[for-6.2,v2,11/11] tests/unit: Add a unit test for smp parsing

Commit Message

Yanan Wang July 19, 2021, 3:20 a.m. UTC

Add a QEMU unit test for the parsing of given SMP configuration.
Since all the parsing logic is in generic function smp_parse(),
this test passes diffenent SMP configurations to the function
and compare the parsing result with what is expected.

In the test, all possible collections of the topology parameters
and the corressponding expected results are listed, including the
valid and invalid ones.

The preference of sockets over cores and the preference of cores
over sockets, and the support of multi-dies are also considered.

Signed-off-by: Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
---
 MAINTAINERS                 |    1 +
 tests/unit/meson.build      |    1 +
 tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c | 1117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 1119 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c

Comments

Andrew Jones July 19, 2021, 6:57 p.m. UTC | #1

On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 11:20:43AM +0800, Yanan Wang wrote:
> Add a QEMU unit test for the parsing of given SMP configuration.
> Since all the parsing logic is in generic function smp_parse(),
> this test passes diffenent SMP configurations to the function
> and compare the parsing result with what is expected.
> 
> In the test, all possible collections of the topology parameters
> and the corressponding expected results are listed, including the
> valid and invalid ones.
> 
> The preference of sockets over cores and the preference of cores
> over sockets, and the support of multi-dies are also considered.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
> ---
>  MAINTAINERS                 |    1 +
>  tests/unit/meson.build      |    1 +
>  tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c | 1117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 1119 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> 
> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> index 70633e3bf4..160dba2e57 100644
> --- a/MAINTAINERS
> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> @@ -1636,6 +1636,7 @@ F: include/hw/boards.h
>  F: include/hw/core/cpu.h
>  F: include/hw/cpu/cluster.h
>  F: include/sysemu/numa.h
> +F: tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>  T: git https://gitlab.com/ehabkost/qemu.git machine-next
>  
>  Xtensa Machines
> diff --git a/tests/unit/meson.build b/tests/unit/meson.build
> index 3e0504dd21..694a924627 100644
> --- a/tests/unit/meson.build
> +++ b/tests/unit/meson.build
> @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ tests = {
>    'test-uuid': [],
>    'ptimer-test': ['ptimer-test-stubs.c', meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/ptimer.c'],
>    'test-qapi-util': [],
> +  'test-smp-parse': [qom, meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/machine-smp.c'],
>  }
>  
>  if have_system or have_tools
> diff --git a/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..bc1d324c3d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
> +/*
> + * SMP parsing unit-tests
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2021, Huawei, Inc.
> + *
> + * Authors:
> + *  Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
> + *
> + * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
> + * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
> + */
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "qom/object.h"
> +#include "qemu/module.h"
> +#include "qapi/error.h"
> +
> +#include "hw/boards.h"
> +
> +#define T true
> +#define F false
> +
> +/**
> + * SMPTestData:
> + * @config - the given SMP configuration for parsing
> + * @should_be_valid - whether the given configuration is supposed to be valid
> + * @expect - the CPU topology info expected to be parsed out
> + */
> +typedef struct SMPTestData {
> +    SMPConfiguration config;
> +    bool should_be_valid;

Long way to say 'valid'.

> +    CpuTopology expect;
> +} SMPTestData;
> +
> +/* the specific machine type info for this test */
> +static const TypeInfo smp_machine_info = {
> +    .name = TYPE_MACHINE,
> +    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
> +    .class_size = sizeof(MachineClass),
> +    .instance_size = sizeof(MachineState),
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * prefer sockets over cores over threads before 6.2.
> + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs

corresponding (please run spell check on your commit messages)


> + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
> + */
> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets[] = {
> +    {
> +        /* config: no smp configuration provided
> +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },

SMPConfiguration and CpuTopology have named fields so we could drop the
'expect: ...' comment line and instead do

 {
  /* no configuration provided */ 
  .config = { .has_cpus = F, .has_maxcpus = F, ... },
  .valid = T,
  .expect = { .sockets = 1, .cores = 1, ... },
 }, {
  ...
 }

which may be easier to maintain. OTOH, the concise form this approach has
is also nice. I don't think you should need the casts in the assignments
though.

> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
> +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
> +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
> +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    },
> +};
> +
> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets_support_dies[] = {
> +    {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 1, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    },
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * prefer cores over sockets over threads since 6.2.
> + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
> + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
> + */
> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores[] = {
> +    {
> +        /* config: no smp configuration
> +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
> +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
> +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
> +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
> +        .should_be_valid = false,
> +    },
> +};
> +
> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores_support_dies[] = {
> +    {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    }, {
> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> +        .should_be_valid = true,
> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> +    },
> +};
> +
> +static char *get_config_info(SMPConfiguration *config)
> +{
> +    return g_strdup_printf(
> +        "(SMPConfiguration) {\n"
> +        "    .has_cpus    = %5s, cpus    = %ld,\n"
> +        "    .has_sockets = %5s, sockets = %ld,\n"
> +        "    .has_dies    = %5s, dies    = %ld,\n"
> +        "    .has_cores   = %5s, cores   = %ld,\n"
> +        "    .has_threads = %5s, threads = %ld,\n"
> +        "    .has_maxcpus = %5s, maxcpus = %ld,\n"
> +        "}",
> +        config->has_cpus ? "true" : "false", config->cpus,
> +        config->has_sockets ? "true" : "false", config->sockets,
> +        config->has_dies ? "true" : "false", config->dies,
> +        config->has_cores ? "true" : "false", config->cores,
> +        config->has_threads ? "true" : "false", config->threads,
> +        config->has_maxcpus ? "true" : "false", config->maxcpus);
> +}
> +
> +static char *get_topo_info(CpuTopology *topo)
> +{
> +    return g_strdup_printf(
> +        "(CpuTopology) {\n"
> +        "    .cpus     = %u,\n"
> +        "    .sockets  = %u,\n"
> +        "    .dies     = %u,\n"
> +        "    .cores    = %u,\n"
> +        "    .threads  = %u,\n"
> +        "    .max_cpus = %u,\n"
> +        "}",
> +        topo->cpus, topo->sockets, topo->dies,
> +        topo->cores, topo->threads, topo->max_cpus);
> +}
> +
> +static void check_smp_parse(MachineState *ms, SMPTestData *data)
> +{
> +    SMPConfiguration *config = &data->config;
> +    CpuTopology *expect = &data->expect;
> +    g_autofree char *config_info = NULL;
> +    g_autofree char *expect_info = NULL;
> +    g_autofree char *result_info = NULL;
> +    Error *err = NULL;
> +
> +    /* call the generic parser smp_parse() in hw/core/machine-smp.c */
> +    smp_parse(ms, config, &err);
> +
> +    if (data->should_be_valid) {
> +        if ((err == NULL) &&
> +            (ms->smp.cpus == expect->cpus) &&
> +            (ms->smp.sockets == expect->sockets) &&
> +            (ms->smp.dies == expect->dies) &&
> +            (ms->smp.cores == expect->cores) &&
> +            (ms->smp.threads == expect->threads) &&
> +            (ms->smp.max_cpus == expect->max_cpus)) {
> +            return;
> +        }
> +
> +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
> +        expect_info = get_topo_info(expect);
> +
> +        if (err != NULL) {
> +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
> +                       "config: %s\n"
> +                       "expect: %s\n"
> +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
> +                       "result_is_valid: no\n"
> +                       "error_msg: %s\n",
> +                       config_info, expect_info, error_get_pretty(err));
> +            error_free(err);
> +        } else {
> +            result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
> +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
> +                       "config: %s\n"
> +                       "expect: %s\n"
> +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
> +                       "result_is_valid: yes\n"
> +                       "result: %s\n",
> +                       config_info, expect_info, result_info);
> +        }
> +    } else {
> +        if (err != NULL) {
> +            error_free(err);
> +            return;
> +        }
> +
> +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
> +        result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
> +
> +        g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
> +                   "config: %s\n"
> +                   "should_be_valid: no\n\n"
> +                   "result_is_valid: yes\n"
> +                   "result: %s\n",
> +                   config_info, result_info);
> +    }
> +
> +    abort();
> +}
> +
> +static void smp_prefer_sockets_test(void)
> +{
> +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
> +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
> +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
> +    int i;
> +
> +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
> +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
> +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
> +
> +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = true;
> +
> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets); i++) {
> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets[i]);
> +    }
> +
> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets_support_dies); i++) {
> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets_support_dies[i]);
> +    }
> +
> +    object_unref(obj);
> +}
> +
> +static void smp_prefer_cores_test(void)
> +{
> +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
> +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
> +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
> +    int i;
> +
> +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
> +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
> +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
> +
> +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = false;
> +
> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores); i++) {
> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores[i]);
> +    }
> +
> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores_support_dies); i++) {
> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores_support_dies[i]);
> +    }
> +
> +    object_unref(obj);
> +}
> +
> +int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> +{
> +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
> +
> +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
> +    type_register_static(&smp_machine_info);
> +
> +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_sockets", smp_prefer_sockets_test);
> +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_cores", smp_prefer_cores_test);
> +
> +    g_test_run();
> +
> +    return 0;
> +}
> -- 
> 2.19.1
>

Besides the nits, it looks good to me.

Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <[e-mail]>

Yanan Wang July 22, 2021, 6:15 a.m. UTC | #2

On 2021/7/20 2:57, Andrew Jones wrote:
> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 11:20:43AM +0800, Yanan Wang wrote:
>> Add a QEMU unit test for the parsing of given SMP configuration.
>> Since all the parsing logic is in generic function smp_parse(),
>> this test passes diffenent SMP configurations to the function
>> and compare the parsing result with what is expected.
>>
>> In the test, all possible collections of the topology parameters
>> and the corressponding expected results are listed, including the
>> valid and invalid ones.
>>
>> The preference of sockets over cores and the preference of cores
>> over sockets, and the support of multi-dies are also considered.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
>> ---
>>   MAINTAINERS                 |    1 +
>>   tests/unit/meson.build      |    1 +
>>   tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c | 1117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>   3 files changed, 1119 insertions(+)
>>   create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>>
>> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
>> index 70633e3bf4..160dba2e57 100644
>> --- a/MAINTAINERS
>> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
>> @@ -1636,6 +1636,7 @@ F: include/hw/boards.h
>>   F: include/hw/core/cpu.h
>>   F: include/hw/cpu/cluster.h
>>   F: include/sysemu/numa.h
>> +F: tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>>   T: git https://gitlab.com/ehabkost/qemu.git machine-next
>>   
>>   Xtensa Machines
>> diff --git a/tests/unit/meson.build b/tests/unit/meson.build
>> index 3e0504dd21..694a924627 100644
>> --- a/tests/unit/meson.build
>> +++ b/tests/unit/meson.build
>> @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ tests = {
>>     'test-uuid': [],
>>     'ptimer-test': ['ptimer-test-stubs.c', meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/ptimer.c'],
>>     'test-qapi-util': [],
>> +  'test-smp-parse': [qom, meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/machine-smp.c'],
>>   }
>>   
>>   if have_system or have_tools
>> diff --git a/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000..bc1d324c3d
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
>> +/*
>> + * SMP parsing unit-tests
>> + *
>> + * Copyright (C) 2021, Huawei, Inc.
>> + *
>> + * Authors:
>> + *  Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
>> + *
>> + * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
>> + * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
>> + */
>> +
>> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>> +#include "qom/object.h"
>> +#include "qemu/module.h"
>> +#include "qapi/error.h"
>> +
>> +#include "hw/boards.h"
>> +
>> +#define T true
>> +#define F false
>> +
>> +/**
>> + * SMPTestData:
>> + * @config - the given SMP configuration for parsing
>> + * @should_be_valid - whether the given configuration is supposed to be valid
>> + * @expect - the CPU topology info expected to be parsed out
>> + */
>> +typedef struct SMPTestData {
>> +    SMPConfiguration config;
>> +    bool should_be_valid;
> Long way to say 'valid'.
Indeed..., "valid" should be enough.
>> +    CpuTopology expect;
>> +} SMPTestData;
>> +
>> +/* the specific machine type info for this test */
>> +static const TypeInfo smp_machine_info = {
>> +    .name = TYPE_MACHINE,
>> +    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
>> +    .class_size = sizeof(MachineClass),
>> +    .instance_size = sizeof(MachineState),
>> +};
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * prefer sockets over cores over threads before 6.2.
>> + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
> corresponding (please run spell check on your commit messages)
>
Ok, I missed the check.
>> + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
>> + */
>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets[] = {
>> +    {
>> +        /* config: no smp configuration provided
>> +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> SMPConfiguration and CpuTopology have named fields so we could drop the
> 'expect: ...' comment line and instead do
>
>   {
>    /* no configuration provided */
>    .config = { .has_cpus = F, .has_maxcpus = F, ... },
>    .valid = T,
>    .expect = { .sockets = 1, .cores = 1, ... },
>   }, {
>    ...
>   }
>
> which may be easier to maintain. OTOH, the concise form this approach has
> is also nice.
I tried the structure initialization with explicit name fields in it 
like above,
actually we are supposed to do in this way so that we don't have to worry
about the order change of the structure members.

