diff mbox series

[1/3] treewide: Lift switch variables out of switches

Message ID 20190123110349.35882-2-keescook@chromium.org (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show
Series gcc-plugins: Introduce stackinit plugin | expand

Commit Message

Kees Cook Jan. 23, 2019, 11:03 a.m. UTC
Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
and not throw warnings like this:

fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
   siginfo_t si;
             ^~

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
---
 arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c                   |  7 ++++---
 drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c               |  2 +-
 drivers/char/ppdev.c                          | 20 ++++++++-----------
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c                    |  4 ++--
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c          |  2 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c               |  4 ++--
 drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c |  3 ++-
 drivers/tty/n_tty.c                           |  3 +--
 drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c              |  5 ++---
 fs/fcntl.c                                    |  3 ++-
 mm/shmem.c                                    |  5 +++--
 net/core/skbuff.c                             |  4 ++--
 net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c                            |  4 ++--
 net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c                         |  4 ++--
 net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c                |  7 +++----
 security/tomoyo/common.c                      |  3 ++-
 security/tomoyo/condition.c                   |  7 ++++---
 security/tomoyo/util.c                        |  4 ++--
 18 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

Comments

Greg KH Jan. 23, 2019, 11:58 a.m. UTC | #1
On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> and not throw warnings like this:
> 
> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
>    siginfo_t si;
>              ^~

That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
scope except for at the top of a function?

That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
this is valid C :(

greg k-h
Jann Horn Jan. 23, 2019, 12:09 p.m. UTC | #2
On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 1:04 PM Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> > Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> > cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> > After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> > and not throw warnings like this:
> >
> > fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> > fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
> >    siginfo_t si;
> >              ^~
>
> That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
> scope except for at the top of a function?

AFAICS this only applies to switch statements (because they jump to a
case and don't execute stuff at the start of the block), not blocks
after if/while/... .

> That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
> this is valid C :(
Ard Biesheuvel Jan. 23, 2019, 12:12 p.m. UTC | #3
On Wed, 23 Jan 2019 at 13:09, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 1:04 PM Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> > On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> > > Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> > > cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> > > After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> > > and not throw warnings like this:
> > >
> > > fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> > > fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
> > >    siginfo_t si;
> > >              ^~
> >
> > That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
> > scope except for at the top of a function?
>
> AFAICS this only applies to switch statements (because they jump to a
> case and don't execute stuff at the start of the block), not blocks
> after if/while/... .
>

I guess that means it may apply to other cases where you do a 'goto'
into the middle of a for() loop, for instance (at the first
iteration), which is also a valid pattern.

Is there any way to tag these assignments so the diagnostic disregards them?
William Kucharski Jan. 23, 2019, 1:21 p.m. UTC | #4
> On Jan 23, 2019, at 5:09 AM, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> wrote:
> 
> AFAICS this only applies to switch statements (because they jump to a
> case and don't execute stuff at the start of the block), not blocks
> after if/while/... .

It bothers me that we are going out of our way to deprecate valid C constructs
in favor of placing the declarations elsewhere.

As current compiler warnings would catch any reference before initialization
usage anyway, it seems like we are letting a compiler warning rather than the
language standard dictate syntax.

Certainly if we want to make it a best practice coding style issue we can, and
then an appropriate note explaining why should be added to
Documentation/process/coding-style.rst.
Jani Nikula Jan. 23, 2019, 2:17 p.m. UTC | #5
On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
>> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
>> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
>> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
>> and not throw warnings like this:
>> 
>> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
>> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
>>    siginfo_t si;
>>              ^~
>
> That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
> scope except for at the top of a function?
>
> That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
> this is valid C :(

Not all valid C is meant to be used! ;)

Anyway, I think you're mistaking the limitation to arbitrary blocks
while it's only about the switch block IIUC.

Can't have:

	switch (i) {
		int j;
	case 0:
        	/* ... */
	}

because it can't be turned into:

	switch (i) {
		int j = 0; /* not valid C */
	case 0:
        	/* ... */
	}

but can have e.g.:

	switch (i) {
	case 0:
		{
			int j = 0;
	        	/* ... */
		}
	}

I think Kees' approach of moving such variable declarations to the
enclosing block scope is better than adding another nesting block.

BR,
Jani.
Jani Nikula Jan. 23, 2019, 2:23 p.m. UTC | #6
On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
>> On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
>>> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
>>> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
>>> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
>>> and not throw warnings like this:
>>> 
>>> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
>>> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
>>>    siginfo_t si;
>>>              ^~
>>
>> That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
>> scope except for at the top of a function?
>>
>> That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
>> this is valid C :(
>
> Not all valid C is meant to be used! ;)
>
> Anyway, I think you're mistaking the limitation to arbitrary blocks
> while it's only about the switch block IIUC.
>
> Can't have:
>
> 	switch (i) {
> 		int j;
> 	case 0:
>         	/* ... */
> 	}
>
> because it can't be turned into:
>
> 	switch (i) {
> 		int j = 0; /* not valid C */
> 	case 0:
>         	/* ... */
> 	}
>
> but can have e.g.:
>
> 	switch (i) {
> 	case 0:
> 		{
> 			int j = 0;
> 	        	/* ... */
> 		}
> 	}
>
> I think Kees' approach of moving such variable declarations to the
> enclosing block scope is better than adding another nesting block.

PS. The patch is

Reviewed-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>

and the drivers/gpu/drm/i915/* parts are

Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>

for merging via whichever tree is appropriate. (There'll be minor
conflicts with in-flight work in our -next tree, but no biggie.)
Edwin Zimmerman Jan. 23, 2019, 2:47 p.m. UTC | #7
On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> > On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> >> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> >> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> >> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> >> and not throw warnings like this:
> >>
> >> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> >> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
> >>    siginfo_t si;
> >>              ^~
> >
> > That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
> > scope except for at the top of a function?
> >
> > That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
> > this is valid C :(
> 
> Not all valid C is meant to be used! ;)

Very true.  The other thing to keep in mind is the burden of enforcing a prohibition on a valid C construct like this.  
It seems to me that patch reviewers and maintainers have enough to do without forcing them to watch for variable
declarations in switch statements.  Automating this prohibition, should it be accepted, seems like a good idea to me.

