@@ -246,4 +246,17 @@ int damon_stop(struct damon_ctx **ctxs, int nr_ctxs);
#endif /* CONFIG_DAMON */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DAMON_VADDR
+
+/* Monitoring primitives for virtual memory address spaces */
+void damon_va_init(struct damon_ctx *ctx);
+void damon_va_update(struct damon_ctx *ctx);
+void damon_va_prepare_access_checks(struct damon_ctx *ctx);
+unsigned int damon_va_check_accesses(struct damon_ctx *ctx);
+bool damon_va_target_valid(void *t);
+void damon_va_cleanup(struct damon_ctx *ctx);
+void damon_va_set_primitives(struct damon_ctx *ctx);
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_DAMON_VADDR */
+
#endif /* _DAMON_H */
@@ -12,4 +12,13 @@ config DAMON
See https://damonitor.github.io/doc/html/latest-damon/index.html for
more information.
+config DAMON_VADDR
+ bool "Data access monitoring primitives for virtual address spaces"
+ depends on DAMON && MMU
+ select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
+ select PAGE_IDLE_FLAG
+ help
+ This builds the default data access monitoring primitives for DAMON
+ that works for virtual address spaces.
+
endmenu
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
obj-$(CONFIG_DAMON) := core.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DAMON_VADDR) += vaddr.o
new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * DAMON Primitives for Virtual Address Spaces
+ *
+ * Author: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "damon-va: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/damon.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
+#include <linux/page_idle.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+/* Get a random number in [l, r) */
+#define damon_rand(l, r) (l + prandom_u32_max(r - l))
+
+/*
+ * 't->id' should be the pointer to the relevant 'struct pid' having reference
+ * count. Caller must put the returned task, unless it is NULL.
+ */
+#define damon_get_task_struct(t) \
+ (get_pid_task((struct pid *)t->id, PIDTYPE_PID))
+
+/*
+ * Get the mm_struct of the given target
+ *
+ * Caller _must_ put the mm_struct after use, unless it is NULL.
+ *
+ * Returns the mm_struct of the target on success, NULL on failure
+ */
+static struct mm_struct *damon_get_mm(struct damon_target *t)
+{
+ struct task_struct *task;
+ struct mm_struct *mm;
+
+ task = damon_get_task_struct(t);
+ if (!task)
+ return NULL;
+
+ mm = get_task_mm(task);
+ put_task_struct(task);
+ return mm;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions for the initial monitoring target regions construction
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Size-evenly split a region into 'nr_pieces' small regions
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, or negative error code otherwise.
+ */
+static int damon_va_evenly_split_region(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
+ struct damon_region *r, unsigned int nr_pieces)
+{
+ unsigned long sz_orig, sz_piece, orig_end;
+ struct damon_region *n = NULL, *next;
+ unsigned long start;
+
+ if (!r || !nr_pieces)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ orig_end = r->ar.end;
+ sz_orig = r->ar.end - r->ar.start;
+ sz_piece = ALIGN_DOWN(sz_orig / nr_pieces, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+
+ if (!sz_piece)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ r->ar.end = r->ar.start + sz_piece;
+ next = damon_next_region(r);
+ for (start = r->ar.end; start + sz_piece <= orig_end;
+ start += sz_piece) {
+ n = damon_new_region(start, start + sz_piece);
+ if (!n)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ damon_insert_region(n, r, next);
+ r = n;
+ }
+ /* complement last region for possible rounding error */
+ if (n)
+ n->ar.end = orig_end;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned long sz_range(struct damon_addr_range *r)
+{
+ return r->end - r->start;
+}
+
+static void swap_ranges(struct damon_addr_range *r1,
+ struct damon_addr_range *r2)
+{
+ struct damon_addr_range tmp;
+
+ tmp = *r1;
+ *r1 = *r2;
+ *r2 = tmp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find three regions separated by two biggest unmapped regions
+ *
+ * vma the head vma of the target address space
+ * regions an array of three address ranges that results will be saved
+ *
+ * This function receives an address space and finds three regions in it which
+ * separated by the two biggest unmapped regions in the space. Please refer to
+ * below comments of '__damon_va_init_regions()' function to know why this is
+ * necessary.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if success, or negative error code otherwise.