But this would break the 80-char line limit or introduce more lines for
for each SMP configuration. If this is not a real problem, I also prefer
above format.
> I don't think you should need the casts in the assignments
> though.
Yes, the casts may be unnecessary, will remove them.
>
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
>> +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
>> +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
>> +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    },
>> +};
>> +
>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets_support_dies[] = {
>> +    {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 1, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    },
>> +};
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * prefer cores over sockets over threads since 6.2.
>> + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
>> + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
>> + */
>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores[] = {
>> +    {
>> +        /* config: no smp configuration
>> +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
>> +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
>> +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>> +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
>> +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>> +    },
>> +};
>> +
>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores_support_dies[] = {
>> +    {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    }, {
>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>> +    },
>> +};
>> +
>> +static char *get_config_info(SMPConfiguration *config)
>> +{
>> +    return g_strdup_printf(
>> +        "(SMPConfiguration) {\n"
>> +        "    .has_cpus    = %5s, cpus    = %ld,\n"
>> +        "    .has_sockets = %5s, sockets = %ld,\n"
>> +        "    .has_dies    = %5s, dies    = %ld,\n"
>> +        "    .has_cores   = %5s, cores   = %ld,\n"
>> +        "    .has_threads = %5s, threads = %ld,\n"
>> +        "    .has_maxcpus = %5s, maxcpus = %ld,\n"
>> +        "}",
>> +        config->has_cpus ? "true" : "false", config->cpus,
>> +        config->has_sockets ? "true" : "false", config->sockets,
>> +        config->has_dies ? "true" : "false", config->dies,
>> +        config->has_cores ? "true" : "false", config->cores,
>> +        config->has_threads ? "true" : "false", config->threads,
>> +        config->has_maxcpus ? "true" : "false", config->maxcpus);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static char *get_topo_info(CpuTopology *topo)
>> +{
>> +    return g_strdup_printf(
>> +        "(CpuTopology) {\n"
>> +        "    .cpus     = %u,\n"
>> +        "    .sockets  = %u,\n"
>> +        "    .dies     = %u,\n"
>> +        "    .cores    = %u,\n"
>> +        "    .threads  = %u,\n"
>> +        "    .max_cpus = %u,\n"
>> +        "}",
>> +        topo->cpus, topo->sockets, topo->dies,
>> +        topo->cores, topo->threads, topo->max_cpus);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void check_smp_parse(MachineState *ms, SMPTestData *data)
>> +{
>> +    SMPConfiguration *config = &data->config;
>> +    CpuTopology *expect = &data->expect;
>> +    g_autofree char *config_info = NULL;
>> +    g_autofree char *expect_info = NULL;
>> +    g_autofree char *result_info = NULL;
>> +    Error *err = NULL;
>> +
>> +    /* call the generic parser smp_parse() in hw/core/machine-smp.c */
>> +    smp_parse(ms, config, &err);
>> +
>> +    if (data->should_be_valid) {
>> +        if ((err == NULL) &&
>> +            (ms->smp.cpus == expect->cpus) &&
>> +            (ms->smp.sockets == expect->sockets) &&
>> +            (ms->smp.dies == expect->dies) &&
>> +            (ms->smp.cores == expect->cores) &&
>> +            (ms->smp.threads == expect->threads) &&
>> +            (ms->smp.max_cpus == expect->max_cpus)) {
>> +            return;
>> +        }
>> +
>> +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
>> +        expect_info = get_topo_info(expect);
>> +
>> +        if (err != NULL) {
>> +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
>> +                       "config: %s\n"
>> +                       "expect: %s\n"
>> +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
>> +                       "result_is_valid: no\n"
>> +                       "error_msg: %s\n",
>> +                       config_info, expect_info, error_get_pretty(err));
>> +            error_free(err);
>> +        } else {
>> +            result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
>> +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
>> +                       "config: %s\n"
>> +                       "expect: %s\n"
>> +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
>> +                       "result_is_valid: yes\n"
>> +                       "result: %s\n",
>> +                       config_info, expect_info, result_info);
>> +        }
>> +    } else {
>> +        if (err != NULL) {
>> +            error_free(err);
>> +            return;
>> +        }
>> +
>> +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
>> +        result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
>> +
>> +        g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
>> +                   "config: %s\n"
>> +                   "should_be_valid: no\n\n"
>> +                   "result_is_valid: yes\n"
>> +                   "result: %s\n",
>> +                   config_info, result_info);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    abort();
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void smp_prefer_sockets_test(void)
>> +{
>> +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
>> +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
>> +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
>> +    int i;
>> +
>> +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
>> +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
>> +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
>> +
>> +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = true;
>> +
>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets); i++) {
>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets[i]);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets_support_dies); i++) {
>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets_support_dies[i]);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    object_unref(obj);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void smp_prefer_cores_test(void)
>> +{
>> +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
>> +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
>> +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
>> +    int i;
>> +
>> +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
>> +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
>> +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
>> +
>> +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = false;
>> +
>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores); i++) {
>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores[i]);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores_support_dies); i++) {
>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores_support_dies[i]);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    object_unref(obj);
>> +}
>> +
>> +int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>> +{
>> +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
>> +
>> +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
>> +    type_register_static(&smp_machine_info);
>> +
>> +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_sockets", smp_prefer_sockets_test);
>> +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_cores", smp_prefer_cores_test);
>> +
>> +    g_test_run();
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +}
>> -- 
>> 2.19.1
>>
> Besides the nits, it looks good to me.
>
> Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <[e-mail]>
>
Thanks,
Yanan
.
> .