-Edwin Zimmerman
Jani Nikula Jan. 23, 2019, 3:46 p.m. UTC | #8
On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Edwin Zimmerman <edwin@211mainstreet.net> wrote:
> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
>> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
>> > On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
>> >> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
>> >> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
>> >> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
>> >> and not throw warnings like this:
>> >>
>> >> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
>> >> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
>> >>    siginfo_t si;
>> >>              ^~
>> >
>> > That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
>> > scope except for at the top of a function?
>> >
>> > That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
>> > this is valid C :(
>> 
>> Not all valid C is meant to be used! ;)
>
> Very true.  The other thing to keep in mind is the burden of enforcing
> a prohibition on a valid C construct like this.  It seems to me that
> patch reviewers and maintainers have enough to do without forcing them
> to watch for variable declarations in switch statements.  Automating
> this prohibition, should it be accepted, seems like a good idea to me.

Considering that the treewide diffstat to fix this is:

 18 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

and using the gcc plugin in question will trigger the switch-unreachable
warning, I think we're good. There'll probably be the occasional
declarations that pass through, and will get fixed afterwards.

BR,
Jani.
Kirsher, Jeffrey T Jan. 23, 2019, 4:51 p.m. UTC | #9
On Wed, 2019-01-23 at 03:03 -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> and not throw warnings like this:
> 
> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-
> Wswitch-unreachable]
>    siginfo_t si;
>              ^~
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

Acked-by: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>

For the e1000 changes.

> ---
>  arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c                   |  7 ++++---
>  drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c               |  2 +-
>  drivers/char/ppdev.c                          | 20 ++++++++---------
> --
>  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c                    |  4 ++--
>  drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c          |  2 +-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c               |  4 ++--
>  drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c |  3 ++-
>  drivers/tty/n_tty.c                           |  3 +--
>  drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c              |  5 ++---
>  fs/fcntl.c                                    |  3 ++-
>  mm/shmem.c                                    |  5 +++--
>  net/core/skbuff.c                             |  4 ++--
>  net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c                            |  4 ++--
>  net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c                         |  4 ++--
>  net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c                |  7 +++----
>  security/tomoyo/common.c                      |  3 ++-
>  security/tomoyo/condition.c                   |  7 ++++---
>  security/tomoyo/util.c                        |  4 ++--
>  18 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
Kees Cook Jan. 23, 2019, 6:55 p.m. UTC | #10
On Thu, Jan 24, 2019 at 4:44 AM Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Edwin Zimmerman <edwin@211mainstreet.net> wrote:
> > On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> >> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> >> > On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> >> >> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> >> >> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> >> >> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> >> >> and not throw warnings like this:
> >> >>
> >> >> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> >> >> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
> >> >>    siginfo_t si;
> >> >>              ^~
> >> >
> >> > That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
> >> > scope except for at the top of a function?

Just in case this wasn't clear: no, it's just the switch statement
before the first "case". I cannot imagine how bad it would be if we
couldn't have block-scoped variables! Heh. :)

> >> >
> >> > That's going to be a hard thing to keep from happening over time, as
> >> > this is valid C :(
> >>
> >> Not all valid C is meant to be used! ;)
> >
> > Very true.  The other thing to keep in mind is the burden of enforcing
> > a prohibition on a valid C construct like this.  It seems to me that
> > patch reviewers and maintainers have enough to do without forcing them
> > to watch for variable declarations in switch statements.  Automating
> > this prohibition, should it be accepted, seems like a good idea to me.
>
> Considering that the treewide diffstat to fix this is:
>
>  18 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
>
> and using the gcc plugin in question will trigger the switch-unreachable
> warning, I think we're good. There'll probably be the occasional
> declarations that pass through, and will get fixed afterwards.

Yeah, that was my thinking as well: it's a rare use, and we get a
warning when it comes up.

Thanks!
Matthew Wilcox Jan. 23, 2019, 7:18 p.m. UTC | #11
On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 04:17:30PM +0200, Jani Nikula wrote:
> Can't have:
> 
> 	switch (i) {
> 		int j;
> 	case 0:
>         	/* ... */
> 	}
> 
> because it can't be turned into:
> 
> 	switch (i) {
> 		int j = 0; /* not valid C */
> 	case 0:
>         	/* ... */
> 	}
> 
> but can have e.g.:
> 
> 	switch (i) {
> 	case 0:
> 		{
> 			int j = 0;
> 	        	/* ... */
> 		}
> 	}
> 
> I think Kees' approach of moving such variable declarations to the
> enclosing block scope is better than adding another nesting block.

Another nesting level would be bad, but I think this is OK:

	switch (i) {
	case 0: {
		int j = 0;
        	/* ... */
	}
	case 1: {
		void *p = q;
		/* ... */
	}
	}

I can imagine Kees' patch might have a bad effect on stack consumption,
unless GCC can be relied on to be smart enough to notice the
non-overlapping liveness of the vriables and use the same stack slots
for both.
Kees Cook Jan. 23, 2019, 8:36 p.m. UTC | #12
On Thu, Jan 24, 2019 at 8:18 AM Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 04:17:30PM +0200, Jani Nikula wrote:
> > Can't have:
> >
> >       switch (i) {
> >               int j;
> >       case 0:
> >               /* ... */
> >       }
> >
> > because it can't be turned into:
> >
> >       switch (i) {
> >               int j = 0; /* not valid C */
> >       case 0:
> >               /* ... */
> >       }
> >
> > but can have e.g.:
> >
> >       switch (i) {
> >       case 0:
> >               {
> >                       int j = 0;
> >                       /* ... */
> >               }
> >       }
> >
> > I think Kees' approach of moving such variable declarations to the
> > enclosing block scope is better than adding another nesting block.
>
> Another nesting level would be bad, but I think this is OK:
>
>         switch (i) {
>         case 0: {
>                 int j = 0;
>                 /* ... */
>         }
>         case 1: {
>                 void *p = q;
>                 /* ... */
>         }
>         }
>
> I can imagine Kees' patch might have a bad effect on stack consumption,
> unless GCC can be relied on to be smart enough to notice the
> non-overlapping liveness of the vriables and use the same stack slots
> for both.

