| Message ID | 20200623011803.91232-1-saravanak@google.com (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| State | Mainlined |
| Commit | d4e0340919fb9190a57e879fb3125c4acce0d9b2 |
| Headers | show |
| Series | [v2] arm64/module: Optimize module load time by optimizing PLT counting | expand |
On Mon, Jun 22, 2020 at 06:18:02PM -0700, Saravana Kannan wrote: > When loading a module, module_frob_arch_sections() tries to figure out > the number of PLTs that'll be needed to handle all the RELAs. While > doing this, it tries to dedupe PLT allocations for multiple > R_AARCH64_CALL26 relocations to the same symbol. It does the same for > R_AARCH64_JUMP26 relocations. > > To make checks for duplicates easier/faster, it sorts the relocation > list by type, symbol and addend. That way, to check for a duplicate > relocation, it just needs to compare with the previous entry. > > However, sorting the entire relocation array is unnecessary and > expensive (O(n log n)) because there are a lot of other relocation types > that don't need deduping or can't be deduped. > > So this commit partitions the array into entries that need deduping and > those that don't. And then sorts just the part that needs deduping. And > when CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is disabled, the sorting is skipped entirely > because PLTs are not allocated for R_AARCH64_CALL26 and R_AARCH64_JUMP26 > if it's disabled. > > This gives significant reduction in module load time for modules with > large number of relocations with no measurable impact on modules with a > small number of relocations. In my test setup with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE > enabled, these were the results for a few downstream modules: > > Module Size (MB) > wlan 14 > video codec 3.8 > drm 1.8 > IPA 2.5 > audio 1.2 > gpu 1.8 > > Without this patch: > Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) > wlan 243739 283 > video codec 74029 138 > drm 53837 67 > IPA 42800 90 > audio 21326 27 > gpu 20967 32 > > Total time to load all these module: 637 ms > > With this patch: > Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) > wlan 22454 61 > video codec 10150 47 > drm 13014 40 > IPA 8097 63 > audio 4606 16 > gpu 6527 20 > > Total time to load all these modules: 247 > > Time saved during boot for just these 6 modules: 390 ms > > Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> > Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> > --- > > v1 -> v2: > - Provided more details in the commit text > - Pulled in Will's comments on the coding style > - Pulled in Ard's suggestion about skipping jumps with the same section > index (parts of Will's suggested code) > > arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- > 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) Nice, it looks like you were more-or-less able to use my suggestion directly! Commit message looks much better to, so: Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Catalin can pick this up when he starts queuing patches for 5.9. Cheers, Will
On Mon, 22 Jun 2020 18:18:02 -0700, Saravana Kannan wrote: > When loading a module, module_frob_arch_sections() tries to figure out > the number of PLTs that'll be needed to handle all the RELAs. While > doing this, it tries to dedupe PLT allocations for multiple > R_AARCH64_CALL26 relocations to the same symbol. It does the same for > R_AARCH64_JUMP26 relocations. > > To make checks for duplicates easier/faster, it sorts the relocation > list by type, symbol and addend. That way, to check for a duplicate > relocation, it just needs to compare with the previous entry. > > [...] Applied to arm64 (for-next/misc), thanks! [1/1] arm64/module: Optimize module load time by optimizing PLT counting https://git.kernel.org/arm64/c/d4e0340919fb
On Tue, 23 Jun 2020 at 03:27, Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> wrote: > > When loading a module, module_frob_arch_sections() tries to figure out > the number of PLTs that'll be needed to handle all the RELAs. While > doing this, it tries to dedupe PLT allocations for multiple > R_AARCH64_CALL26 relocations to the same symbol. It does the same for > R_AARCH64_JUMP26 relocations. > > To make checks for duplicates easier/faster, it sorts the relocation > list by type, symbol and addend. That way, to check for a duplicate > relocation, it just needs to compare with the previous entry. > > However, sorting the entire relocation array is unnecessary and > expensive (O(n log n)) because there are a lot of other relocation types > that don't need deduping or can't be deduped. > > So this commit partitions the array into entries that need deduping and > those that don't. And then sorts just the part that needs deduping. And > when CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is disabled, the sorting is