Andrew Jones July 22, 2021, 1:12 p.m. UTC | #3

On Thu, Jul 22, 2021 at 02:15:18PM +0800, wangyanan (Y) wrote:
> On 2021/7/20 2:57, Andrew Jones wrote:
> > On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 11:20:43AM +0800, Yanan Wang wrote:
> > > Add a QEMU unit test for the parsing of given SMP configuration.
> > > Since all the parsing logic is in generic function smp_parse(),
> > > this test passes diffenent SMP configurations to the function
> > > and compare the parsing result with what is expected.
> > > 
> > > In the test, all possible collections of the topology parameters
> > > and the corressponding expected results are listed, including the
> > > valid and invalid ones.
> > > 
> > > The preference of sockets over cores and the preference of cores
> > > over sockets, and the support of multi-dies are also considered.
> > > 
> > > Signed-off-by: Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
> > > ---
> > >   MAINTAINERS                 |    1 +
> > >   tests/unit/meson.build      |    1 +
> > >   tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c | 1117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > >   3 files changed, 1119 insertions(+)
> > >   create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> > > 
> > > diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> > > index 70633e3bf4..160dba2e57 100644
> > > --- a/MAINTAINERS
> > > +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> > > @@ -1636,6 +1636,7 @@ F: include/hw/boards.h
> > >   F: include/hw/core/cpu.h
> > >   F: include/hw/cpu/cluster.h
> > >   F: include/sysemu/numa.h
> > > +F: tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> > >   T: git https://gitlab.com/ehabkost/qemu.git machine-next
> > >   Xtensa Machines
> > > diff --git a/tests/unit/meson.build b/tests/unit/meson.build
> > > index 3e0504dd21..694a924627 100644
> > > --- a/tests/unit/meson.build
> > > +++ b/tests/unit/meson.build
> > > @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ tests = {
> > >     'test-uuid': [],
> > >     'ptimer-test': ['ptimer-test-stubs.c', meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/ptimer.c'],
> > >     'test-qapi-util': [],
> > > +  'test-smp-parse': [qom, meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/machine-smp.c'],
> > >   }
> > >   if have_system or have_tools
> > > diff --git a/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 0000000000..bc1d324c3d
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
> > > +/*
> > > + * SMP parsing unit-tests
> > > + *
> > > + * Copyright (C) 2021, Huawei, Inc.
> > > + *
> > > + * Authors:
> > > + *  Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
> > > + *
> > > + * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
> > > + * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
> > > + */
> > > +
> > > +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> > > +#include "qom/object.h"
> > > +#include "qemu/module.h"
> > > +#include "qapi/error.h"
> > > +
> > > +#include "hw/boards.h"
> > > +
> > > +#define T true
> > > +#define F false
> > > +
> > > +/**
> > > + * SMPTestData:
> > > + * @config - the given SMP configuration for parsing
> > > + * @should_be_valid - whether the given configuration is supposed to be valid
> > > + * @expect - the CPU topology info expected to be parsed out
> > > + */
> > > +typedef struct SMPTestData {
> > > +    SMPConfiguration config;
> > > +    bool should_be_valid;
> > Long way to say 'valid'.
> Indeed..., "valid" should be enough.
> > > +    CpuTopology expect;
> > > +} SMPTestData;
> > > +
> > > +/* the specific machine type info for this test */
> > > +static const TypeInfo smp_machine_info = {
> > > +    .name = TYPE_MACHINE,
> > > +    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
> > > +    .class_size = sizeof(MachineClass),
> > > +    .instance_size = sizeof(MachineState),
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +/*
> > > + * prefer sockets over cores over threads before 6.2.
> > > + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
> > corresponding (please run spell check on your commit messages)
> > 
> Ok, I missed the check.
> > > + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
> > > + */
> > > +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets[] = {
> > > +    {
> > > +        /* config: no smp configuration provided
> > > +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > SMPConfiguration and CpuTopology have named fields so we could drop the
> > 'expect: ...' comment line and instead do
> > 
> >   {
> >    /* no configuration provided */
> >    .config = { .has_cpus = F, .has_maxcpus = F, ... },
> >    .valid = T,
> >    .expect = { .sockets = 1, .cores = 1, ... },
> >   }, {
> >    ...
> >   }
> > 
> > which may be easier to maintain. OTOH, the concise form this approach has
> > is also nice.
> I tried the structure initialization with explicit name fields in it like
> above,
> actually we are supposed to do in this way so that we don't have to worry
> about the order change of the structure members.
> 
> But this would break the 80-char line limit or introduce more lines for

I wouldn't worry about 80-char (or even 90, which is when checkpatch
switches from a warning to an error) for something like this, but that's
just my opinion. You'd have to get agreement from whomever would decide /
not decide to merge this.