GCC is reasonable at this. The main issue, though, was most of these
places were using the variables in multiple case statements, so they
couldn't be limited to a single block (or they'd need to be manually
repeated in each block, which is even more ugly, IMO).

Whatever the consensus, I'm happy to tweak the patch.

Thanks!
Greg KH Jan. 24, 2019, 8:10 a.m. UTC | #13
On Thu, Jan 24, 2019 at 07:55:51AM +1300, Kees Cook wrote:
> On Thu, Jan 24, 2019 at 4:44 AM Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Edwin Zimmerman <edwin@211mainstreet.net> wrote:
> > > On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> > >> On Wed, 23 Jan 2019, Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> > >> > On Wed, Jan 23, 2019 at 03:03:47AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> > >> >> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> > >> >> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> > >> >> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> > >> >> and not throw warnings like this:
> > >> >>
> > >> >> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> > >> >> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
> > >> >>    siginfo_t si;
> > >> >>              ^~
> > >> >
> > >> > That's a pain, so this means we can't have any new variables in { }
> > >> > scope except for at the top of a function?
> 
> Just in case this wasn't clear: no, it's just the switch statement
> before the first "case". I cannot imagine how bad it would be if we
> couldn't have block-scoped variables! Heh. :)

Sorry, it was not clear at first glance.  So no more objection from me
for this change.

greg k-h
Edwin Zimmerman Jan. 24, 2019, 12:58 p.m. UTC | #14
On Wednesday, January 23, 2019 6:04 AM, Kees Cook wrote
> 
> Variables declared in a switch statement before any case statements
> cannot be initialized, so move all instances out of the switches.
> After this, future always-initialized stack variables will work
> and not throw warnings like this:
> 
> fs/fcntl.c: In function ‘send_sigio_to_task’:
> fs/fcntl.c:738:13: warning: statement will never be executed [-Wswitch-unreachable]
>    siginfo_t si;
>              ^~
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

