diff mbox series

[RFC,v3,10/11] selftest mm/mseal memory sealing

Message ID 20231212231706.2680890-11-jeffxu@chromium.org (mailing list archive)
State Superseded
Headers show
Series Introduce mseal() | expand

Commit Message

Jeff Xu Dec. 12, 2023, 11:17 p.m. UTC
From: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@chromium.org>

selftest for memory sealing change in mmap() and mseal().

Signed-off-by: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@chromium.org>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore   |    1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile     |    1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/config       |    1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c | 2141 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 2144 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c

Comments

Muhammad Usama Anjum Dec. 31, 2023, 6:39 a.m. UTC | #1
I wasn't CC-ed on the patch even though I'd reviewed the earlier revision.


On 12/13/23 4:17 AM, jeffxu@chromium.org wrote:
> From: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@chromium.org>
> 
> selftest for memory sealing change in mmap() and mseal().
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@chromium.org>
> ---
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore   |    1 +
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile     |    1 +
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/config       |    1 +
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c | 2141 +++++++++++++++++++++++
>  4 files changed, 2144 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c
> 
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore
> index cdc9ce4426b9..f0f22a649985 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore
> @@ -43,3 +43,4 @@ mdwe_test
>  gup_longterm
>  mkdirty
>  va_high_addr_switch
> +mseal_test
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
> index 6a9fc5693145..0c086cecc093 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
> @@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ TEST_GEN_FILES += mlock2-tests
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += mrelease_test
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += mremap_dontunmap
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += mremap_test
> +TEST_GEN_FILES += mseal_test
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += on-fault-limit
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += thuge-gen
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += transhuge-stress
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config
> index be087c4bc396..cf2b8780e9b1 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config
> @@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ CONFIG_TEST_HMM=m
>  CONFIG_GUP_TEST=y
>  CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y
>  CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY=y
> +CONFIG_MSEAL=y
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..0692485d8b3c
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,2141 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +#define _GNU_SOURCE
> +#include <sys/mman.h>
> +#include <stdint.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +#include <string.h>
> +#include <sys/time.h>
> +#include <sys/resource.h>
> +#include <stdbool.h>
> +#include "../kselftest.h"
> +#include <syscall.h>
> +#include <errno.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <assert.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <assert.h>
> +#include <sys/ioctl.h>
> +#include <sys/vfs.h>
> +#include <sys/stat.h>
> +
> +/*
> + * need those definition for manually build using gcc.
> + * gcc -I ../../../../usr/include   -DDEBUG -O3  -DDEBUG -O3 mseal_test.c -o mseal_test
> + */
> +#ifndef MM_SEAL_SEAL
> +#define MM_SEAL_SEAL 0x1
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef MM_SEAL_BASE
> +#define MM_SEAL_BASE 0x2
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY
> +#define MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY 0x4
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON
> +#define MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON 0x8
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef MAP_SEALABLE
> +#define MAP_SEALABLE 0x8000000
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PROT_SEAL_SEAL
> +#define PROT_SEAL_SEAL 0x04000000
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PROT_SEAL_BASE
> +#define PROT_SEAL_BASE 0x08000000
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PROT_SEAL_PROT_PKEY
> +#define PROT_SEAL_PROT_PKEY 0x10000000
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PROT_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON
> +#define PROT_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON 0x20000000
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS
> +# define PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS    0x1
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE
> +# define PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE     0x2
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PKEY_BITS_PER_KEY
> +#define PKEY_BITS_PER_PKEY      2
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef PKEY_MASK
> +#define PKEY_MASK       (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE)
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef DEBUG
> +#define LOG_TEST_ENTER()	{}
> +#else
> +#define LOG_TEST_ENTER()	{ksft_print_msg("%s\n", __func__); }
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef u64
> +#define u64 unsigned long long
> +#endif
> +
> +/*
> + * define sys_xyx to call syscall directly.
> + */
> +static int sys_mseal(void *start, size_t len, int types)
> +{
> +	int sret;
> +
> +	errno = 0;
> +	sret = syscall(__NR_mseal, start, len, types, 0);
> +	return sret;
> +}
> +
> +int sys_mprotect(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long prot)
> +{
> +	int sret;
> +
> +	errno = 0;
> +	sret = syscall(SYS_mprotect, ptr, size, prot);
> +	return sret;
> +}
> +
> +int sys_mprotect_pkey(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long orig_prot,
> +		unsigned long pkey)
> +{
> +	int sret;
> +
> +	errno = 0;
> +	sret = syscall(__NR_pkey_mprotect, ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
> +	return sret;
> +}
> +
> +int sys_munmap(void *ptr, size_t size)
> +{
> +	int sret;
> +
> +	errno = 0;
> +	sret = syscall(SYS_munmap, ptr, size);
> +	return sret;
> +}
> +
> +static int sys_madvise(void *start, size_t len, int types)
> +{
> +	int sret;
> +
> +	errno = 0;
> +	sret = syscall(__NR_madvise, start, len, types);
> +	return sret;
> +}
> +
> +int sys_pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_val)
> +{
> +	int ret = syscall(SYS_pkey_alloc, flags, init_val);
Add empty line here.

> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned int __read_pkey_reg(void)
> +{
> +	unsigned int eax, edx;
> +	unsigned int ecx = 0;
> +	unsigned int pkey_reg;
> +
> +	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xee\n\t"
> +			: "=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
> +			: "c" (ecx));
> +	pkey_reg = eax;
> +	return pkey_reg;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void __write_pkey_reg(u64 pkey_reg)
> +{
> +	unsigned int eax = pkey_reg;
> +	unsigned int ecx = 0;
> +	unsigned int edx = 0;
> +
> +	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xef\n\t"
> +			: : "a" (eax), "c" (ecx), "d" (edx));
> +	assert(pkey_reg == __read_pkey_reg());
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned long pkey_bit_position(int pkey)
> +{
> +	return pkey * PKEY_BITS_PER_PKEY;
> +}
> +
> +static inline u64 set_pkey_bits(u64 reg, int pkey, u64 flags)
> +{
> +	unsigned long shift = pkey_bit_position(pkey);
> +	/* mask out bits from pkey in old value */
> +	reg &= ~((u64)PKEY_MASK << shift);
> +	/* OR in new bits for pkey */
> +	reg |= (flags & PKEY_MASK) << shift;
> +	return reg;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void set_pkey(int pkey, unsigned long pkey_value)
> +{
> +	unsigned long mask = (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
> +	u64 new_pkey_reg;
> +
> +	assert(!(pkey_value & ~mask));
> +	new_pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(__read_pkey_reg(), pkey, pkey_value);
> +	__write_pkey_reg(new_pkey_reg);
> +}
> +
> +void setup_single_address(int size, void **ptrOut)
> +{
> +	void *ptr;
> +
> +	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SEALABLE, -1, 0);
> +	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
> +	*ptrOut = ptr;
> +}
> +
> +void setup_single_address_sealable(int size, void **ptrOut, bool sealable)
> +{
> +	void *ptr;
> +	unsigned long mapflags = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE;
> +
> +	if (sealable)
> +		mapflags |= MAP_SEALABLE;
> +
> +	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, mapflags, -1, 0);
> +	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
> +	*ptrOut = ptr;
> +}
> +
> +void setup_single_address_rw_sealable(int size, void **ptrOut, bool sealable)
> +{
> +	void *ptr;
> +	unsigned long mapflags = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE;
> +
> +	if (sealable)
> +		mapflags |= MAP_SEALABLE;
> +
> +	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, mapflags, -1, 0);
> +	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
> +	*ptrOut = ptr;
> +}
> +
> +void clean_single_address(void *ptr, int size)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = munmap(ptr, size);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +}
> +
> +void seal_mprotect_single_address(void *ptr, int size)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +}
> +
> +void seal_discard_ro_anon_single_address(void *ptr, int size)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_seal_addseals(void)
> +{
> +	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
> +	int ret;
> +	void *ptr;
> +	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
> +	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
> +
> +	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
> +
> +	/* adding seal one by one */
> +
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_seal_addseals_combined(void)
> +{
> +	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
> +	int ret;
> +	void *ptr;
> +	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
> +	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
> +
> +	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
> +
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +
> +	/* adding multiple seals */
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size,
> +			MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_BASE|
> +			MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +
> +	/* not adding more seal type, so ok. */
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +
> +	/* not adding more seal type, so ok. */
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_seal_addseals_reject(void)
> +{
> +	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
> +	int ret;
> +	void *ptr;
> +	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
> +	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
> +
> +	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
> +
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE | MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +
> +	/* MM_SEAL_SEAL is set, so not allow new seal type . */
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size,
> +			MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_BASE | MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(ret < 0);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_seal_unmapped_start(void)
> +{
> +	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
> +	int ret;
> +	void *ptr;
> +	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
> +	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
> +
> +	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
> +
> +	// munmap 2 pages from ptr.
Don't use different commenting styles in one file. Use /* */ for comments.