Thanks,
drew

> for each SMP configuration. If this is not a real problem, I also prefer
> above format.
> > I don't think you should need the casts in the assignments
> > though.
> Yes, the casts may be unnecessary, will remove them.
> > 
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
> > > +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
> > > +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    },
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets_support_dies[] = {
> > > +    {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 1, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    },
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +/*
> > > + * prefer cores over sockets over threads since 6.2.
> > > + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
> > > + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
> > > + */
> > > +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores[] = {
> > > +    {
> > > +        /* config: no smp configuration
> > > +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
> > > +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
> > > +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
> > > +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
> > > +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = false,
> > > +    },
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores_support_dies[] = {
> > > +    {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    }, {
> > > +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
> > > +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
> > > +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
> > > +        .should_be_valid = true,
> > > +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
> > > +    },
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +static char *get_config_info(SMPConfiguration *config)
> > > +{
> > > +    return g_strdup_printf(
> > > +        "(SMPConfiguration) {\n"
> > > +        "    .has_cpus    = %5s, cpus    = %ld,\n"
> > > +        "    .has_sockets = %5s, sockets = %ld,\n"
> > > +        "    .has_dies    = %5s, dies    = %ld,\n"
> > > +        "    .has_cores   = %5s, cores   = %ld,\n"
> > > +        "    .has_threads = %5s, threads = %ld,\n"
> > > +        "    .has_maxcpus = %5s, maxcpus = %ld,\n"
> > > +        "}",
> > > +        config->has_cpus ? "true" : "false", config->cpus,
> > > +        config->has_sockets ? "true" : "false", config->sockets,
> > > +        config->has_dies ? "true" : "false", config->dies,
> > > +        config->has_cores ? "true" : "false", config->cores,
> > > +        config->has_threads ? "true" : "false", config->threads,
> > > +        config->has_maxcpus ? "true" : "false", config->maxcpus);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static char *get_topo_info(CpuTopology *topo)
> > > +{
> > > +    return g_strdup_printf(
> > > +        "(CpuTopology) {\n"
> > > +        "    .cpus     = %u,\n"
> > > +        "    .sockets  = %u,\n"
> > > +        "    .dies     = %u,\n"
> > > +        "    .cores    = %u,\n"
> > > +        "    .threads  = %u,\n"
> > > +        "    .max_cpus = %u,\n"
> > > +        "}",
> > > +        topo->cpus, topo->sockets, topo->dies,
> > > +        topo->cores, topo->threads, topo->max_cpus);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static void check_smp_parse(MachineState *ms, SMPTestData *data)
> > > +{
> > > +    SMPConfiguration *config = &data->config;
> > > +    CpuTopology *expect = &data->expect;
> > > +    g_autofree char *config_info = NULL;
> > > +    g_autofree char *expect_info = NULL;
> > > +    g_autofree char *result_info = NULL;
> > > +    Error *err = NULL;
> > > +
> > > +    /* call the generic parser smp_parse() in hw/core/machine-smp.c */
> > > +    smp_parse(ms, config, &err);
> > > +
> > > +    if (data->should_be_valid) {
> > > +        if ((err == NULL) &&
> > > +            (ms->smp.cpus == expect->cpus) &&
> > > +            (ms->smp.sockets == expect->sockets) &&
> > > +            (ms->smp.dies == expect->dies) &&
> > > +            (ms->smp.cores == expect->cores) &&
> > > +            (ms->smp.threads == expect->threads) &&
> > > +            (ms->smp.max_cpus == expect->max_cpus)) {
> > > +            return;
> > > +        }
> > > +
> > > +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
> > > +        expect_info = get_topo_info(expect);
> > > +
> > > +        if (err != NULL) {
> > > +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
> > > +                       "config: %s\n"
> > > +                       "expect: %s\n"
> > > +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
> > > +                       "result_is_valid: no\n"
> > > +                       "error_msg: %s\n",
> > > +                       config_info, expect_info, error_get_pretty(err));
> > > +            error_free(err);
> > > +        } else {
> > > +            result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
> > > +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
> > > +                       "config: %s\n"
> > > +                       "expect: %s\n"
> > > +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
> > > +                       "result_is_valid: yes\n"
> > > +                       "result: %s\n",
> > > +                       config_info, expect_info, result_info);
> > > +        }
> > > +    } else {
> > > +        if (err != NULL) {
> > > +            error_free(err);
> > > +            return;
> > > +        }
> > > +
> > > +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
> > > +        result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
> > > +
> > > +        g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
> > > +                   "config: %s\n"
> > > +                   "should_be_valid: no\n\n"
> > > +                   "result_is_valid: yes\n"
> > > +                   "result: %s\n",
> > > +                   config_info, result_info);
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    abort();
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static void smp_prefer_sockets_test(void)
> > > +{
> > > +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
> > > +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
> > > +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
> > > +    int i;
> > > +
> > > +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
> > > +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
> > > +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
> > > +
> > > +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = true;
> > > +
> > > +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
> > > +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
> > > +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets); i++) {
> > > +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets[i]);
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
> > > +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
> > > +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets_support_dies); i++) {
> > > +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets_support_dies[i]);
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    object_unref(obj);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static void smp_prefer_cores_test(void)
> > > +{
> > > +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
> > > +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
> > > +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
> > > +    int i;
> > > +
> > > +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
> > > +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
> > > +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
> > > +
> > > +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = false;
> > > +
> > > +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
> > > +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
> > > +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores); i++) {
> > > +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores[i]);
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
> > > +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
> > > +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores_support_dies); i++) {
> > > +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores_support_dies[i]);
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    object_unref(obj);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> > > +{
> > > +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
> > > +
> > > +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
> > > +    type_register_static(&smp_machine_info);
> > > +
> > > +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_sockets", smp_prefer_sockets_test);
> > > +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_cores", smp_prefer_cores_test);
> > > +
> > > +    g_test_run();
> > > +
> > > +    return 0;
> > > +}
> > > -- 
> > > 2.19.1
> > > 
> > Besides the nits, it looks good to me.
> > 
> > Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <[e-mail]>
> > 
> Thanks,
> Yanan
> .
> > .
>