skipped entirely > because PLTs are not allocated for R_AARCH64_CALL26 and R_AARCH64_JUMP26 > if it's disabled. > > This gives significant reduction in module load time for modules with > large number of relocations with no measurable impact on modules with a > small number of relocations. In my test setup with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE > enabled, these were the results for a few downstream modules: > > Module Size (MB) > wlan 14 > video codec 3.8 > drm 1.8 > IPA 2.5 > audio 1.2 > gpu 1.8 > > Without this patch: > Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) > wlan 243739 283 > video codec 74029 138 > drm 53837 67 > IPA 42800 90 > audio 21326 27 > gpu 20967 32 > > Total time to load all these module: 637 ms > > With this patch: > Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) > wlan 22454 61 > video codec 10150 47 > drm 13014 40 > IPA 8097 63 > audio 4606 16 > gpu 6527 20 > > Total time to load all these modules: 247 > > Time saved during boot for just these 6 modules: 390 ms > > Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> [I am no longer at Linaro so please don't use my @linaro.org address] > Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> > --- > > v1 -> v2: > - Provided more details in the commit text > - Pulled in Will's comments on the coding style > - Pulled in Ard's suggestion about skipping jumps with the same section > index (parts of Will's suggested code) > > arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- > 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > index 65b08a74aec6..0ce3a28e3347 100644 > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > @@ -253,6 +253,40 @@ static unsigned int count_plts(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, int num, > return ret; > } > > +static bool branch_rela_needs_plt(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > + Elf64_Word dstidx) > +{ > + > + Elf64_Sym *s = syms + ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info); > + > + if (s->st_shndx == dstidx) > + return false; > + > + return ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_JUMP26 || > + ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_CALL26; > +} > + > +/* Group branch PLT relas at the front end of the array. */ > +static int partition_branch_plt_relas(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > + int numrels, Elf64_Word dstidx) > +{ > + int i = 0, j = numrels - 1; > + > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)) > + return 0; > + > + while (i < j) { > + if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[i], dstidx)) > + i++; > + else if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[j], dstidx)) > + swap(rela[i], rela[j]); Nit: would be slightly better to put swap(rela[i++], rela[j]); here so the next iteration of the loop will not call branch_rela_needs_plt() on rela[i] redundantly. But the current code is also correct. > + else > + j--; > + } > + > + return i; > +} > + > int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, > char *secstrings, struct module *mod) > { > @@ -290,7 +324,7 @@ int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, > > for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { > Elf64_Rela *rels = (void *)ehdr + sechdrs[i].sh_offset; > - int numrels = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(Elf64_Rela); > + int nents, numrels = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(Elf64_Rela); > Elf64_Shdr *dstsec = sechdrs + sechdrs[i].sh_info; > > if (sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_RELA) > @@ -300,8 +334,14 @@ int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, > if (!(dstsec->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) > continue; > > - /* sort by type, symbol index and addend */ > - sort(rels, numrels, sizeof(Elf64_Rela), cmp_rela, NULL); > + /* > + * sort branch relocations requiring a PLT by type, symbol index > + * and addend > + */ > + nents = partition_branch_plt_relas(syms, rels, numrels, > + sechdrs[i].sh_info); > + if (nents) > + sort(rels, nents, sizeof(Elf64_Rela), cmp_rela, NULL); > > if (!str_has_prefix(secstrings + dstsec->sh_name, ".init")) > core_plts += count_plts(syms, rels, numrels, > -- > 2.27.0.111.gc72c7da667-goog >