Reviewed by: Edwin Zimmerman <edwin@211mainstreet.net>

> ---
>  arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c                   |  7 ++++---
>  drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c               |  2 +-
>  drivers/char/ppdev.c                          | 20 ++++++++-----------
>  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c                    |  4 ++--
>  drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c          |  2 +-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c               |  4 ++--
>  drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c |  3 ++-
>  drivers/tty/n_tty.c                           |  3 +--
>  drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c              |  5 ++---
>  fs/fcntl.c                                    |  3 ++-
>  mm/shmem.c                                    |  5 +++--
>  net/core/skbuff.c                             |  4 ++--
>  net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c                            |  4 ++--
>  net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c                         |  4 ++--
>  net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c                |  7 +++----
>  security/tomoyo/common.c                      |  3 ++-
>  security/tomoyo/condition.c                   |  7 ++++---
>  security/tomoyo/util.c                        |  4 ++--
>  18 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
> index c54a493e139a..a79d4b548a08 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
> @@ -907,14 +907,15 @@ static u64 xen_read_msr_safe(unsigned int msr, int *err)
>  static int xen_write_msr_safe(unsigned int msr, unsigned low, unsigned high)
>  {
>  	int ret;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> +	unsigned which;
> +	u64 base;
> +#endif
> 
>  	ret = 0;
> 
>  	switch (msr) {
>  #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> -		unsigned which;
> -		u64 base;
> -
>  	case MSR_FS_BASE:		which = SEGBASE_FS; goto set;
>  	case MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE:	which = SEGBASE_GS_USER; goto set;
>  	case MSR_GS_BASE:		which = SEGBASE_GS_KERNEL; goto set;
> diff --git a/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c b/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c
> index 7a4eb86aedac..7211dc0e6f4f 100644
> --- a/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c
> +++ b/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c
> @@ -663,6 +663,7 @@ static void monitor_card(struct timer_list *t)
>  {
>  	struct cm4000_dev *dev = from_timer(dev, t, timer);
>  	unsigned int iobase = dev->p_dev->resource[0]->start;
> +	unsigned char flags0;
>  	unsigned short s;
>  	struct ptsreq ptsreq;
>  	int i, atrc;
> @@ -731,7 +732,6 @@ static void monitor_card(struct timer_list *t)
>  	}
> 
>  	switch (dev->mstate) {
> -		unsigned char flags0;
>  	case M_CARDOFF:
>  		DEBUGP(4, dev, "M_CARDOFF\n");
>  		flags0 = inb(REG_FLAGS0(iobase));
> diff --git a/drivers/char/ppdev.c b/drivers/char/ppdev.c
> index 1ae77b41050a..d77c97e4f996 100644
> --- a/drivers/char/ppdev.c
> +++ b/drivers/char/ppdev.c
> @@ -359,14 +359,19 @@ static int pp_do_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
>  	struct pp_struct *pp = file->private_data;
>  	struct parport *port;
>  	void __user *argp = (void __user *)arg;
> +	struct ieee1284_info *info;
> +	unsigned char reg;
> +	unsigned char mask;
> +	int mode;
> +	s32 time32[2];
> +	s64 time64[2];
> +	struct timespec64 ts;
> +	int ret;
> 
>  	/* First handle the cases that don't take arguments. */
>  	switch (cmd) {
>  	case PPCLAIM:
>  	    {
> -		struct ieee1284_info *info;
> -		int ret;
> -
>  		if (pp->flags & PP_CLAIMED) {
>  			dev_dbg(&pp->pdev->dev, "you've already got it!\n");
>  			return -EINVAL;
> @@ -517,15 +522,6 @@ static int pp_do_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
> 
>  	port = pp->pdev->port;
>  	switch (cmd) {
> -		struct ieee1284_info *info;
> -		unsigned char reg;
> -		unsigned char mask;
> -		int mode;
> -		s32 time32[2];
> -		s64 time64[2];
> -		struct timespec64 ts;
> -		int ret;
> -
>  	case PPRSTATUS:
>  		reg = parport_read_status(port);
>  		if (copy_to_user(argp, &reg, sizeof(reg)))
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c
> index b506e3622b08..8f93956c1628 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c
> @@ -3942,12 +3942,12 @@ static void drm_edid_to_eld(struct drm_connector *connector, struct edid *edid)
>  		}
> 
>  		for_each_cea_db(cea, i, start, end) {
> +			int sad_count;
> +
>  			db = &cea[i];
>  			dbl = cea_db_payload_len(db);
> 
>  			switch (cea_db_tag(db)) {
> -				int sad_count;
> -
>  			case AUDIO_BLOCK:
>  				/* Audio Data Block, contains SADs */
>  				sad_count = min(dbl / 3, 15 - total_sad_count);
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
> index 3da9c0f9e948..aa1c2ebea456 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
> @@ -11341,6 +11341,7 @@ static bool check_digital_port_conflicts(struct drm_atomic_state *state)
>  	drm_for_each_connector_iter(connector, &conn_iter) {
>  		struct drm_connector_state *connector_state;
>  		struct intel_encoder *encoder;
> +		unsigned int port_mask;
> 
>  		connector_state = drm_atomic_get_new_connector_state(state, connector);
>  		if (!connector_state)
> @@ -11354,7 +11355,6 @@ static bool check_digital_port_conflicts(struct drm_atomic_state *state)
>  		WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc);
> 
>  		switch (encoder->type) {
> -			unsigned int port_mask;
>  		case INTEL_OUTPUT_DDI:
>  			if (WARN_ON(!HAS_DDI(to_i915(dev))))
>  				break;
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
> index a26b4eddda25..c135fdec96b3 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
> @@ -478,9 +478,9 @@ static void vlv_get_fifo_size(struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state)
>  	struct vlv_fifo_state *fifo_state = &crtc_state->wm.vlv.fifo_state;
>  	enum pipe pipe = crtc->pipe;
>  	int sprite0_start, sprite1_start;
> +	uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
> 
>  	switch (pipe) {
> -		uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
>  	case PIPE_A:
>  		dsparb = I915_READ(DSPARB);
>  		dsparb2 = I915_READ(DSPARB2);
> @@ -1944,6 +1944,7 @@ static void vlv_atomic_update_fifo(struct intel_atomic_state *state,
>  	const struct vlv_fifo_state *fifo_state =
>  		&crtc_state->wm.vlv.fifo_state;
>  	int sprite0_start, sprite1_start, fifo_size;
> +	uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
> 
>  	if (!crtc_state->fifo_changed)
>  		return;
> @@ -1969,7 +1970,6 @@ static void vlv_atomic_update_fifo(struct intel_atomic_state *state,
>  	spin_lock(&dev_priv->uncore.lock);
> 
>  	switch (crtc->pipe) {
> -		uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
>  	case PIPE_A:
>  		dsparb = I915_READ_FW(DSPARB);
>  		dsparb2 = I915_READ_FW(DSPARB2);
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c
> index 8fe9af0e2ab7..041062736845 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c
> @@ -3140,8 +3140,9 @@ static netdev_tx_t e1000_xmit_frame(struct sk_buff *skb,
> 
>  		hdr_len = skb_transport_offset(skb) + tcp_hdrlen(skb);
>  		if (skb->data_len && hdr_len == len) {
> +			unsigned int pull_size;
> +
>  			switch (hw->mac_type) {
> -				unsigned int pull_size;
>  			case e1000_82544:
>  				/* Make sure we have room to chop off 4 bytes,
>  				 * and that the end alignment will work out to
> diff --git a/drivers/tty/n_tty.c b/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
> index 5dc9686697cf..eafb39157281 100644
> --- a/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
> +++ b/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
> @@ -634,6 +634,7 @@ static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
>  	while (MASK(ldata->echo_commit) != MASK(tail)) {
>  		c = echo_buf(ldata, tail);
>  		if (c == ECHO_OP_START) {
> +			unsigned int num_chars, num_bs;
>  			unsigned char op;
>  			int no_space_left = 0;
> 
> @@ -652,8 +653,6 @@ static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
>  			op = echo_buf(ldata, tail + 1);
> 
>  			switch (op) {
> -				unsigned int num_chars, num_bs;
> -
>  			case ECHO_OP_ERASE_TAB:
>  				if (MASK(ldata->echo_commit) == MASK(tail + 2))
>  					goto not_yet_stored;
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c b/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c