Yanan Wang July 22, 2021, 2:18 p.m. UTC | #4

On 2021/7/22 21:12, Andrew Jones wrote:
> On Thu, Jul 22, 2021 at 02:15:18PM +0800, wangyanan (Y) wrote:
>> On 2021/7/20 2:57, Andrew Jones wrote:
>>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 11:20:43AM +0800, Yanan Wang wrote:
>>>> Add a QEMU unit test for the parsing of given SMP configuration.
>>>> Since all the parsing logic is in generic function smp_parse(),
>>>> this test passes diffenent SMP configurations to the function
>>>> and compare the parsing result with what is expected.
>>>>
>>>> In the test, all possible collections of the topology parameters
>>>> and the corressponding expected results are listed, including the
>>>> valid and invalid ones.
>>>>
>>>> The preference of sockets over cores and the preference of cores
>>>> over sockets, and the support of multi-dies are also considered.
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
>>>> ---
>>>>    MAINTAINERS                 |    1 +
>>>>    tests/unit/meson.build      |    1 +
>>>>    tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c | 1117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>>    3 files changed, 1119 insertions(+)
>>>>    create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
>>>> index 70633e3bf4..160dba2e57 100644
>>>> --- a/MAINTAINERS
>>>> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
>>>> @@ -1636,6 +1636,7 @@ F: include/hw/boards.h
>>>>    F: include/hw/core/cpu.h
>>>>    F: include/hw/cpu/cluster.h
>>>>    F: include/sysemu/numa.h
>>>> +F: tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>>>>    T: git https://gitlab.com/ehabkost/qemu.git machine-next
>>>>    Xtensa Machines
>>>> diff --git a/tests/unit/meson.build b/tests/unit/meson.build
>>>> index 3e0504dd21..694a924627 100644
>>>> --- a/tests/unit/meson.build
>>>> +++ b/tests/unit/meson.build
>>>> @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ tests = {
>>>>      'test-uuid': [],
>>>>      'ptimer-test': ['ptimer-test-stubs.c', meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/ptimer.c'],
>>>>      'test-qapi-util': [],
>>>> +  'test-smp-parse': [qom, meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/machine-smp.c'],
>>>>    }
>>>>    if have_system or have_tools
>>>> diff --git a/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>>>> new file mode 100644
>>>> index 0000000000..bc1d324c3d
>>>> --- /dev/null
>>>> +++ b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
>>>> @@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
>>>> +/*
>>>> + * SMP parsing unit-tests
>>>> + *
>>>> + * Copyright (C) 2021, Huawei, Inc.
>>>> + *
>>>> + * Authors:
>>>> + *  Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
>>>> + *
>>>> + * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
>>>> + * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
>>>> + */
>>>> +
>>>> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>>>> +#include "qom/object.h"
>>>> +#include "qemu/module.h"
>>>> +#include "qapi/error.h"
>>>> +
>>>> +#include "hw/boards.h"
>>>> +
>>>> +#define T true
>>>> +#define F false
>>>> +
>>>> +/**
>>>> + * SMPTestData:
>>>> + * @config - the given SMP configuration for parsing
>>>> + * @should_be_valid - whether the given configuration is supposed to be valid
>>>> + * @expect - the CPU topology info expected to be parsed out
>>>> + */
>>>> +typedef struct SMPTestData {
>>>> +    SMPConfiguration config;
>>>> +    bool should_be_valid;
>>> Long way to say 'valid'.
>> Indeed..., "valid" should be enough.
>>>> +    CpuTopology expect;
>>>> +} SMPTestData;
>>>> +
>>>> +/* the specific machine type info for this test */
>>>> +static const TypeInfo smp_machine_info = {
>>>> +    .name = TYPE_MACHINE,
>>>> +    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
>>>> +    .class_size = sizeof(MachineClass),
>>>> +    .instance_size = sizeof(MachineState),
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +/*
>>>> + * prefer sockets over cores over threads before 6.2.
>>>> + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
>>> corresponding (please run spell check on your commit messages)
>>>
>> Ok, I missed the check.
>>>> + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
>>>> + */
>>>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets[] = {
>>>> +    {
>>>> +        /* config: no smp configuration provided
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>> SMPConfiguration and CpuTopology have named fields so we could drop the
>>> 'expect: ...' comment line and instead do
>>>
>>>    {
>>>     /* no configuration provided */
>>>     .config = { .has_cpus = F, .has_maxcpus = F, ... },
>>>     .valid = T,
>>>     .expect = { .sockets = 1, .cores = 1, ... },
>>>    }, {
>>>     ...
>>>    }
>>>
>>> which may be easier to maintain. OTOH, the concise form this approach has
>>> is also nice.
>> I tried the structure initialization with explicit name fields in it like
>> above,
>> actually we are supposed to do in this way so that we don't have to worry
>> about the order change of the structure members.
>>
>> But this would break the 80-char line limit or introduce more lines for
> I wouldn't worry about 80-char (or even 90, which is when checkpatch
> switches from a warning to an error) for something like this, but that's
> just my opinion. You'd have to get agreement from whomever would decide /
> not decide to merge this.
>
Ok, I think I will try the format with explicit name fields.

