree_preload);
 
 /*
  * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
@@ -840,6 +841,8 @@  int __radix_tree_create(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
 							offset, 0, 0);
 			if (!child)
 				return -ENOMEM;
+			if (is_idr(root))
+				all_tag_set(child, IDR_FREE);
 			rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, node_to_entry(child));
 			if (node)
 				node->count++;
@@ -1986,8 +1989,20 @@  void __radix_tree_delete_node(struct radix_tree_root *root,
 	delete_node(root, node, update_node, private);
 }
 
-static bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
-				struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot)
+/**
+ * __radix_tree_delete - delete a slot from a radix tree
+ * @root: radix tree root
+ * @node: node containing the slot
+ * @slot: pointer to the slot to delete
+ *
+ * Clear @slot from @node of the radix tree. This may cause the current node to
+ * be freed. This function may be called without any locking if there are no
+ * other threads which can access this tree.
+ *
+ * Return: the node or NULL if the node is freed.
+ */
+bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
+			 struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot)
 {
 	void *old = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
 	int exceptional = radix_tree_exceptional_entry(old) ? -1 : 0;
@@ -2003,6 +2018,7 @@  static bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
 	replace_slot(slot, NULL, node, -1, exceptional);
 	return node && delete_node(root, node, NULL, NULL);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__radix_tree_delete);
 
 /**
  * radix_tree_iter_delete - delete the entry at this iterator position
diff --git a/lib/xbitmap.c b/lib/xbitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c55296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/xbitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ 
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/xbitmap.h>
+
+/*
+ * The xbitmap implementation supports up to ULONG_MAX bits, and it is
+ * implemented based on ida bitmaps. So, given an unsigned long index,
+ * the high order XB_INDEX_BITS bits of the index is used to find the
+ * corresponding item (i.e. ida bitmap) from the radix tree, and the low
+ * order (i.e. ilog2(IDA_BITMAP_BITS)) bits of the index are indexed into
+ * the ida bitmap to find the bit.
+ */
+#define XB_INDEX_BITS		(BITS_PER_LONG - ilog2(IDA_BITMAP_BITS))
+#define XB_MAX_PATH		(DIV_ROUND_UP(XB_INDEX_BITS, \
+					      RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
+#define XB_PRELOAD_SIZE		(XB_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
+
+enum xb_ops {
+	XB_SET,
+	XB_CLEAR,
+	XB_TEST
+};
+
+static int xb_bit_ops(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit, enum xb_ops ops)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned long index = bit / IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
+	struct radix_tree_root *root = &xb->xbrt;
+	struct radix_tree_node *node;
+	void **slot;
+	struct ida_bitmap *bitmap;
+	unsigned long ebit, tmp;
+
+	bit %= IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
+	ebit = bit + RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
+
+	switch (ops) {
+	case XB_SET:
+		ret = __radix_tree_create(root, index, 0, &node, &slot);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		bitmap = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
+		if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
+			tmp = (unsigned long)bitmap;
+			if (ebit < BITS_PER_LONG) {
+				tmp |= 1UL << ebit;
+				rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, (void *)tmp);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			bitmap = this_cpu_xchg(ida_bitmap, NULL);
+			if (!bitmap)
+				return -EAGAIN;
+			memset(bitmap, 0, sizeof(*bitmap));
+			bitmap->bitmap[0] =
+					tmp >> RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
+			rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, bitmap);
+		}
+		if (!bitmap) {
+			if (ebit < BITS_PER_LONG) {
+				bitmap = (void *)((1UL << ebit) |
+					RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY);
+				__radix_tree_replace(root, node, slot, bitmap,
+						     NULL, NULL);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			bitmap = this_cpu_xchg(ida_bitmap, NULL);
+			if (!bitmap)
+				return -EAGAIN;
+			memset(bitmap, 0, sizeof(*bitmap));
+			__radix_tree_replace(root, node, slot, bitmap, NULL,
+					     NULL);
+		}
+		__set_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
+		break;
+	case XB_CLEAR:
+		bitmap = __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, &node, &slot);
+		if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
+			tmp = (unsigned long)bitmap;
+			if (ebit >= BITS_PER_LONG)
+				return 0;
+			tmp &= ~(1UL << ebit);
+			if (tmp == RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY)
+				__radix_tree_delete(root, node, slot);
+			else
+				rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, (void *)tmp);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (!bitmap)
+			return 0;
+		__clear_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
+		if (bitmap_empty(bitmap->bitmap, IDA_BITMAP_BITS)) {
+			kfree(bitmap);
+			__radix_tree_delete(root, node, slot);
+		}
+		break;
+	case XB_TEST:
+		bitmap = radix_tree_lookup(root, index);
+		if (!bitmap)
+			return 0;
+		if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
+			if (ebit > BITS_PER_LONG)
+				return 0;
+			return (unsigned long)bitmap & (1UL << bit);
+		}
+		ret = test_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  xb_set_bit - set a bit in the xbitmap
+ *  @xb: the xbitmap tree used to record the bit
+ *  @bit: index of the bit to set
+ *
+ * This function is used to set a bit in the xbitmap. If the bitmap that @bit
+ * resides in is not there, it will be allocated.
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 on success. %-EAGAIN indicates that @bit was not set. The caller
+ * may want to call the function again.
+ */
+int xb_set_bit(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit)
+{
+	return xb_bit_ops(xb, bit, XB_SET);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xb_set_bit);
+
+/**
+ * xb_clear_bit - clear a bit in the xbitmap
+ * @xb: the xbitmap tree used to record the bit
+ * @bit: index of the bit to set
+ *
+ * This function is used to clear a bit in the xbitmap. If all the bits of the
+ * bitmap are 0, the bitmap will be freed.
+ */
+void xb_clear_bit(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit)
+{
+	xb_bit_ops(xb, bit, XB_CLEAR);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xb_clear_bit);
+
+/**
+ * xb_test_bit - test a bit in the xbitmap
+ * @xb: the xbitmap tree used to record the bit
+ * @bit: index of the bit to set
+ *
+ * This function is used to test a bit in the xbitmap.
+ * Returns: 1 if the bit is set, or 0 otherwise.
+ */
+bool xb_test_bit(struct xb *xb, unsigned long bit)
+{
+	return (bool)xb_bit_ops(xb, bit, XB_TEST);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xb_test_bit);
+
+/**
+ *  xb_preload - preload for xb_set_bit()
+ *  @gfp_mask: allocation mask to use for preloading
+ *
+ * Preallocate memory to use for the next call to xb_set_bit(). This function
+ * returns with preemption disabled. It will be enabled by xb_preload_end().
+ */
+void xb_preload(gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	__radix_tree_preload(gfp, XB_PRELOAD_SIZE);
+	if (!this_cpu_read(ida_bitmap)) {
+		struct ida_bitmap *bitmap = kmalloc(sizeof(*bitmap), gfp);
+
+		if (!bitmap)
+			return;
+		bitmap = this_cpu_cmpxchg(ida_bitmap, NULL, bitmap);
+		kfree(bitmap);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xb_preload);