> index e7dae5379e04..2b275a574e94 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c
> @@ -2854,16 +2854,15 @@ static void ep_clear_seqnum(struct net2280_ep *ep)
>  static void handle_stat0_irqs_superspeed(struct net2280 *dev,
>  		struct net2280_ep *ep, struct usb_ctrlrequest r)
>  {
> +	struct net2280_ep *e;
>  	int tmp = 0;
> +	u16 status;
> 
>  #define	w_value		le16_to_cpu(r.wValue)
>  #define	w_index		le16_to_cpu(r.wIndex)
>  #define	w_length	le16_to_cpu(r.wLength)
> 
>  	switch (r.bRequest) {
> -		struct net2280_ep *e;
> -		u16 status;
> -
>  	case USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION:
>  		dev->addressed_state = !w_value;
>  		goto usb3_delegate;
> diff --git a/fs/fcntl.c b/fs/fcntl.c
> index 083185174c6d..0640b64ecdc2 100644
> --- a/fs/fcntl.c
> +++ b/fs/fcntl.c
> @@ -725,6 +725,8 @@ static void send_sigio_to_task(struct task_struct *p,
>  			       struct fown_struct *fown,
>  			       int fd, int reason, enum pid_type type)
>  {
> +	kernel_siginfo_t si;
> +
>  	/*
>  	 * F_SETSIG can change ->signum lockless in parallel, make
>  	 * sure we read it once and use the same value throughout.
> @@ -735,7 +737,6 @@ static void send_sigio_to_task(struct task_struct *p,
>  		return;
> 
>  	switch (signum) {
> -		kernel_siginfo_t si;
>  		default:
>  			/* Queue a rt signal with the appropriate fd as its
>  			   value.  We use SI_SIGIO as the source, not
> diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
> index 6ece1e2fe76e..0b02624dd8b2 100644
> --- a/mm/shmem.c
> +++ b/mm/shmem.c
> @@ -1721,6 +1721,9 @@ static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
>  		swap_free(swap);
> 
>  	} else {
> +		loff_t i_size;
> +		pgoff_t off;
> +
>  		if (vma && userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
>  			*fault_type = handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
>  			return 0;
> @@ -1734,8 +1737,6 @@ static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
>  		if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE)
>  			goto alloc_huge;
>  		switch (sbinfo->huge) {
> -			loff_t i_size;
> -			pgoff_t off;
>  		case SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER:
>  			goto alloc_nohuge;
>  		case SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE:
> diff --git a/net/core/skbuff.c b/net/core/skbuff.c
> index 26d848484912..7597b3fc9d21 100644
> --- a/net/core/skbuff.c
> +++ b/net/core/skbuff.c
> @@ -4506,9 +4506,9 @@ static __sum16 *skb_checksum_setup_ip(struct sk_buff *skb,
>  				      typeof(IPPROTO_IP) proto,
>  				      unsigned int off)
>  {
> -	switch (proto) {
> -		int err;
> +	int err;
> 
> +	switch (proto) {
>  	case IPPROTO_TCP:
>  		err = skb_maybe_pull_tail(skb, off + sizeof(struct tcphdr),
>  					  off + MAX_TCP_HDR_LEN);
> diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c
> index b1be67ca6768..9aee1add46c0 100644
> --- a/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c
> +++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c
> @@ -427,9 +427,11 @@ static int ip6gre_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
>  		       u8 type, u8 code, int offset, __be32 info)
>  {
>  	struct net *net = dev_net(skb->dev);
> +	struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
>  	const struct ipv6hdr *ipv6h;
>  	struct tnl_ptk_info tpi;
>  	struct ip6_tnl *t;
> +	__u32 teli;
> 
>  	if (gre_parse_header(skb, &tpi, NULL, htons(ETH_P_IPV6),
>  			     offset) < 0)
> @@ -442,8 +444,6 @@ static int ip6gre_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
>  		return -ENOENT;
> 
>  	switch (type) {
> -		struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
> -		__u32 teli;
>  	case ICMPV6_DEST_UNREACH:
>  		net_dbg_ratelimited("%s: Path to destination invalid or inactive!\n",
>  				    t->parms.name);
> diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c
> index 0c6403cf8b52..94ccc7a9037b 100644
> --- a/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c
> +++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c
> @@ -478,10 +478,12 @@ ip6_tnl_err(struct sk_buff *skb, __u8 ipproto, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
>  	struct net *net = dev_net(skb->dev);
>  	u8 rel_type = ICMPV6_DEST_UNREACH;
>  	u8 rel_code = ICMPV6_ADDR_UNREACH;
> +	struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
>  	__u32 rel_info = 0;
>  	struct ip6_tnl *t;
>  	int err = -ENOENT;
>  	int rel_msg = 0;
> +	__u32 mtu, teli;
>  	u8 tproto;
>  	__u16 len;
> 
> @@ -501,8 +503,6 @@ ip6_tnl_err(struct sk_buff *skb, __u8 ipproto, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
>  	err = 0;
> 
>  	switch (*type) {
> -		struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
> -		__u32 mtu, teli;
>  	case ICMPV6_DEST_UNREACH:
>  		net_dbg_ratelimited("%s: Path to destination invalid or inactive!\n",
>  				    t->parms.name);
> diff --git a/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c b/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
> index 691da853bef5..dee2f9516ae8 100644
> --- a/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
> +++ b/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
> @@ -2652,8 +2652,11 @@ static int validate_set(const struct nlattr *a,
>  			u8 mac_proto, __be16 eth_type, bool masked, bool log)
>  {
>  	const struct nlattr *ovs_key = nla_data(a);
> +	const struct ovs_key_ipv4 *ipv4_key;
> +	const struct ovs_key_ipv6 *ipv6_key;
>  	int key_type = nla_type(ovs_key);
>  	size_t key_len;
> +	int err;
> 
>  	/* There can be only one key in a action */
>  	if (nla_total_size(nla_len(ovs_key)) != nla_len(a))
> @@ -2671,10 +2674,6 @@ static int validate_set(const struct nlattr *a,
>  		return -EINVAL;
> 
>  	switch (key_type) {
> -	const struct ovs_key_ipv4 *ipv4_key;
> -	const struct ovs_key_ipv6 *ipv6_key;
> -	int err;
> -
>  	case OVS_KEY_ATTR_PRIORITY:
>  	case OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK:
>  	case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_MARK:
> diff --git a/security/tomoyo/common.c b/security/tomoyo/common.c
> index c598aa00d5e3..bedbd0518153 100644
> --- a/security/tomoyo/common.c
> +++ b/security/tomoyo/common.c
> @@ -1583,8 +1583,9 @@ static void tomoyo_read_domain(struct tomoyo_io_buffer *head)
>  	list_for_each_cookie(head->r.domain, &tomoyo_domain_list) {
>  		struct tomoyo_domain_info *domain =
>  			list_entry(head->r.domain, typeof(*domain), list);
> +		u8 i;
> +
>  		switch (head->r.step) {
> -			u8 i;
>  		case 0:
>  			if (domain->is_deleted &&
>  			    !head->r.print_this_domain_only)
> diff --git a/security/tomoyo/condition.c b/security/tomoyo/condition.c
> index 8d0e1b9c9c57..c10d903febe5 100644
> --- a/security/tomoyo/condition.c
> +++ b/security/tomoyo/condition.c
> @@ -787,10 +787,11 @@ bool tomoyo_condition(struct tomoyo_request_info *r,
>  		/* Check string expressions. */
>  		if (right == TOMOYO_NAME_UNION) {
>  			const struct tomoyo_name_union *ptr = names_p++;
> +			struct tomoyo_path_info *symlink;
> +			struct tomoyo_execve *ee;
> +			struct file *file;
> +
>  			switch (left) {
> -				struct tomoyo_path_info *symlink;
> -				struct tomoyo_execve *ee;
> -				struct file *file;
>  			case TOMOYO_SYMLINK_TARGET:
>  				symlink = obj ? obj->symlink_target : NULL;
>  				if (!symlink ||
> diff --git a/security/tomoyo/util.c b/security/tomoyo/util.c
> index badffc8271c8..8e2bb36df37b 100644
> --- a/security/tomoyo/util.c
> +++ b/security/tomoyo/util.c
> @@ -668,6 +668,8 @@ static bool tomoyo_file_matches_pattern2(const char *filename,
>  {
>  	while (filename < filename_end && pattern < pattern_end) {
>  		char c;
> +		int i, j;
> +
>  		if (*pattern != '\\') {
>  			if (*filename++ != *pattern++)
>  				return false;
> @@ -676,8 +678,6 @@ static bool tomoyo_file_matches_pattern2(const char *filename,
>  		c = *filename;
>  		pattern++;
>  		switch (*pattern) {
> -			int i;
> -			int j;
>  		case '?':
>  			if (c == '/') {
>  				return false;
> --
> 2.17.1
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
index c54a493e139a..a79d4b548a08 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
@@ -907,14 +907,15 @@  static u64 xen_read_msr_safe(unsigned int msr, int *err)
 static int xen_write_msr_safe(unsigned int msr, unsigned low, unsigned high)
 {
 	int ret;
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+	unsigned which;
+	u64 base;
+#endif
 