Thanks,
Yanan
>
>> for each SMP configuration. If this is not a real problem, I also prefer
>> above format.
>>> I don't think you should need the casts in the assignments
>>> though.
>> Yes, the casts may be unnecessary, will remove them.
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
>>>> +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
>>>> +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    },
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets_support_dies[] = {
>>>> +    {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 1, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    },
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +/*
>>>> + * prefer cores over sockets over threads since 6.2.
>>>> + * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
>>>> + * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
>>>> + */
>>>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores[] = {
>>>> +    {
>>>> +        /* config: no smp configuration
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
>>>> +         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
>>>> +         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
>>>> +         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
>>>> +         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = false,
>>>> +    },
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores_support_dies[] = {
>>>> +    {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    }, {
>>>> +        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
>>>> +         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
>>>> +        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
>>>> +        .should_be_valid = true,
>>>> +        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
>>>> +    },
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +static char *get_config_info(SMPConfiguration *config)
>>>> +{
>>>> +    return g_strdup_printf(
>>>> +        "(SMPConfiguration) {\n"
>>>> +        "    .has_cpus    = %5s, cpus    = %ld,\n"
>>>> +        "    .has_sockets = %5s, sockets = %ld,\n"
>>>> +        "    .has_dies    = %5s, dies    = %ld,\n"
>>>> +        "    .has_cores   = %5s, cores   = %ld,\n"
>>>> +        "    .has_threads = %5s, threads = %ld,\n"
>>>> +        "    .has_maxcpus = %5s, maxcpus = %ld,\n"
>>>> +        "}",
>>>> +        config->has_cpus ? "true" : "false", config->cpus,
>>>> +        config->has_sockets ? "true" : "false", config->sockets,
>>>> +        config->has_dies ? "true" : "false", config->dies,
>>>> +        config->has_cores ? "true" : "false", config->cores,
>>>> +        config->has_threads ? "true" : "false", config->threads,
>>>> +        config->has_maxcpus ? "true" : "false", config->maxcpus);
>>>> +}
>>>> +
>>>> +static char *get_topo_info(CpuTopology *topo)
>>>> +{
>>>> +    return g_strdup_printf(
>>>> +        "(CpuTopology) {\n"
>>>> +        "    .cpus     = %u,\n"
>>>> +        "    .sockets  = %u,\n"
>>>> +        "    .dies     = %u,\n"
>>>> +        "    .cores    = %u,\n"
>>>> +        "    .threads  = %u,\n"
>>>> +        "    .max_cpus = %u,\n"
>>>> +        "}",
>>>> +        topo->cpus, topo->sockets, topo->dies,
>>>> +        topo->cores, topo->threads, topo->max_cpus);
>>>> +}
>>>> +
>>>> +static void check_smp_parse(MachineState *ms, SMPTestData *data)
>>>> +{
>>>> +    SMPConfiguration *config = &data->config;
>>>> +    CpuTopology *expect = &data->expect;
>>>> +    g_autofree char *config_info = NULL;
>>>> +    g_autofree char *expect_info = NULL;
>>>> +    g_autofree char *result_info = NULL;
>>>> +    Error *err = NULL;
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* call the generic parser smp_parse() in hw/core/machine-smp.c */
>>>> +    smp_parse(ms, config, &err);
>>>> +
>>>> +    if (data->should_be_valid) {
>>>> +        if ((err == NULL) &&
>>>> +            (ms->smp.cpus == expect->cpus) &&
>>>> +            (ms->smp.sockets == expect->sockets) &&
>>>> +            (ms->smp.dies == expect->dies) &&
>>>> +            (ms->smp.cores == expect->cores) &&
>>>> +            (ms->smp.threads == expect->threads) &&
>>>> +            (ms->smp.max_cpus == expect->max_cpus)) {
>>>> +            return;
>>>> +        }
>>>> +
>>>> +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
>>>> +        expect_info = get_topo_info(expect);
>>>> +
>>>> +        if (err != NULL) {
>>>> +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
>>>> +                       "config: %s\n"
>>>> +                       "expect: %s\n"
>>>> +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
>>>> +                       "result_is_valid: no\n"
>>>> +                       "error_msg: %s\n",
>>>> +                       config_info, expect_info, error_get_pretty(err));
>>>> +            error_free(err);
>>>> +        } else {
>>>> +            result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
>>>> +            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
>>>> +                       "config: %s\n"
>>>> +                       "expect: %s\n"
>>>> +                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
>>>> +                       "result_is_valid: yes\n"
>>>> +                       "result: %s\n",
>>>> +                       config_info, expect_info, result_info);
>>>> +        }
>>>> +    } else {
>>>> +        if (err != NULL) {
>>>> +            error_free(err);
>>>> +            return;
>>>> +        }
>>>> +
>>>> +        config_info = get_config_info(config);
>>>> +        result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
>>>> +
>>>> +        g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
>>>> +                   "config: %s\n"
>>>> +                   "should_be_valid: no\n\n"
>>>> +                   "result_is_valid: yes\n"
>>>> +                   "result: %s\n",
>>>> +                   config_info, result_info);
>>>> +    }
>>>> +
>>>> +    abort();
>>>> +}
>>>> +
>>>> +static void smp_prefer_sockets_test(void)
>>>> +{
>>>> +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
>>>> +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
>>>> +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
>>>> +    int i;
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
>>>> +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
>>>> +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
>>>> +
>>>> +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = true;
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
>>>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
>>>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets); i++) {
>>>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets[i]);
>>>> +    }
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
>>>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
>>>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets_support_dies); i++) {
>>>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets_support_dies[i]);
>>>> +    }
>>>> +
>>>> +    object_unref(obj);
>>>> +}
>>>> +
>>>> +static void smp_prefer_cores_test(void)
>>>> +{
>>>> +    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
>>>> +    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
>>>> +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
>>>> +    int i;
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* make sure that we have created the object */
>>>> +    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
>>>> +    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
>>>> +
>>>> +    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = false;
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
>>>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
>>>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores); i++) {
>>>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores[i]);
>>>> +    }
>>>> +
>>>> +    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
>>>> +    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
>>>> +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores_support_dies); i++) {
>>>> +        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores_support_dies[i]);
>>>> +    }
>>>> +
>>>> +    object_unref(obj);
>>>> +}
>>>> +
>>>> +int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>>>> +{
>>>> +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
>>>> +
>>>> +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
>>>> +    type_register_static(&smp_machine_info);
>>>> +
>>>> +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_sockets", smp_prefer_sockets_test);
>>>> +    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_cores", smp_prefer_cores_test);
>>>> +
>>>> +    g_test_run();
>>>> +
>>>> +    return 0;
>>>> +}
>>>> -- 
>>>> 2.19.1
>>>>
>>> Besides the nits, it looks good to me.
>>>
>>> Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <[e-mail]>
>>>
>> Thanks,
>> Yanan
>> .
>>> .
> .

Patch

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 70633e3bf4..160dba2e57 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -1636,6 +1636,7 @@  F: include/hw/boards.h
 F: include/hw/core/cpu.h
 F: include/hw/cpu/cluster.h
 F: include/sysemu/numa.h
+F: tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
 T: git https://gitlab.com/ehabkost/qemu.git machine-next
 
 Xtensa Machines
diff --git a/tests/unit/meson.build b/tests/unit/meson.build
index 3e0504dd21..694a924627 100644
--- a/tests/unit/meson.build
+++ b/tests/unit/meson.build
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@  tests = {
   'test-uuid': [],
   'ptimer-test': ['ptimer-test-stubs.c', meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/ptimer.c'],
   'test-qapi-util': [],
+  'test-smp-parse': [qom, meson.source_root() / 'hw/core/machine-smp.c'],
 }
 