+ */
+static int __damon_va_three_regions(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ struct damon_addr_range regions[3])
+{
+ struct damon_addr_range gap = {0}, first_gap = {0}, second_gap = {0};
+ struct vm_area_struct *last_vma = NULL;
+ unsigned long start = 0;
+ struct rb_root rbroot;
+
+ /* Find two biggest gaps so that first_gap > second_gap > others */
+ for (; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
+ if (!last_vma) {
+ start = vma->vm_start;
+ goto next;
+ }
+
+ if (vma->rb_subtree_gap <= sz_range(&second_gap)) {
+ rbroot.rb_node = &vma->vm_rb;
+ vma = rb_entry(rb_last(&rbroot),
+ struct vm_area_struct, vm_rb);
+ goto next;
+ }
+
+ gap.start = last_vma->vm_end;
+ gap.end = vma->vm_start;
+ if (sz_range(&gap) > sz_range(&second_gap)) {
+ swap_ranges(&gap, &second_gap);
+ if (sz_range(&second_gap) > sz_range(&first_gap))
+ swap_ranges(&second_gap, &first_gap);
+ }
+next:
+ last_vma = vma;
+ }
+
+ if (!sz_range(&second_gap) || !sz_range(&first_gap))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Sort the two biggest gaps by address */
+ if (first_gap.start > second_gap.start)
+ swap_ranges(&first_gap, &second_gap);
+
+ /* Store the result */
+ regions[0].start = ALIGN(start, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ regions[0].end = ALIGN(first_gap.start, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ regions[1].start = ALIGN(first_gap.end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ regions[1].end = ALIGN(second_gap.start, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ regions[2].start = ALIGN(second_gap.end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ regions[2].end = ALIGN(last_vma->vm_end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the three regions in the given target (task)
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
+ */
+static int damon_va_three_regions(struct damon_target *t,
+ struct damon_addr_range regions[3])
+{
+ struct mm_struct *mm;
+ int rc;
+
+ mm = damon_get_mm(t);
+ if (!mm)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ mmap_read_lock(mm);
+ rc = __damon_va_three_regions(mm->mmap, regions);
+ mmap_read_unlock(mm);
+
+ mmput(mm);
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the monitoring target regions for the given target (task)
+ *
+ * t the given target
+ *
+ * Because only a number of small portions of the entire address space
+ * is actually mapped to the memory and accessed, monitoring the unmapped
+ * regions is wasteful. That said, because we can deal with small noises,
+ * tracking every mapping is not strictly required but could even incur a high
+ * overhead if the mapping frequently changes or the number of mappings is
+ * high. The adaptive regions adjustment mechanism will further help to deal
+ * with the noise by simply identifying the unmapped areas as a region that
+ * has no access. Moreover, applying the real mappings that would have many
+ * unmapped areas inside will make the adaptive mechanism quite complex. That
+ * said, too huge unmapped areas inside the monitoring target should be removed
+ * to not take the time for the adaptive mechanism.
+ *
+ * For the reason, we convert the complex mappings to three distinct regions
+ * that cover every mapped area of the address space. Also the two gaps
+ * between the three regions are the two biggest unmapped areas in the given
+ * address space. In detail, this function first identifies the start and the
+ * end of the mappings and the two biggest unmapped areas of the address space.
+ * Then, it constructs the three regions as below:
+ *
+ * [mappings[0]->start, big_two_unmapped_areas[0]->start)
+ * [big_two_unmapped_areas[0]->end, big_two_unmapped_areas[1]->start)
+ * [big_two_unmapped_areas[1]->end, mappings[nr_mappings - 1]->end)
+ *
+ * As usual memory map of processes is as below, the gap between the heap and
+ * the uppermost mmap()-ed region, and the gap between the lowermost mmap()-ed
+ * region and the stack will be two biggest unmapped regions. Because these
+ * gaps are exceptionally huge areas in usual address space, excluding these
+ * two biggest unmapped regions will be sufficient to make a trade-off.
+ *
+ * <heap>
+ * <BIG UNMAPPED REGION 1>
+ * <uppermost mmap()-ed region>
+ * (other mmap()-ed regions and small unmapped regions)
+ * <lowermost mmap()-ed region>
+ * <BIG UNMAPPED REGION 2>
+ * <stack>
+ */
+static void __damon_va_init_regions(struct damon_ctx *c,
+ struct damon_target *t)
+{
+ struct damon_region *r;
+ struct damon_addr_range regions[3];
+ unsigned long sz = 0, nr_pieces;
+ int i;
+
+ if (damon_va_three_regions(t, regions)) {
+ pr_err("Failed to get three regions of target %lu\n", t->id);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+ sz += regions[i].end - regions[i].start;
+ if (c->min_nr_regions)
+ sz /= c->min_nr_regions;
+ if (sz < DAMON_MIN_REGION)
+ sz = DAMON_MIN_REGION;
+
+ /* Set the initial three regions of the target */
+ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ r = damon_new_region(regions[i].start, regions[i].end);
+ if (!r) {
+ pr_err("%d'th init region creation failed\n", i);
+ return;
+ }
+ damon_add_region(r, t);
+
+ nr_pieces = (regions[i].end - regions[i].start) / sz;
+ damon_va_evenly_split_region(c, r, nr_pieces);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Initialize '->regions_list' of every target (task) */
+void damon_va_init(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ struct damon_target *t;
+
+ damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
+ /* the user may set the target regions as they want */
+ if (!damon_nr_regions(t))
+ __damon_va_init_regions(ctx, t);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions for the dynamic monitoring target regions update
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Check whether a region is intersecting an address range
+ *
+ * Returns true if it is.
