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[v2,2/2] io: prevent compiler reordering on the default readX() implementation

Message ID 691b903c-e97d-0a25-28c5-690318bb215a@codeaurora.org (mailing list archive)
State Not Applicable, archived
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Commit Message

Sinan Kaya April 4, 2018, 3:52 p.m. UTC
On 4/3/2018 6:29 PM, Palmer Dabbelt wrote:
> On Tue, 03 Apr 2018 05:56:18 PDT (-0700), Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>> On Tue, Apr 3, 2018 at 2:44 PM, Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org> wrote:
>>> On 4/3/2018 7:13 AM, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>>>> On Tue, Apr 3, 2018 at 12:49 PM, Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> wrote:
>>>>> Hi,
>>>>>
>>>>> On Fri, Mar 30, 2018 at 11:58:13AM -0400, Sinan Kaya wrote:
>>>>>> The default implementation of mapping readX() to __raw_readX() is wrong.
>>>>>> readX() has stronger ordering semantics. Compiler is allowed to reorder
>>>>>> __raw_readX().
>>>>>
>>>>> Could you please specify what the compiler is potentially reordering
>>>>> __raw_readX() against, and why this would be wrong?
>>>>>
>>>>> e.g. do we care about prior normal memory accesses, subsequent normal
>>>>> memory accesses, and/or other IO accesses?
>>>>>
>>>>> I assume that the asm-generic __raw_{read,write}X() implementations are
>>>>> all ordered w.r.t. each other (at least for a specific device).
>>>>
>>>> I think that is correct: the compiler won't reorder those because of the
>>>> 'volatile' pointer dereference, but it can reorder access to a normal
>>>> pointer against a __raw_readl()/__raw_writel(), which breaks the scenario
>>>> of using writel to trigger a DMA, or using a readl to see if a DMA has
>>>> completed.
>>>
>>> Yes, we are worried about memory update vs. IO update ordering here.
>>> That was the reason why barrier() was introduced in this patch. I'll try to
>>> clarify that better in the commit text.
>>>
>>>>
>>>> The question is whether we should use a stronger barrier such
>>>> as rmb() amd wmb() here rather than a simple compiler barrier.
>>>>
>>>> I would assume that on complex architectures with write buffers and
>>>> out-of-order prefetching, those are required, while on architectures
>>>> without those features, the barriers are cheap.
>>>
>>> That's my reasoning too. I'm trying to follow the x86 example here where there
>>> is a compiler barrier in writeX() and readX() family of functions.
>>
>> I think x86 is the special case here because it implicitly guarantees
>> the strict ordering in the hardware, as long as the compiler gets it
>> right. For the asm-generic version, it may be better to play safe and
>> do the safest version, requiring architectures to override that barrier
>> if they want to be faster.
>>
>> We could use the same macros that riscv has, using __io_br(),
>> __io_ar(), __io_bw() and __io_aw() for before/after read/write.
> 
> FWIW, when I wrote this I wasn't sure what the RISC-V memory model was going to be so I just picked something generic.  In other words, it's already a generic interface, just one that we're the only users of :).
> 

Are we looking for something like this?

Comments

Arnd Bergmann April 4, 2018, 3:55 p.m. UTC | #1
On Wed, Apr 4, 2018 at 5:52 PM, Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org> wrote:
> On 4/3/2018 6:29 PM, Palmer Dabbelt wrote:
>>
>
> Are we looking for something like this?

Yes, exactly, plus the same for write and in/out of course.

> diff --git a/inc
>  #ifndef readb
>  #define readb readb
> -static inline u8 readb(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
> -{
> -       return __raw_readb(addr);
> -}
> +#define readb(c)                               \
> +       ({ u8  __v;                             \
> +        __io_br();                             \
> +        __v = __raw_readb(c);                  \
> +        __io_ar();                             \
> +        __v; })
>  #endif

I would prefer leaving these as inline functions, but that's only
a cosmetic difference.

       Arnd
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Sinan Kaya April 4, 2018, 3:57 p.m. UTC | #2
On 4/4/2018 11:55 AM, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 4, 2018 at 5:52 PM, Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org> wrote:
>> On 4/3/2018 6:29 PM, Palmer Dabbelt wrote:
>>>
>>
>> Are we looking for something like this?
> 
> Yes, exactly, plus the same for write and in/out of course.
> 

OK. I just wanted to double check first.

>> diff --git a/inc
>>  #ifndef readb
>>  #define readb readb
>> -static inline u8 readb(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
>> -{
>> -       return __raw_readb(addr);
>> -}
>> +#define readb(c)                               \
>> +       ({ u8  __v;                             \
>> +        __io_br();                             \
>> +        __v = __raw_readb(c);                  \
>> +        __io_ar();                             \
>> +        __v; })
>>  #endif
> 
> I would prefer leaving these as inline functions, but that's only
> a cosmetic difference.

sure, I'll leave these as inline functions.

> 
>        Arnd
>
Sinan Kaya April 4, 2018, 5:48 p.m. UTC | #3
On 4/4/2018 11:55 AM, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> Yes, exactly, plus the same for write and in/out of course.