 if have_system or have_tools
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc1d324c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test-smp-parse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@ 
+/*
+ * SMP parsing unit-tests
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021, Huawei, Inc.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Yanan Wang <[e-mail]>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+
+#include "hw/boards.h"
+
+#define T true
+#define F false
+
+/**
+ * SMPTestData:
+ * @config - the given SMP configuration for parsing
+ * @should_be_valid - whether the given configuration is supposed to be valid
+ * @expect - the CPU topology info expected to be parsed out
+ */
+typedef struct SMPTestData {
+    SMPConfiguration config;
+    bool should_be_valid;
+    CpuTopology expect;
+} SMPTestData;
+
+/* the specific machine type info for this test */
+static const TypeInfo smp_machine_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_MACHINE,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .class_size = sizeof(MachineClass),
+    .instance_size = sizeof(MachineState),
+};
+
+/*
+ * prefer sockets over cores over threads before 6.2.
+ * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
+ * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
+ */
+static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets[] = {
+    {
+        /* config: no smp configuration provided
+         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2
+         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=16,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 16, 1, 1, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=8,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 8, 1, 1, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
+         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
+         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
+         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    },
+};
+
+static struct SMPTestData prefer_sockets_support_dies[] = {
+    {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 1, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=16,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 16, 2, 1, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=8,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 8, 2, 1, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    },
+};
+
+/*
+ * prefer cores over sockets over threads since 6.2.
+ * all possible SMP configurations and the corressponding expected outputs
+ * are listed for testing, including the valid and invalid ones.
+ */
+static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores[] = {
+    {
+        /* config: no smp configuration
+         * expect: cpus=1,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=1 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2
+         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=2 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 16, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 8, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 4, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=4,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 4, 1, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=1,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 1, 8, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=1
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, F, 0, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 1, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 0, T, 2, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,dies=1,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=0
+         * expect: error, "anything=0" is not allowed */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, T, 1, T, 4, T, 2, T, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,dies=2
+         * expect: error, multi-dies not supported */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=8
+         * expect: error, sum (16) != max_cpus (8) */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 8, T, 2, F, 0, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=5,threads=2,maxcpus=16
+         * expect: error, sum (20) != max_cpus (16) */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 3, F, 0, T, 5, T, 1, T, 16 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,maxcpus=12
+         * expect: error, sum (12) < smp_cpus (16) */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0, T, 12 },
+        .should_be_valid = false,
+    },
+};
+
+static struct SMPTestData prefer_cores_support_dies[] = {
+    {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=2,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=2 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=1,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=4,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=4 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=16,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 16, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=8,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=1,threads=2,maxcpus=8 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 8, 2, 2, 1, 2, 8 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=8,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 8, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 4, 2, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=4,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 4, 2, 4, 1, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=1,dies=2,cores=8,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 1, 2, 8, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=1,maxcpus=16 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 1, F, 0 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 1, 16 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, F, 0, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, F, 0, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, F, 0, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: -smp 32,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { F, 0, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 32, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    }, {
+        /* config: -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32
+         * expect: cpus=16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=4,threads=2,maxcpus=32 */
+        .config = (SMPConfiguration) { T, 16, T, 2, T, 2, T, 4, T, 2, T, 32 },
+        .should_be_valid = true,
+        .expect = (CpuTopology) { 16, 2, 2, 4, 2, 32 },
+    },
+};
+
+static char *get_config_info(SMPConfiguration *config)
+{
+    return g_strdup_printf(
+        "(SMPConfiguration) {\n"
+        "    .has_cpus    = %5s, cpus    = %ld,\n"
+        "    .has_sockets = %5s, sockets = %ld,\n"
+        "    .has_dies    = %5s, dies    = %ld,\n"
+        "    .has_cores   = %5s, cores   = %ld,\n"
+        "    .has_threads = %5s, threads = %ld,\n"
+        "    .has_maxcpus = %5s, maxcpus = %ld,\n"
+        "}",
+        config->has_cpus ? "true" : "false", config->cpus,
+        config->has_sockets ? "true" : "false", config->sockets,
+        config->has_dies ? "true" : "false", config->dies,
+        config->has_cores ? "true" : "false", config->cores,
+        config->has_threads ? "true" : "false", config->threads,
+        config->has_maxcpus ? "true" : "false", config->maxcpus);
+}
+
+static char *get_topo_info(CpuTopology *topo)
+{
+    return g_strdup_printf(
+        "(CpuTopology) {\n"
+        "    .cpus     = %u,\n"
+        "    .sockets  = %u,\n"
+        "    .dies     = %u,\n"
+        "    .cores    = %u,\n"
+        "    .threads  = %u,\n"
+        "    .max_cpus = %u,\n"
+        "}",
+        topo->cpus, topo->sockets, topo->dies,
+        topo->cores, topo->threads, topo->max_cpus);
+}
+
+static void check_smp_parse(MachineState *ms, SMPTestData *data)
+{
+    SMPConfiguration *config = &data->config;
+    CpuTopology *expect = &data->expect;
+    g_autofree char *config_info = NULL;
+    g_autofree char *expect_info = NULL;
+    g_autofree char *result_info = NULL;
+    Error *err = NULL;
+
+    /* call the generic parser smp_parse() in hw/core/machine-smp.c */
+    smp_parse(ms, config, &err);
+
+    if (data->should_be_valid) {
+        if ((err == NULL) &&
+            (ms->smp.cpus == expect->cpus) &&
+            (ms->smp.sockets == expect->sockets) &&
+            (ms->smp.dies == expect->dies) &&
+            (ms->smp.cores == expect->cores) &&
+            (ms->smp.threads == expect->threads) &&
+            (ms->smp.max_cpus == expect->max_cpus)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        config_info = get_config_info(config);
+        expect_info = get_topo_info(expect);
+
+        if (err != NULL) {
+            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
+                       "config: %s\n"
+                       "expect: %s\n"
+                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
+                       "result_is_valid: no\n"
+                       "error_msg: %s\n",
+                       config_info, expect_info, error_get_pretty(err));
+            error_free(err);
+        } else {
+            result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
+            g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
+                       "config: %s\n"
+                       "expect: %s\n"
+                       "should_be_valid: yes\n\n"
+                       "result_is_valid: yes\n"
+                       "result: %s\n",
+                       config_info, expect_info, result_info);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (err != NULL) {
+            error_free(err);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        config_info = get_config_info(config);
+        result_info = get_topo_info(&ms->smp);
+
+        g_printerr("Check smp_parse failed:\n"
+                   "config: %s\n"
+                   "should_be_valid: no\n\n"
+                   "result_is_valid: yes\n"
+                   "result: %s\n",
+                   config_info, result_info);
+    }
+
+    abort();
+}
+
+static void smp_prefer_sockets_test(void)
+{
+    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
+    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    int i;
+
+    /* make sure that we have created the object */
+    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
+    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
+
+    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = true;
+
+    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
+    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets); i++) {
+        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets[i]);
+    }
+
+    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
+    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_sockets_support_dies); i++) {
+        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_sockets_support_dies[i]);
+    }
+
+    object_unref(obj);
+}
+
+static void smp_prefer_cores_test(void)
+{
+    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_MACHINE);
+    MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    int i;
+
+    /* make sure that we have created the object */
+    g_assert_nonnull(ms);
+    g_assert_nonnull(mc);
+
+    mc->smp_prefer_sockets = false;
+
+    /* test cases when multi-dies are not supported */
+    mc->smp_dies_supported = false;
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores); i++) {
+        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores[i]);
+    }
+
+    /* test cases when multi-dies are supported */
+    mc->smp_dies_supported = true;
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefer_cores_support_dies); i++) {
+        check_smp_parse(ms, &prefer_cores_support_dies[i]);
+    }
+
+    object_unref(obj);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+
+    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
+    type_register_static(&smp_machine_info);
+
+    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_sockets", smp_prefer_sockets_test);
+    g_test_add_func("/test-smp-parse/prefer_cores", smp_prefer_cores_test);
+
+    g_test_run();
+
+    return 0;
+}