 	ret = 0;
 
 	switch (msr) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
-		unsigned which;
-		u64 base;
-
 	case MSR_FS_BASE:		which = SEGBASE_FS; goto set;
 	case MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE:	which = SEGBASE_GS_USER; goto set;
 	case MSR_GS_BASE:		which = SEGBASE_GS_KERNEL; goto set;
diff --git a/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c b/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c
index 7a4eb86aedac..7211dc0e6f4f 100644
--- a/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c
+++ b/drivers/char/pcmcia/cm4000_cs.c
@@ -663,6 +663,7 @@  static void monitor_card(struct timer_list *t)
 {
 	struct cm4000_dev *dev = from_timer(dev, t, timer);
 	unsigned int iobase = dev->p_dev->resource[0]->start;
+	unsigned char flags0;
 	unsigned short s;
 	struct ptsreq ptsreq;
 	int i, atrc;
@@ -731,7 +732,6 @@  static void monitor_card(struct timer_list *t)
 	}
 
 	switch (dev->mstate) {
-		unsigned char flags0;
 	case M_CARDOFF:
 		DEBUGP(4, dev, "M_CARDOFF\n");
 		flags0 = inb(REG_FLAGS0(iobase));
diff --git a/drivers/char/ppdev.c b/drivers/char/ppdev.c
index 1ae77b41050a..d77c97e4f996 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ppdev.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ppdev.c
@@ -359,14 +359,19 @@  static int pp_do_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 	struct pp_struct *pp = file->private_data;
 	struct parport *port;
 	void __user *argp = (void __user *)arg;
+	struct ieee1284_info *info;
+	unsigned char reg;
+	unsigned char mask;
+	int mode;
+	s32 time32[2];
+	s64 time64[2];
+	struct timespec64 ts;
+	int ret;
 
 	/* First handle the cases that don't take arguments. */
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case PPCLAIM:
 	    {
-		struct ieee1284_info *info;
-		int ret;
-
 		if (pp->flags & PP_CLAIMED) {
 			dev_dbg(&pp->pdev->dev, "you've already got it!\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
@@ -517,15 +522,6 @@  static int pp_do_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 
 	port = pp->pdev->port;
 	switch (cmd) {
-		struct ieee1284_info *info;
-		unsigned char reg;
-		unsigned char mask;
-		int mode;
-		s32 time32[2];
-		s64 time64[2];
-		struct timespec64 ts;
-		int ret;
-
 	case PPRSTATUS:
 		reg = parport_read_status(port);
 		if (copy_to_user(argp, &reg, sizeof(reg)))
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c
index b506e3622b08..8f93956c1628 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c
@@ -3942,12 +3942,12 @@  static void drm_edid_to_eld(struct drm_connector *connector, struct edid *edid)
 		}
 
 		for_each_cea_db(cea, i, start, end) {
+			int sad_count;
+
 			db = &cea[i];
 			dbl = cea_db_payload_len(db);
 
 			switch (cea_db_tag(db)) {
-				int sad_count;
-
 			case AUDIO_BLOCK:
 				/* Audio Data Block, contains SADs */
 				sad_count = min(dbl / 3, 15 - total_sad_count);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
index 3da9c0f9e948..aa1c2ebea456 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
@@ -11341,6 +11341,7 @@  static bool check_digital_port_conflicts(struct drm_atomic_state *state)
 	drm_for_each_connector_iter(connector, &conn_iter) {
 		struct drm_connector_state *connector_state;
 		struct intel_encoder *encoder;
+		unsigned int port_mask;
 