> +	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, 2 * page_size);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +
> +	// mprotect will fail because 2 pages from ptr are unmapped.
> +	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
> +	assert(ret < 0);
> +
> +	// mseal will fail because 2 pages from ptr are unmapped.
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(ret < 0);
> +
> +	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +}
> +
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore
index cdc9ce4426b9..f0f22a649985 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/.gitignore
@@ -43,3 +43,4 @@  mdwe_test
 gup_longterm
 mkdirty
 va_high_addr_switch
+mseal_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
index 6a9fc5693145..0c086cecc093 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@  TEST_GEN_FILES += mlock2-tests
 TEST_GEN_FILES += mrelease_test
 TEST_GEN_FILES += mremap_dontunmap
 TEST_GEN_FILES += mremap_test
+TEST_GEN_FILES += mseal_test
 TEST_GEN_FILES += on-fault-limit
 TEST_GEN_FILES += thuge-gen
 TEST_GEN_FILES += transhuge-stress
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config
index be087c4bc396..cf2b8780e9b1 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@  CONFIG_TEST_HMM=m
 CONFIG_GUP_TEST=y
 CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y
 CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY=y
+CONFIG_MSEAL=y
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0692485d8b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2141 @@ 
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "../kselftest.h"
+#include <syscall.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+/*
+ * need those definition for manually build using gcc.
+ * gcc -I ../../../../usr/include   -DDEBUG -O3  -DDEBUG -O3 mseal_test.c -o mseal_test
+ */
+#ifndef MM_SEAL_SEAL
+#define MM_SEAL_SEAL 0x1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MM_SEAL_BASE
+#define MM_SEAL_BASE 0x2
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY
+#define MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY 0x4
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON
+#define MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON 0x8
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MAP_SEALABLE
+#define MAP_SEALABLE 0x8000000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROT_SEAL_SEAL
+#define PROT_SEAL_SEAL 0x04000000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROT_SEAL_BASE
+#define PROT_SEAL_BASE 0x08000000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROT_SEAL_PROT_PKEY
+#define PROT_SEAL_PROT_PKEY 0x10000000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROT_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON
+#define PROT_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON 0x20000000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS
+# define PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS    0x1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE
+# define PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE     0x2
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PKEY_BITS_PER_KEY
+#define PKEY_BITS_PER_PKEY      2
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PKEY_MASK
+#define PKEY_MASK       (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DEBUG
+#define LOG_TEST_ENTER()	{}
+#else
+#define LOG_TEST_ENTER()	{ksft_print_msg("%s\n", __func__); }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef u64
+#define u64 unsigned long long
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * define sys_xyx to call syscall directly.
+ */
+static int sys_mseal(void *start, size_t len, int types)
+{
+	int sret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	sret = syscall(__NR_mseal, start, len, types, 0);
+	return sret;
+}
+
+int sys_mprotect(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long prot)
+{
+	int sret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	sret = syscall(SYS_mprotect, ptr, size, prot);
+	return sret;
+}
+
+int sys_mprotect_pkey(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long orig_prot,
+		unsigned long pkey)
+{
+	int sret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	sret = syscall(__NR_pkey_mprotect, ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
+	return sret;
+}
+
+int sys_munmap(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	int sret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	sret = syscall(SYS_munmap, ptr, size);
+	return sret;
+}
+
+static int sys_madvise(void *start, size_t len, int types)
+{
+	int sret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	sret = syscall(__NR_madvise, start, len, types);
+	return sret;
+}
+
+int sys_pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_val)
+{
+	int ret = syscall(SYS_pkey_alloc, flags, init_val);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int __read_pkey_reg(void)
+{
+	unsigned int eax, edx;
+	unsigned int ecx = 0;
+	unsigned int pkey_reg;
+
+	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xee\n\t"
+			: "=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
+			: "c" (ecx));
+	pkey_reg = eax;
+	return pkey_reg;
+}
+
+static inline void __write_pkey_reg(u64 pkey_reg)
+{
+	unsigned int eax = pkey_reg;
+	unsigned int ecx = 0;
+	unsigned int edx = 0;
+
+	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xef\n\t"
+			: : "a" (eax), "c" (ecx), "d" (edx));
+	assert(pkey_reg == __read_pkey_reg());
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long pkey_bit_position(int pkey)
+{
+	return pkey * PKEY_BITS_PER_PKEY;
+}
+
+static inline u64 set_pkey_bits(u64 reg, int pkey, u64 flags)
+{
+	unsigned long shift = pkey_bit_position(pkey);
+	/* mask out bits from pkey in old value */
+	reg &= ~((u64)PKEY_MASK << shift);
+	/* OR in new bits for pkey */
+	reg |= (flags & PKEY_MASK) << shift;
+	return reg;
+}
+
+static inline void set_pkey(int pkey, unsigned long pkey_value)
+{
+	unsigned long mask = (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
+	u64 new_pkey_reg;
+
+	assert(!(pkey_value & ~mask));
+	new_pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(__read_pkey_reg(), pkey, pkey_value);
+	__write_pkey_reg(new_pkey_reg);
+}
+
+void setup_single_address(int size, void **ptrOut)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SEALABLE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	*ptrOut = ptr;
+}
+
+void setup_single_address_sealable(int size, void **ptrOut, bool sealable)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long mapflags = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE;
+
+	if (sealable)
+		mapflags |= MAP_SEALABLE;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, mapflags, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	*ptrOut = ptr;
+}
+
+void setup_single_address_rw_sealable(int size, void **ptrOut, bool sealable)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long mapflags = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE;
+
+	if (sealable)
+		mapflags |= MAP_SEALABLE;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, mapflags, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	*ptrOut = ptr;
+}
+