On Thu, Jul 2, 2020 at 8:30 AM Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> wrote: > > On Tue, 23 Jun 2020 at 03:27, Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> wrote: > > > > When loading a module, module_frob_arch_sections() tries to figure out > > the number of PLTs that'll be needed to handle all the RELAs. While > > doing this, it tries to dedupe PLT allocations for multiple > > R_AARCH64_CALL26 relocations to the same symbol. It does the same for > > R_AARCH64_JUMP26 relocations. > > > > To make checks for duplicates easier/faster, it sorts the relocation > > list by type, symbol and addend. That way, to check for a duplicate > > relocation, it just needs to compare with the previous entry. > > > > However, sorting the entire relocation array is unnecessary and > > expensive (O(n log n)) because there are a lot of other relocation types > > that don't need deduping or can't be deduped. > > > > So this commit partitions the array into entries that need deduping and > > those that don't. And then sorts just the part that needs deduping. And > > when CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is disabled, the sorting is skipped entirely > > because PLTs are not allocated for R_AARCH64_CALL26 and R_AARCH64_JUMP26 > > if it's disabled. > > > > This gives significant reduction in module load time for modules with > > large number of relocations with no measurable impact on modules with a > > small number of relocations. In my test setup with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE > > enabled, these were the results for a few downstream modules: > > > > Module Size (MB) > > wlan 14 > > video codec 3.8 > > drm 1.8 > > IPA 2.5 > > audio 1.2 > > gpu 1.8 > > > > Without this patch: > > Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) > > wlan 243739 283 > > video codec 74029 138 > > drm 53837 67 > > IPA 42800 90 > > audio 21326 27 > > gpu 20967 32 > > > > Total time to load all these module: 637 ms > > > > With this patch: > > Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) > > wlan 22454 61 > > video codec 10150 47 > > drm 13014 40 > > IPA 8097 63 > > audio 4606 16 > > gpu 6527 20 > > > > Total time to load all these modules: 247 > > > > Time saved during boot for just these 6 modules: 390 ms > > > > Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> > > [I am no longer at Linaro so please don't use my @linaro.org address] Hmm... I'm pretty sure I got this using the get_maintainers script. Maybe update the MAINTAINERS file if you haven't already (I didn't check)? But if I ever manually add in your email, I'll keep this in mind. > > Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> > > --- > > > > v1 -> v2: > > - Provided more details in the commit text > > - Pulled in Will's comments on the coding style > > - Pulled in Ard's suggestion about skipping jumps with the same section > > index (parts of Will's suggested code) > > > > arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- > > 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) > > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > index 65b08a74aec6..0ce3a28e3347 100644 > > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > @@ -253,6 +253,40 @@ static unsigned int count_plts(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, int num, > > return ret; > > } > > > > +static bool branch_rela_needs_plt(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > > + Elf64_Word dstidx) > > +{ > > + > > + Elf64_Sym *s = syms + ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info); > > + > > + if (s->st_shndx == dstidx) > > + return false; > > + > > + return ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_JUMP26 || > > + ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_CALL26; > > +} > > + > > +/* Group branch PLT relas at the front end of the array. */ > > +static int partition_branch_plt_relas(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > > + int numrels, Elf64_Word dstidx) > > +{ > > + int i = 0, j = numrels - 1; > > + > > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)) > > + return 0; > > + > > + while (i < j) { > > + if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[i], dstidx)) > > + i++; > > + else if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[j], dstidx)) > > + swap(rela[i], rela[j]); > > Nit: would be slightly better to put > > swap(rela[i++], rela[j]); > > here so the next iteration of the loop will not call > branch_rela_needs_plt() on rela[i] redundantly. But the current code > is also correct. Oh yeah, I noticed that unnecessary repeat of branch_rela_needs_plt() on rela[i] when j had to be decremented, but forgot to handle it after I was done with all the testing. But I did compare it to the code I had written in v1 that didn't have this extra check for rela[i]. I couldn't find any measurable difference in the module load time. Maybe 1ms for the worst case module, but that could have been just run to run variation. Anyway, maybe send this as another patch since Catalin has already picked this mine? Thanks, Saravana