I was looking at this...

inb() and outb() seem to be calling writeb(). It gets the wmb/barrier automatically
when we fix writeb().

Did I miss something?
Arnd Bergmann April 4, 2018, 7:50 p.m. UTC | #4
On Wed, Apr 4, 2018 at 7:48 PM, Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org> wrote:
> On 4/4/2018 11:55 AM, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>> Yes, exactly, plus the same for write and in/out of course.
>
> I was looking at this...
>
> inb() and outb() seem to be calling writeb(). It gets the wmb/barrier automatically
> when we fix writeb().
>
> Did I miss something?

At least outb() needs stricter barriers than writeb() in theory, what
we want here
is that outb() has not just made it out to the device but that the
write has been
confirmed completed by the device. Some architectures can't do it, but those
that can should have an easy way to hook into that using a separate set of
barriers.

Using the riscv barrier names, we could do this like

#ifndef __io_bw()
#define __io_bw()      wmb()
#endif

#ifndef __io_aw
#define __io_aw()      barrier()
#endif

#ifndef __io_pbw
#define __io_pbw()     __io_bw()
#endif

#ifndef __io_paw
#define __io_paw()     __io_aw()
#endif

and the same thing for reads. This way, an architecture could override
any of those, but still get reasonable defaults for the others.
For __io_bw(), I picked barrier() instead of do {} while (0), no idea
if that's any better, I just play safe here.

     Arnd
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Sinan Kaya April 5, 2018, 12:06 a.m. UTC | #5
On 4/4/2018 3:50 PM, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 4, 2018 at 7:48 PM, Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org> wrote:
>> On 4/4/2018 11:55 AM, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>>> Yes, exactly, plus the same for write and in/out of course.
>>
>> I was looking at this...
>>
>> inb() and outb() seem to be calling writeb(). It gets the wmb/barrier automatically
>> when we fix writeb().
>>
>> Did I miss something?
> 
> At least outb() needs stricter barriers than writeb() in theory, what
> we want here
> is that outb() has not just made it out to the device but that the
> write has been
> confirmed completed by the device. Some architectures can't do it, but those
> that can should have an easy way to hook into that using a separate set of
> barriers.
> 
> Using the riscv barrier names, we could do this like
> 
> #ifndef __io_bw()
> #define __io_bw()      wmb()
> #endif
> 
> #ifndef __io_aw
> #define __io_aw()      barrier()
> #endif
> 
> #ifndef __io_pbw
> #define __io_pbw()     __io_bw()
> #endif
> 
> #ifndef __io_paw
> #define __io_paw()     __io_aw()
> #endif
> 
> and the same thing for reads. This way, an architecture could override
> any of those, but still get reasonable defaults for the others.
> For __io_bw(), I picked barrier() instead of do {} while (0), no idea
> if that's any better, I just play safe here.

I posted V3. I hope I captured what you mean above correctly.

> 
>      Arnd
>
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/include/asm-generic/io.h b/include/asm-generic/io.h
index e8c2078..693a82f 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/io.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/io.h
@@ -101,6 +101,16 @@  static inline void __raw_writeq(u64 value, volatile void __iomem *addr)
 #endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */
 
+#ifndef __io_br()
+#define __io_br()	do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef rmb
+#define __io_ar()	rmb();
+#else
+#define __io_ar()	barrier();
+#endif
+
 /*
  * {read,write}{b,w,l,q}() access little endian memory and return result in
  * native endianness.
@@ -108,35 +118,46 @@  static inline void __raw_writeq(u64 value, volatile void __iomem *addr)
 
 #ifndef readb
 #define readb readb
-static inline u8 readb(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
-{
-	return __raw_readb(addr);
-}
+#define readb(c)				\
+	({ u8  __v;				\
+	 __io_br();				\
+	 __v = __raw_readb(c);			\
+	 __io_ar();				\
+	 __v; })
 #endif
 
 #ifndef readw
 #define readw readw
-static inline u16 readw(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
-{
-	return __le16_to_cpu(__raw_readw(addr));
-}
+#define readw(c)				\
+    ({ u16 __v;					\
+						\
+     __io_br();					\
+      __v = __le16_to_cpu(__raw_readw(c));	\
+     __io_ar();					\
+     __v; })
 #endif
 
 #ifndef readl
 #define readl readl
-static inline u32 readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
-{
-	return __le32_to_cpu(__raw_readl(addr));
-}
+#define readl(c)				\
+    ({ u32 __v;					\
+						\
+     __io_br();					\
+      __v = __le32_to_cpu(__raw_readl(c));	\
+     __io_ar();					\
+     __v; })
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 #ifndef readq
 #define readq readq
-static inline u64 readq(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
-{
-	return __le64_to_cpu(__raw_readq(addr));
-}
+#define readq(c)				\
+    ({ u64 __v;					\
+						\
+     __io_br();					\
+      __v = __le64_to_cpu(__raw_readq(c));	\
+     __io_ar();					\
+     __v; })
 #endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */