| Message ID | 20230622035126.4130151-8-terry.bowman@amd.com |
|---|---|
| State | Superseded |
| Headers | show |
| Series | cxl/pci: Add support for RCH RAS error handling | expand |
On Wed, 21 Jun 2023 22:51:06 -0500 Terry Bowman <terry.bowman@amd.com> wrote: > From: Robert Richter <rrichter@amd.com> > > The corresponding device of a register mapping is used for devm > operations and logging. For operations with struct cxl_register_map > the device needs to be kept track separately. To simpify the involved > function interfaces, add @dev to cxl_register_map. > > While at it also reorder function arguments of cxl_map_device_regs() > and cxl_map_component_regs() to have the object @cxl_register_map > first. > > In a result a bunch of functions are available to be used with a As a result? Not quite sure what this sentence means.. > @cxl_register_map object. > > This patch is in preparation of reworking the component register setup > code. > > Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <rrichter@amd.com> > Signed-off-by: Terry Bowman <terry.bowman@amd.com> I've no strong opinion on the reordering though I slightly prefer it as you have it after this. Will let Dan comment on whether he likes that or not. Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com> > --- > drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c | 4 ++-- > drivers/cxl/core/regs.c | 18 ++++++++++++------ > drivers/cxl/cxl.h | 10 ++++++---- > drivers/cxl/pci.c | 23 +++++++++++------------ > 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c b/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c > index 7889ff203a34..5abfa9276dac 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c > +++ b/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c > @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ static int map_hdm_decoder_regs(struct cxl_port *port, void __iomem *crb, > struct cxl_component_regs *regs) > { > struct cxl_register_map map = { > + .dev = &port->dev, > .resource = port->component_reg_phys, > .base = crb, > .max_size = CXL_COMPONENT_REG_BLOCK_SIZE, > @@ -97,8 +98,7 @@ static int map_hdm_decoder_regs(struct cxl_port *port, void __iomem *crb, > return -ENODEV; > } > > - return cxl_map_component_regs(&port->dev, regs, &map, > - BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_HDM)); > + return cxl_map_component_regs(&map, regs, BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_HDM)); > } > > static bool should_emulate_decoders(struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info *info) > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c b/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c > index 6c4b33133918..713e4a9ca35a 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c > +++ b/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c > @@ -199,9 +199,11 @@ void __iomem *devm_cxl_iomap_block(struct device *dev, resource_size_t addr, > return ret_val; > } > > -int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map, unsigned long map_mask) > +int cxl_map_component_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > + unsigned long map_mask) > { > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > struct mapinfo { > struct cxl_reg_map *rmap; > void __iomem **addr; > @@ -231,10 +233,10 @@ int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(cxl_map_component_regs, CXL); > > -int cxl_map_device_regs(struct device *dev, > - struct cxl_device_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map) > +int cxl_map_device_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_device_regs *regs) > { > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > resource_size_t phys_addr = map->resource; > struct mapinfo { > struct cxl_reg_map *rmap; > @@ -302,7 +304,11 @@ int cxl_find_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, > u32 regloc_size, regblocks; > int regloc, i; > > - map->resource = CXL_RESOURCE_NONE; > + *map = (struct cxl_register_map) { > + .dev = &pdev->dev, > + .resource = CXL_RESOURCE_NONE, > + }; > + > regloc = pci_find_dvsec_capability(pdev, PCI_DVSEC_VENDOR_ID_CXL, > CXL_DVSEC_REG_LOCATOR); > if (!regloc) > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h > index 754cfe59ae37..bd68d5fabf21 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h > +++ b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h > @@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ struct cxl_device_reg_map { > > /** > * struct cxl_register_map - DVSEC harvested register block mapping parameters > + * @dev: device for devm operations and logging > * @base: virtual base of the register-block-BAR + @block_offset > * @resource: physical resource base of the register block > * @max_size: maximum mapping size to perform register search > @@ -239,6 +240,7 @@ struct cxl_device_reg_map { > * @device_map: cxl_reg_maps for device registers > */ > struct cxl_register_map { > + struct device *dev; > void __iomem *base; > resource_size_t resource; > resource_size_t max_size; > @@ -253,11 +255,11 @@ void cxl_probe_component_regs(struct device *dev, void __iomem *base, > struct cxl_component_reg_map *map); > void cxl_probe_device_regs(struct device *dev, void __iomem *base, > struct cxl_device_reg_map *map); > -int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map, > +int cxl_map_component_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > unsigned long map_mask); > -int cxl_map_device_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_device_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map); > +int cxl_map_device_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_device_regs *regs); > > enum cxl_regloc_type; > int cxl_find_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/pci.c b/drivers/cxl/pci.c > index 0872f2233ed0..0a89b96e6a8d 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/pci.c > +++ b/drivers/cxl/pci.c > @@ -274,9 +274,9 @@ static int cxl_pci_setup_mailbox(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds) > return 0; > } > > -static int cxl_map_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) > +static int cxl_map_regblock(struct cxl_register_map *map) > { > - struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > > map->base = ioremap(map->resource, map->max_size); > if (!map->base) { > @@ -288,18 +288,17 @@ static int cxl_map_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) > return 0; > } > > -static void cxl_unmap_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, > - struct cxl_register_map *map) > +static void cxl_unmap_regblock(struct cxl_register_map *map) > { > iounmap(map->base); > map->base = NULL; > } > > -static int cxl_probe_regs(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) > +static int cxl_probe_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map) > { > struct cxl_component_reg_map *comp_map; > struct cxl_device_reg_map *dev_map; > - struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > void __iomem *base = map->base; > > switch (map->reg_type) { > @@ -346,12 +345,12 @@ static int cxl_setup_regs(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, > if (rc) > return rc; > > - rc = cxl_map_regblock(pdev, map); > + rc = cxl_map_regblock(map); > if (rc) > return rc; > > - rc = cxl_probe_regs(pdev, map); > - cxl_unmap_regblock(pdev, map); > + rc = cxl_probe_regs(map); > + cxl_unmap_regblock(map); > > return rc; > } > @@ -688,7 +687,7 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) > if (rc) > return rc; > > - rc = cxl_map_device_regs(&pdev->dev, &cxlds->regs.device_regs, &map); > + rc = cxl_map_device_regs(&map, &cxlds->regs.device_regs); > if (rc) > return rc; > > @@ -703,8 +702,8 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) > > cxlds->component_reg_phys = map.resource; > > - rc = cxl_map_component_regs(&pdev->dev, &cxlds->regs.component, > - &map, BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_RAS)); > + rc = cxl_map_component_regs(&map, &cxlds->regs.component, > + BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_RAS)); > if (rc) > dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "Failed to map RAS capability.\n"); >
On 6/21/23 20:51, Terry Bowman wrote: > From: Robert Richter <rrichter@amd.com> > > The corresponding device of a register mapping is used for devm > operations and logging. For operations with struct cxl_register_map > the device needs to be kept track separately. To simpify the involved > function interfaces, add @dev to cxl_register_map. > > While at it also reorder function arguments of cxl_map_device_regs() > and cxl_map_component_regs() to have the object @cxl_register_map > first. > > In a result a bunch of functions are available to be used with a > @cxl_register_map object. > > This patch is in preparation of reworking the component register setup > code. > > Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <rrichter@amd.com> > Signed-off-by: Terry Bowman <terry.bowman@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> > --- > drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c | 4 ++-- > drivers/cxl/core/regs.c | 18 ++++++++++++------ > drivers/cxl/cxl.h | 10 ++++++---- > drivers/cxl/pci.c | 23 +++++++++++------------ > 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c b/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c > index 7889ff203a34..5abfa9276dac 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c > +++ b/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c > @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ static int map_hdm_decoder_regs(struct cxl_port *port, void __iomem *crb, > struct cxl_component_regs *regs) > { > struct cxl_register_map map = { > + .dev = &port->dev, > .resource = port->component_reg_phys, > .base = crb, > .max_size = CXL_COMPONENT_REG_BLOCK_SIZE, > @@ -97,8 +98,7 @@ static int map_hdm_decoder_regs(struct cxl_port *port, void __iomem *crb, > return -ENODEV; > } > > - return cxl_map_component_regs(&port->dev, regs, &map, > - BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_HDM)); > + return cxl_map_component_regs(&map, regs, BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_HDM)); > } > > static bool should_emulate_decoders(struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info *info) > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c b/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c > index 6c4b33133918..713e4a9ca35a 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c > +++ b/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c > @@ -199,9 +199,11 @@ void __iomem *devm_cxl_iomap_block(struct device *dev, resource_size_t addr, > return ret_val; > } > > -int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map, unsigned long map_mask) > +int cxl_map_component_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > + unsigned long map_mask) > { > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > struct mapinfo { > struct cxl_reg_map *rmap; > void __iomem **addr; > @@ -231,10 +233,10 @@ int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(cxl_map_component_regs, CXL); > > -int cxl_map_device_regs(struct device *dev, > - struct cxl_device_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map) > +int cxl_map_device_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_device_regs *regs) > { > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > resource_size_t phys_addr = map->resource; > struct mapinfo { > struct cxl_reg_map *rmap; > @@ -302,7 +304,11 @@ int cxl_find_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, > u32 regloc_size, regblocks; > int regloc, i; > > - map->resource = CXL_RESOURCE_NONE; > + *map = (struct cxl_register_map) { > + .dev = &pdev->dev, > + .resource = CXL_RESOURCE_NONE, > + }; > + > regloc = pci_find_dvsec_capability(pdev, PCI_DVSEC_VENDOR_ID_CXL, > CXL_DVSEC_REG_LOCATOR); > if (!regloc) > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h > index 754cfe59ae37..bd68d5fabf21 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h > +++ b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h > @@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ struct cxl_device_reg_map { > > /** > * struct cxl_register_map - DVSEC harvested register block mapping parameters > + * @dev: device for devm operations and logging > * @base: virtual base of the register-block-BAR + @block_offset > * @resource: physical resource base of the register block > * @max_size: maximum mapping size to perform register search > @@ -239,6 +240,7 @@ struct cxl_device_reg_map { > * @device_map: cxl_reg_maps for device registers > */ > struct cxl_register_map { > + struct device *dev; > void __iomem *base; > resource_size_t resource; > resource_size_t max_size; > @@ -253,11 +255,11 @@ void cxl_probe_component_regs(struct device *dev, void __iomem *base, > struct cxl_component_reg_map *map); > void cxl_probe_device_regs(struct device *dev, void __iomem *base, > struct cxl_device_reg_map *map); > -int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map, > +int cxl_map_component_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_component_regs *regs, > unsigned long map_mask); > -int cxl_map_device_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_device_regs *regs, > - struct cxl_register_map *map); > +int cxl_map_device_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, > + struct cxl_device_regs *regs); > > enum cxl_regloc_type; > int cxl_find_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, > diff --git a/drivers/cxl/pci.c b/drivers/cxl/pci.c > index 0872f2233ed0..0a89b96e6a8d 100644 > --- a/drivers/cxl/pci.c > +++ b/drivers/cxl/pci.c > @@ -274,9 +274,9 @@ static int cxl_pci_setup_mailbox(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds) > return 0; > } > > -static int cxl_map_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) > +static int cxl_map_regblock(struct cxl_register_map *map) > { > - struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > > map->base = ioremap(map->resource, map->max_size); > if (!map->base) { > @@ -288,18 +288,17 @@ static int cxl_map_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) > return 0; > } > > -static void cxl_unmap_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, > - struct cxl_register_map *map) > +static void cxl_unmap_regblock(struct cxl_register_map *map) > { > iounmap(map->base); > map->base = NULL; > } > > -static int cxl_probe_regs(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) > +static int cxl_probe_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map) > { > struct cxl_component_reg_map *comp_map; > struct cxl_device_reg_map *dev_map; > - struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; > + struct device *dev = map->dev; > void __iomem *base = map->base; > > switch (map->reg_type) { > @@ -346,12 +345,12 @@ static int cxl_setup_regs(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, > if (rc) > return rc; > > - rc = cxl_map_regblock(pdev, map); > + rc = cxl_map_regblock(map); > if (rc) > return rc; > > - rc = cxl_probe_regs(pdev, map); > - cxl_unmap_regblock(pdev, map); > + rc = cxl_probe_regs(map); > + cxl_unmap_regblock(map); > > return rc; > } > @@ -688,7 +687,7 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) > if (rc) > return rc; > > - rc = cxl_map_device_regs(&pdev->dev, &cxlds->regs.device_regs, &map); > + rc = cxl_map_device_regs(&map, &cxlds->regs.device_regs); > if (rc) > return rc; > > @@ -703,8 +702,8 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) > > cxlds->component_reg_phys = map.resource; > > - rc = cxl_map_component_regs(&pdev->dev, &cxlds->regs.component, > - &map, BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_RAS)); > + rc = cxl_map_component_regs(&map, &cxlds->regs.component, > + BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_RAS)); > if (rc) > dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "Failed to map RAS capability.\n"); >
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c b/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c index 7889ff203a34..5abfa9276dac 100644 --- a/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c +++ b/drivers/cxl/core/hdm.c @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ static int map_hdm_decoder_regs(struct cxl_port *port, void __iomem *crb, struct cxl_component_regs *regs) { struct cxl_register_map map = { + .dev = &port->dev, .resource = port->component_reg_phys, .base = crb, .max_size = CXL_COMPONENT_REG_BLOCK_SIZE, @@ -97,8 +98,7 @@ static int map_hdm_decoder_regs(struct cxl_port *port, void __iomem *crb, return -ENODEV; } - return cxl_map_component_regs(&port->dev, regs, &map, - BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_HDM)); + return cxl_map_component_regs(&map, regs, BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_HDM)); } static bool