On Fri, Jul 03, 2020 at 05:47:24PM -0700, Saravana Kannan wrote: > On Thu, Jul 2, 2020 at 8:30 AM Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> wrote: > > On Tue, 23 Jun 2020 at 03:27, Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> wrote: > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > > index 65b08a74aec6..0ce3a28e3347 100644 > > > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > > @@ -253,6 +253,40 @@ static unsigned int count_plts(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, int num, > > > return ret; > > > } > > > > > > +static bool branch_rela_needs_plt(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > > > + Elf64_Word dstidx) > > > +{ > > > + > > > + Elf64_Sym *s = syms + ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info); > > > + > > > + if (s->st_shndx == dstidx) > > > + return false; > > > + > > > + return ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_JUMP26 || > > > + ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_CALL26; > > > +} > > > + > > > +/* Group branch PLT relas at the front end of the array. */ > > > +static int partition_branch_plt_relas(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > > > + int numrels, Elf64_Word dstidx) > > > +{ > > > + int i = 0, j = numrels - 1; > > > + > > > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)) > > > + return 0; > > > + > > > + while (i < j) { > > > + if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[i], dstidx)) > > > + i++; > > > + else if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[j], dstidx)) > > > + swap(rela[i], rela[j]); > > > > Nit: would be slightly better to put > > > > swap(rela[i++], rela[j]); > > > > here so the next iteration of the loop will not call > > branch_rela_needs_plt() on rela[i] redundantly. But the current code > > is also correct. > > Oh yeah, I noticed that unnecessary repeat of branch_rela_needs_plt() > on rela[i] when j had to be decremented, but forgot to handle it after > I was done with all the testing. Yeah, I guess you can decrement j as well, but I just think it makes the logic harder to read and more error-prone if we change it later. > But I did compare it to the code I had written in v1 that didn't have > this extra check for rela[i]. I couldn't find any measurable > difference in the module load time. Maybe 1ms for the worst case > module, but that could have been just run to run variation. > > Anyway, maybe send this as another patch since Catalin has already > picked this mine? I think the queued code is fine, so we don't need to micro-optimise it. Will
On Sat, 4 Jul 2020 at 14:09, Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> wrote: > > On Fri, Jul 03, 2020 at 05:47:24PM -0700, Saravana Kannan wrote: > > On Thu, Jul 2, 2020 at 8:30 AM Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> wrote: > > > On Tue, 23 Jun 2020 at 03:27, Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> wrote: > > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > > > index 65b08a74aec6..0ce3a28e3347 100644 > > > > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c > > > > @@ -253,6 +253,40 @@ static unsigned int count_plts(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, int num, > > > > return ret; > > > > } > > > > > > > > +static bool branch_rela_needs_plt(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > > > > + Elf64_Word dstidx) > > > > +{ > > > > + > > > > + Elf64_Sym *s = syms + ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info); > > > > + > > > > + if (s->st_shndx == dstidx) > > > > + return false; > > > > + > > > > + return ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_JUMP26 || > > > > + ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_CALL26; > > > > +} > > > > + > > > > +/* Group branch PLT relas at the front end of the array. */ > > > > +static int partition_branch_plt_relas(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, > > > > + int numrels, Elf64_Word dstidx) > > > > +{ > > > > + int i = 0, j = numrels - 1; > > > > + > > > > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)) > > > > + return 0; > > > > + > > > > + while (i < j) { > > > > + if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[i], dstidx)) > > > > + i++; > > > > + else if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[j], dstidx)) > > > > + swap(rela[i], rela[j]); > > > > > > Nit: would be slightly better to put > > > > > > swap(rela[i++], rela[j]); > > > > > > here so the next iteration of the loop will not call > > > branch_rela_needs_plt() on rela[i] redundantly. But the current code > > > is also correct. > > > > Oh yeah, I noticed that unnecessary repeat of branch_rela_needs_plt() > > on rela[i] when j had to be decremented, but forgot to handle it after > > I was done with all the testing. > > Yeah, I guess you can decrement j as well, but I just think it makes the > logic harder to read and more error-prone if we change it later. > Indeed, swap(rela[i++], rela[j--]); looks even bettter! But you're right, it's not a big deal. > > But I did compare it to the code I had written in v1 that didn't have > > this extra check for rela[i]. I couldn't find any measurable > > difference in the module load time. Maybe 1ms for the worst case > > module, but that could have been just run to run variation. > > > > Anyway, maybe send this as another patch since Catalin has already > > picked this mine? > > I think the queued code is fine, so we don't need to micro-optimise it. > > Will