+ */
+static bool damon_intersect(struct damon_region *r, struct damon_addr_range *re)
+{
+ return !(r->ar.end <= re->start || re->end <= r->ar.start);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update damon regions for the three big regions of the given target
+ *
+ * t the given target
+ * bregions the three big regions of the target
+ */
+static void damon_va_apply_three_regions(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
+ struct damon_target *t, struct damon_addr_range bregions[3])
+{
+ struct damon_region *r, *next;
+ unsigned int i = 0;
+
+ /* Remove regions which are not in the three big regions now */
+ damon_for_each_region_safe(r, next, t) {
+ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ if (damon_intersect(r, &bregions[i]))
+ break;
+ }
+ if (i == 3)
+ damon_destroy_region(r);
+ }
+
+ /* Adjust intersecting regions to fit with the three big regions */
+ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ struct damon_region *first = NULL, *last;
+ struct damon_region *newr;
+ struct damon_addr_range *br;
+
+ br = &bregions[i];
+ /* Get the first and last regions which intersects with br */
+ damon_for_each_region(r, t) {
+ if (damon_intersect(r, br)) {
+ if (!first)
+ first = r;
+ last = r;
+ }
+ if (r->ar.start >= br->end)
+ break;
+ }
+ if (!first) {
+ /* no damon_region intersects with this big region */
+ newr = damon_new_region(
+ ALIGN_DOWN(br->start,
+ DAMON_MIN_REGION),
+ ALIGN(br->end, DAMON_MIN_REGION));
+ if (!newr)
+ continue;
+ damon_insert_region(newr, damon_prev_region(r), r);
+ } else {
+ first->ar.start = ALIGN_DOWN(br->start,
+ DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ last->ar.end = ALIGN(br->end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update regions for current memory mappings
+ */
+void damon_va_update(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ struct damon_addr_range three_regions[3];
+ struct damon_target *t;
+
+ damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
+ if (damon_va_three_regions(t, three_regions))
+ continue;
+ damon_va_apply_three_regions(ctx, t, three_regions);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get an online page for a pfn if it's in the LRU list. Otherwise, returns
+ * NULL.
+ *
+ * The body of this function is stolen from the 'page_idle_get_page()'. We
+ * steal rather than reuse it because the code is quite simple.
+ */
+static struct page *damon_get_page(unsigned long pfn)
+{
+ struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
+
+ if (!page || !PageLRU(page) || !get_page_unless_zero(page))
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (unlikely(!PageLRU(page))) {
+ put_page(page);
+ page = NULL;
+ }
+ return page;
+}
+
+static void damon_ptep_mkold(pte_t *pte, struct mm_struct *mm,
+ unsigned long addr)
+{
+ bool referenced = false;
+ struct page *page = damon_get_page(pte_pfn(*pte));
+
+ if (!page)
+ return;
+
+ if (pte_young(*pte)) {
+ referenced = true;
+ *pte = pte_mkold(*pte);
+ }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
+ if (mmu_notifier_clear_young(mm, addr, addr + PAGE_SIZE))
+ referenced = true;
+#endif /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
+
+ if (referenced)
+ set_page_young(page);
+
+ set_page_idle(page);
+ put_page(page);
+}
+
+static void damon_pmdp_mkold(pmd_t *pmd, struct mm_struct *mm,
+ unsigned long addr)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
+ bool referenced = false;
+ struct page *page = damon_get_page(pmd_pfn(*pmd));
+
+ if (!page)
+ return;
+
+ if (pmd_young(*pmd)) {
+ referenced = true;
+ *pmd = pmd_mkold(*pmd);
+ }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
+ if (mmu_notifier_clear_young(mm, addr,
+ addr + ((1UL) << HPAGE_PMD_SHIFT)))
+ referenced = true;
+#endif /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
+
+ if (referenced)
+ set_page_young(page);
+
+ set_page_idle(page);
+ put_page(page);
+#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
+}
+
+static void damon_va_mkold(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
+{
+ pte_t *pte = NULL;
+ pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
+ spinlock_t *ptl;
+
+ if (follow_invalidate_pte(mm, addr, NULL, &pte, &pmd, &ptl))
+ return;
+
+ if (pte) {
+ damon_ptep_mkold(pte, mm, addr);
+ pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
+ } else {
+ damon_pmdp_mkold(pmd, mm, addr);
+ spin_unlock(ptl);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions for the access checking of the regions
+ */
+
+static void damon_va_prepare_access_check(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
+ struct mm_struct *mm, struct damon_region *r)
+{
+ r->sampling_addr = damon_rand(r->ar.start, r->ar.end);
+
+ damon_va_mkold(mm, r->sampling_addr);
+}
+
+void damon_va_prepare_access_checks(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ struct damon_target *t;
+ struct mm_struct *mm;
+ struct damon_region *r;
+
+ damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
+ mm = damon_get_mm(t);
+ if (!mm)
+ continue;
+ damon_for_each_region(r, t)
+ damon_va_prepare_access_check(ctx, mm, r);
+ mmput(mm);
+ }
+}
+
+static bool damon_va_young(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
+ unsigned long *page_sz)
+{
+ pte_t *pte = NULL;
+ pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
+ spinlock_t *ptl;
+ struct page *page;
+ bool young = false;
+
+ if (follow_invalidate_pte(mm, addr, NULL, &pte, &pmd, &ptl))
+ return false;
+
+ *page_sz = PAGE_SIZE;
+ if (pte) {
+ page = damon_get_page(pte_pfn(*pte));
+ if (page && (pte_young(*pte) || !page_is_idle(page) ||
+ mmu_notifier_test_young(mm, addr)))
+ young = true;
+ if (page)
+ put_page(page);
+ pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
+ return young;
+ }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
+ page = damon_get_page(pmd_pfn(*pmd));
+ if (page && (pmd_young(*pmd) || !page_is_idle(page) ||
+ mmu_notifier_test_young(mm, addr)))
+ young = true;
+ if (page)
+ put_page(page);
+
+ spin_unlock(ptl);
+ *page_sz = ((1UL) << HPAGE_PMD_SHIFT);
+#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
+
+ return young;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check whether the region was accessed after the last preparation
+ *
+ * mm 'mm_struct' for the given virtual address space
+ * r the region to be checked
+ */
+static void damon_va_check_access(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
+ struct mm_struct *mm, struct damon_region *r)
+{
+ static struct mm_struct *last_mm;
+ static unsigned long last_addr;
+ static unsigned long last_page_sz = PAGE_SIZE;
+ static bool last_accessed;
+
+ /* If the region is in the last checked page, reuse the result */
+ if (mm == last_mm && (ALIGN_DOWN(last_addr, last_page_sz) ==
+ ALIGN_DOWN(r->sampling_addr, last_page_sz))) {
+ if (last_accessed)
+ r->nr_accesses++;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ last_accessed = damon_va_young(mm, r->sampling_addr, &last_page_sz);
+ if (last_accessed)
+ r->nr_accesses++;
+
+ last_mm = mm;
+ last_addr = r->sampling_addr;
+}
+
+unsigned int damon_va_check_accesses(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ struct damon_target *t;
+ struct mm_struct *mm;
+ struct damon_region *r;
+ unsigned int max_nr_accesses = 0;
+
+ damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
+ mm = damon_get_mm(t);
+ if (!mm)
+ continue;
+ damon_for_each_region(r, t) {
+ damon_va_check_access(ctx, mm, r);
+ max_nr_accesses = max(r->nr_accesses, max_nr_accesses);
+ }
+ mmput(mm);
+ }
+
+ return max_nr_accesses;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions for the target validity check and cleanup
+ */
+
+bool damon_va_target_valid(void *target)
+{
+ struct damon_target *t = target;
+ struct task_struct *task;
+
+ task = damon_get_task_struct(t);
+ if (task) {
+ put_task_struct(task);
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+void damon_va_cleanup(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ struct damon_target *t, *next;
+
+ damon_for_each_target_safe(t, next, ctx) {
+ put_pid((struct pid *)t->id);
+ damon_destroy_target(t);
+ }
+}
+
+void damon_va_set_primitives(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ ctx->primitive.init = damon_va_init;
+ ctx->primitive.update = damon_va_update;
+ ctx->primitive.prepare_access_checks = damon_va_prepare_access_checks;
+ ctx->primitive.check_accesses = damon_va_check_accesses;
+ ctx->primitive.reset_aggregated = NULL;
+ ctx->primitive.target_valid = damon_va_target_valid;
+ ctx->primitive.cleanup = damon_va_cleanup;
+}