 		connector_state = drm_atomic_get_new_connector_state(state, connector);
 		if (!connector_state)
@@ -11354,7 +11355,6 @@  static bool check_digital_port_conflicts(struct drm_atomic_state *state)
 		WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc);
 
 		switch (encoder->type) {
-			unsigned int port_mask;
 		case INTEL_OUTPUT_DDI:
 			if (WARN_ON(!HAS_DDI(to_i915(dev))))
 				break;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
index a26b4eddda25..c135fdec96b3 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
@@ -478,9 +478,9 @@  static void vlv_get_fifo_size(struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state)
 	struct vlv_fifo_state *fifo_state = &crtc_state->wm.vlv.fifo_state;
 	enum pipe pipe = crtc->pipe;
 	int sprite0_start, sprite1_start;
+	uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
 
 	switch (pipe) {
-		uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
 	case PIPE_A:
 		dsparb = I915_READ(DSPARB);
 		dsparb2 = I915_READ(DSPARB2);
@@ -1944,6 +1944,7 @@  static void vlv_atomic_update_fifo(struct intel_atomic_state *state,
 	const struct vlv_fifo_state *fifo_state =
 		&crtc_state->wm.vlv.fifo_state;
 	int sprite0_start, sprite1_start, fifo_size;
+	uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
 
 	if (!crtc_state->fifo_changed)
 		return;
@@ -1969,7 +1970,6 @@  static void vlv_atomic_update_fifo(struct intel_atomic_state *state,
 	spin_lock(&dev_priv->uncore.lock);
 
 	switch (crtc->pipe) {
-		uint32_t dsparb, dsparb2, dsparb3;
 	case PIPE_A:
 		dsparb = I915_READ_FW(DSPARB);
 		dsparb2 = I915_READ_FW(DSPARB2);
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c
index 8fe9af0e2ab7..041062736845 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c
@@ -3140,8 +3140,9 @@  static netdev_tx_t e1000_xmit_frame(struct sk_buff *skb,
 
 		hdr_len = skb_transport_offset(skb) + tcp_hdrlen(skb);
 		if (skb->data_len && hdr_len == len) {
+			unsigned int pull_size;
+
 			switch (hw->mac_type) {
-				unsigned int pull_size;
 			case e1000_82544:
 				/* Make sure we have room to chop off 4 bytes,
 				 * and that the end alignment will work out to
diff --git a/drivers/tty/n_tty.c b/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
index 5dc9686697cf..eafb39157281 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
@@ -634,6 +634,7 @@  static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
 	while (MASK(ldata->echo_commit) != MASK(tail)) {
 		c = echo_buf(ldata, tail);
 		if (c == ECHO_OP_START) {
+			unsigned int num_chars, num_bs;
 			unsigned char op;
 			int no_space_left = 0;
 
@@ -652,8 +653,6 @@  static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
 			op = echo_buf(ldata, tail + 1);
 
 			switch (op) {
-				unsigned int num_chars, num_bs;
-
 			case ECHO_OP_ERASE_TAB:
 				if (MASK(ldata->echo_commit) == MASK(tail + 2))
 					goto not_yet_stored;
diff --git a/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c b/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c
index e7dae5379e04..2b275a574e94 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/udc/net2280.c
@@ -2854,16 +2854,15 @@  static void ep_clear_seqnum(struct net2280_ep *ep)
 static void handle_stat0_irqs_superspeed(struct net2280 *dev,
 		struct net2280_ep *ep, struct usb_ctrlrequest r)
 {
+	struct net2280_ep *e;
 	int tmp = 0;
+	u16 status;
 
 #define	w_value		le16_to_cpu(r.wValue)
 #define	w_index		le16_to_cpu(r.wIndex)
 #define	w_length	le16_to_cpu(r.wLength)
 
 	switch (r.bRequest) {
-		struct net2280_ep *e;
-		u16 status;
-
 	case USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION:
 		dev->addressed_state = !w_value;
 		goto usb3_delegate;
diff --git a/fs/fcntl.c b/fs/fcntl.c
index 083185174c6d..0640b64ecdc2 100644
--- a/fs/fcntl.c
+++ b/fs/fcntl.c
@@ -725,6 +725,8 @@  static void send_sigio_to_task(struct task_struct *p,
 			       struct fown_struct *fown,
 			       int fd, int reason, enum pid_type type)
 {
+	kernel_siginfo_t si;
+
 	/*
 	 * F_SETSIG can change ->signum lockless in parallel, make
 	 * sure we read it once and use the same value throughout.
@@ -735,7 +737,6 @@  static void send_sigio_to_task(struct task_struct *p,
 		return;
 
 	switch (signum) {
-		kernel_siginfo_t si;
 		default:
 			/* Queue a rt signal with the appropriate fd as its
 			   value.  We use SI_SIGIO as the source, not 
diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
index 6ece1e2fe76e..0b02624dd8b2 100644
--- a/mm/shmem.c
+++ b/mm/shmem.c
@@ -1721,6 +1721,9 @@  static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 		swap_free(swap);
 
 	} else {
+		loff_t i_size;
+		pgoff_t off;
+
 		if (vma && userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
 			*fault_type = handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
 			return 0;
@@ -1734,8 +1737,6 @@  static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 		if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE)
 			goto alloc_huge;
 		switch (sbinfo->huge) {
-			loff_t i_size;
-			pgoff_t off;
 		case SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER:
 			goto alloc_nohuge;
 		case SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE:
diff --git a/net/core/skbuff.c b/net/core/skbuff.c
index 26d848484912..7597b3fc9d21 100644
--- a/net/core/skbuff.c
+++ b/net/core/skbuff.c
@@ -4506,9 +4506,9 @@  static __sum16 *skb_checksum_setup_ip(struct sk_buff *skb,
 				      typeof(IPPROTO_IP) proto,
 				      unsigned int off)
 {
-	switch (proto) {
-		int err;
+	int err;
 
+	switch (proto) {
 	case IPPROTO_TCP:
 		err = skb_maybe_pull_tail(skb, off + sizeof(struct tcphdr),
 					  off + MAX_TCP_HDR_LEN);
diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c
index b1be67ca6768..9aee1add46c0 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c
@@ -427,9 +427,11 @@  static int ip6gre_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 		       u8 type, u8 code, int offset, __be32 info)
 {
 	struct net *net = dev_net(skb->dev);
+	struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
 	const struct ipv6hdr *ipv6h;
 	struct tnl_ptk_info tpi;
 	struct ip6_tnl *t;
+	__u32 teli;
 
 	if (gre_parse_header(skb, &tpi, NULL, htons(ETH_P_IPV6),
 			     offset) < 0)
@@ -442,8 +444,6 @@  static int ip6gre_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 		return -ENOENT;
 
 	switch (type) {
-		struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
-		__u32 teli;
 	case ICMPV6_DEST_UNREACH:
 		net_dbg_ratelimited("%s: Path to destination invalid or inactive!\n",
 				    t->parms.name);
diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c
index 0c6403cf8b52..94ccc7a9037b 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c
@@ -478,10 +478,12 @@  ip6_tnl_err(struct sk_buff *skb, __u8 ipproto, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 	struct net *net = dev_net(skb->dev);
 	u8 rel_type = ICMPV6_DEST_UNREACH;
 	u8 rel_code = ICMPV6_ADDR_UNREACH;
+	struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
 	__u32 rel_info = 0;
 	struct ip6_tnl *t;
 	int err = -ENOENT;
 	int rel_msg = 0;
+	__u32 mtu, teli;
 	u8 tproto;
 	__u16 len;
 
@@ -501,8 +503,6 @@  ip6_tnl_err(struct sk_buff *skb, __u8 ipproto, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 	err = 0;
 
 	switch (*type) {
-		struct ipv6_tlv_tnl_enc_lim *tel;
-		__u32 mtu, teli;
 	case ICMPV6_DEST_UNREACH:
 		net_dbg_ratelimited("%s: Path to destination invalid or inactive!\n",
 				    t->parms.name);
diff --git a/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c b/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
index 691da853bef5..dee2f9516ae8 100644
--- a/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
+++ b/net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
@@ -2652,8 +2652,11 @@  static int validate_set(const struct nlattr *a,
 			u8 mac_proto, __be16 eth_type, bool masked, bool log)
 {
 	const struct nlattr *ovs_key = nla_data(a);
+	const struct ovs_key_ipv4 *ipv4_key;
+	const struct ovs_key_ipv6 *ipv6_key;
 	int key_type = nla_type(ovs_key);
 	size_t key_len;
+	int err;
 
 	/* There can be only one key in a action */
 	if (nla_total_size(nla_len(ovs_key)) != nla_len(a))
@@ -2671,10 +2674,6 @@  static int validate_set(const struct nlattr *a,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	switch (key_type) {
-	const struct ovs_key_ipv4 *ipv4_key;
-	const struct ovs_key_ipv6 *ipv6_key;
-	int err;
-
 	case OVS_KEY_ATTR_PRIORITY:
 	case OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK:
 	case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_MARK:
diff --git a/security/tomoyo/common.c b/security/tomoyo/common.c
index c598aa00d5e3..bedbd0518153 100644
--- a/security/tomoyo/common.c
+++ b/security/tomoyo/common.c
@@ -1583,8 +1583,9 @@  static void tomoyo_read_domain(struct tomoyo_io_buffer *head)
 	list_for_each_cookie(head->r.domain, &tomoyo_domain_list) {
 		struct tomoyo_domain_info *domain =
 			list_entry(head->r.domain, typeof(*domain), list);
+		u8 i;
+
 		switch (head->r.step) {
-			u8 i;
 		case 0:
 			if (domain->is_deleted &&
 			    !head->r.print_this_domain_only)
diff --git a/security/tomoyo/condition.c b/security/tomoyo/condition.c
index 8d0e1b9c9c57..c10d903febe5 100644
--- a/security/tomoyo/condition.c
+++ b/security/tomoyo/condition.c
@@ -787,10 +787,11 @@  bool tomoyo_condition(struct tomoyo_request_info *r,
 		/* Check string expressions. */
 		if (right == TOMOYO_NAME_UNION) {
 			const struct tomoyo_name_union *ptr = names_p++;
+			struct tomoyo_path_info *symlink;
+			struct tomoyo_execve *ee;
+			struct file *file;
+
 			switch (left) {
-				struct tomoyo_path_info *symlink;
-				struct tomoyo_execve *ee;
-				struct file *file;
 			case TOMOYO_SYMLINK_TARGET:
 				symlink = obj ? obj->symlink_target : NULL;
 				if (!symlink ||
diff --git a/security/tomoyo/util.c b/security/tomoyo/util.c
index badffc8271c8..8e2bb36df37b 100644
--- a/security/tomoyo/util.c
+++ b/security/tomoyo/util.c
@@ -668,6 +668,8 @@  static bool tomoyo_file_matches_pattern2(const char *filename,
 {
 	while (filename < filename_end && pattern < pattern_end) {
 		char c;
+		int i, j;
+
 		if (*pattern != '\\') {
 			if (*filename++ != *pattern++)
 				return false;
@@ -676,8 +678,6 @@  static bool tomoyo_file_matches_pattern2(const char *filename,
 		c = *filename;
 		pattern++;
 		switch (*pattern) {
-			int i;
-			int j;
 		case '?':
 			if (c == '/') {
 				return false;