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c index 65b08a74aec6..0ce3a28e3347 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c @@ -253,6 +253,40 @@ static unsigned int count_plts(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, int num, return ret; } +static bool branch_rela_needs_plt(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, + Elf64_Word dstidx) +{ + + Elf64_Sym *s = syms + ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info); + + if (s->st_shndx == dstidx) + return false; + + return ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_JUMP26 || + ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_AARCH64_CALL26; +} + +/* Group branch PLT relas at the front end of the array. */ +static int partition_branch_plt_relas(Elf64_Sym *syms, Elf64_Rela *rela, + int numrels, Elf64_Word dstidx) +{ + int i = 0, j = numrels - 1; + + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)) + return 0; + + while (i < j) { + if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[i], dstidx)) + i++; + else if (branch_rela_needs_plt(syms, &rela[j], dstidx)) + swap(rela[i], rela[j]); + else + j--; + } + + return i; +} + int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, char *secstrings, struct module *mod) { @@ -290,7 +324,7 @@ int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { Elf64_Rela *rels = (void *)ehdr + sechdrs[i].sh_offset; - int numrels = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(Elf64_Rela); + int nents, numrels = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(Elf64_Rela); Elf64_Shdr *dstsec = sechdrs + sechdrs[i].sh_info; if (sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_RELA) @@ -300,8 +334,14 @@ int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, if (!(dstsec->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) continue; - /* sort by type, symbol index and addend */ - sort(rels, numrels, sizeof(Elf64_Rela), cmp_rela, NULL); + /* + * sort branch relocations requiring a PLT by type, symbol index + * and addend + */ + nents = partition_branch_plt_relas(syms, rels, numrels, + sechdrs[i].sh_info); + if (nents) + sort(rels, nents, sizeof(Elf64_Rela), cmp_rela, NULL); if (!str_has_prefix(secstrings + dstsec->sh_name, ".init")) core_plts += count_plts(syms, rels, numrels,
When loading a module, module_frob_arch_sections() tries to figure out the number of PLTs that'll be needed to handle all the RELAs. While doing this, it tries to dedupe PLT allocations for multiple R_AARCH64_CALL26 relocations to the same symbol. It does the same for R_AARCH64_JUMP26 relocations. To make checks for duplicates easier/faster, it sorts the relocation list by type, symbol and addend. That way, to check for a duplicate relocation, it just needs to compare with the previous entry. However, sorting the entire relocation array is unnecessary and expensive (O(n log n)) because there are a lot of other relocation types that don't need deduping or can't be deduped. So this commit partitions the array into entries that need deduping and those that don't. And then sorts just the part that needs deduping. And when CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is disabled, the sorting is skipped entirely because PLTs are not allocated for R_AARCH64_CALL26 and R_AARCH64_JUMP26 if it's disabled. This gives significant reduction in module load time for modules with large number of relocations with no measurable impact on modules with a small number of relocations. In my test setup with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE enabled, these were the results for a few downstream modules: Module Size (MB) wlan 14 video codec 3.8 drm 1.8 IPA 2.5 audio 1.2 gpu 1.8 Without this patch: Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) wlan 243739 283 video codec 74029 138 drm 53837 67 IPA 42800 90 audio 21326 27 gpu 20967 32 Total time to load all these module: 637 ms With this patch: Module Number of entries sorted Module load time (ms) wlan 22454 61 video codec 10150 47 drm 13014 40 IPA 8097 63 audio 4606 16 gpu 6527 20 Total time to load all these modules: 247 Time saved during boot for just these 6 modules: 390 ms Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com> --- v1 -> v2: - Provided more details in the commit text - Pulled in Will's comments on the coding style - Pulled in Ard's suggestion about skipping jumps with the same section index (parts of Will's suggested code) arch/arm64/kernel/module-plts.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)