should_emulate_decoders(struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info *info) diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c b/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c index 6c4b33133918..713e4a9ca35a 100644 --- a/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c +++ b/drivers/cxl/core/regs.c @@ -199,9 +199,11 @@ void __iomem *devm_cxl_iomap_block(struct device *dev, resource_size_t addr, return ret_val; } -int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, - struct cxl_register_map *map, unsigned long map_mask) +int cxl_map_component_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, + struct cxl_component_regs *regs, + unsigned long map_mask) { + struct device *dev = map->dev; struct mapinfo { struct cxl_reg_map *rmap; void __iomem **addr; @@ -231,10 +233,10 @@ int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, } EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(cxl_map_component_regs, CXL); -int cxl_map_device_regs(struct device *dev, - struct cxl_device_regs *regs, - struct cxl_register_map *map) +int cxl_map_device_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, + struct cxl_device_regs *regs) { + struct device *dev = map->dev; resource_size_t phys_addr = map->resource; struct mapinfo { struct cxl_reg_map *rmap; @@ -302,7 +304,11 @@ int cxl_find_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, u32 regloc_size, regblocks; int regloc, i; - map->resource = CXL_RESOURCE_NONE; + *map = (struct cxl_register_map) { + .dev = &pdev->dev, + .resource = CXL_RESOURCE_NONE, + }; + regloc = pci_find_dvsec_capability(pdev, PCI_DVSEC_VENDOR_ID_CXL, CXL_DVSEC_REG_LOCATOR); if (!regloc) diff --git a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h index 754cfe59ae37..bd68d5fabf21 100644 --- a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h +++ b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h @@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ struct cxl_device_reg_map { /** * struct cxl_register_map - DVSEC harvested register block mapping parameters + * @dev: device for devm operations and logging * @base: virtual base of the register-block-BAR + @block_offset * @resource: physical resource base of the register block * @max_size: maximum mapping size to perform register search @@ -239,6 +240,7 @@ struct cxl_device_reg_map { * @device_map: cxl_reg_maps for device registers */ struct cxl_register_map { + struct device *dev; void __iomem *base; resource_size_t resource; resource_size_t max_size; @@ -253,11 +255,11 @@ void cxl_probe_component_regs(struct device *dev, void __iomem *base, struct cxl_component_reg_map *map); void cxl_probe_device_regs(struct device *dev, void __iomem *base, struct cxl_device_reg_map *map); -int cxl_map_component_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_component_regs *regs, - struct cxl_register_map *map, +int cxl_map_component_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, + struct cxl_component_regs *regs, unsigned long map_mask); -int cxl_map_device_regs(struct device *dev, struct cxl_device_regs *regs, - struct cxl_register_map *map); +int cxl_map_device_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map, + struct cxl_device_regs *regs); enum cxl_regloc_type; int cxl_find_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, diff --git a/drivers/cxl/pci.c b/drivers/cxl/pci.c index 0872f2233ed0..0a89b96e6a8d 100644 --- a/drivers/cxl/pci.c +++ b/drivers/cxl/pci.c @@ -274,9 +274,9 @@ static int cxl_pci_setup_mailbox(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds) return 0; } -static int cxl_map_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) +static int cxl_map_regblock(struct cxl_register_map *map) { - struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; + struct device *dev = map->dev; map->base = ioremap(map->resource, map->max_size); if (!map->base) { @@ -288,18 +288,17 @@ static int cxl_map_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) return 0; } -static void cxl_unmap_regblock(struct pci_dev *pdev, - struct cxl_register_map *map) +static void cxl_unmap_regblock(struct cxl_register_map *map) { iounmap(map->base); map->base = NULL; } -static int cxl_probe_regs(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct cxl_register_map *map) +static int cxl_probe_regs(struct cxl_register_map *map) { struct cxl_component_reg_map *comp_map; struct cxl_device_reg_map *dev_map; - struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; + struct device *dev = map->dev; void __iomem *base = map->base; switch (map->reg_type) { @@ -346,12 +345,12 @@ static int cxl_setup_regs(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum cxl_regloc_type type, if (rc) return rc; - rc = cxl_map_regblock(pdev, map); + rc = cxl_map_regblock(map); if (rc) return rc; - rc = cxl_probe_regs(pdev, map); - cxl_unmap_regblock(pdev, map); + rc = cxl_probe_regs(map); + cxl_unmap_regblock(map); return rc; } @@ -688,7 +687,7 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) if (rc) return rc; - rc = cxl_map_device_regs(&pdev->dev, &cxlds->regs.device_regs, &map); + rc = cxl_map_device_regs(&map, &cxlds->regs.device_regs); if (rc) return rc; @@ -703,8 +702,8 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) cxlds->component_reg_phys = map.resource; - rc = cxl_map_component_regs(&pdev->dev, &cxlds->regs.component, - &map, BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_RAS)); + rc = cxl_map_component_regs(&map, &cxlds->regs.component, + BIT(CXL_CM_CAP_CAP_ID_RAS)); if (rc) dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "Failed to map RAS capability.\n");