+void clean_single_address(void *ptr, int size)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+void seal_mprotect_single_address(void *ptr, int size)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+void seal_discard_ro_anon_single_address(void *ptr, int size)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_addseals(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	/* adding seal one by one */
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_addseals_combined(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* adding multiple seals */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size,
+			MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_BASE|
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* not adding more seal type, so ok. */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* not adding more seal type, so ok. */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_addseals_reject(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE | MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* MM_SEAL_SEAL is set, so not allow new seal type . */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size,
+			MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_BASE | MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_unmapped_start(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// munmap 2 pages from ptr.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, 2 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// mprotect will fail because 2 pages from ptr are unmapped.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	// mseal will fail because 2 pages from ptr are unmapped.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_unmapped_middle(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// munmap 2 pages from ptr + page.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size, 2 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// mprotect will fail, since size is 4 pages.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	// mseal will fail as well.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* we still can add seal to the first page and last page*/
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size,
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_unmapped_end(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// unmap last 2 pages.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	//mprotect will fail since last 2 pages are unmapped.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	//mseal will fail as well.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* The first 2 pages is not sealed, and can add seals */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_multiple_vmas(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect to split the vma into 3.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size, 2 * page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// mprotect will get applied to all 4 pages - 3 VMAs.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// use mprotect to split the vma into 3.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size, 2 * page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// mseal get applied to all 4 pages - 3 VMAs.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// verify additional seal type will fail after MM_SEAL_SEAL set.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + page_size, 2 * page_size,
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size,
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_split_start(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	/* use mprotect to split at middle */
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* seal the first page, this will split the VMA */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* can't add seal to the first page */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* add seal to the remain 3 pages */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + page_size, 3 * page_size,
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_split_end(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	/* use mprotect to split at middle */
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* seal the last page */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* adding seal to the last page is rejected. */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size,
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* Adding seals to the first 3 pages */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 3 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL | MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_invalid_input(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(8 * page_size, &ptr);
+	clean_single_address(ptr + 4 * page_size, 4 * page_size);
+
+	/* invalid flag */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, 0x20);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, 0x31);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, 0x3F);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* unaligned address */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 1, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* length too big */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 5 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	/* start is not in a valid VMA */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr - page_size, 5 * page_size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_zero_length(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* seal 0 length will be OK, same as mprotect */
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 0, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// verify the 4 pages are not sealed by previous call.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_twice(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// apply the same seal will be OK. idempotent.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size,
+			MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_BASE |
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size,
+			MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_BASE |
+			MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr, size);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_start_mprotect(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr, page_size);
+
+	// the first page is sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	// pages after the first page is not sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size, page_size * 3,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_end_mprotect(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr + page_size, 3 * page_size);
+
+	/* first page is not sealed */
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	/* last 3 page are sealed */
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size, page_size * 3,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_unalign_len(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr, page_size * 2 - 1);
+
+	// 2 pages are sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size * 2, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size * 2, page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_unalign_len_variant_2(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr, page_size * 2 + 1);
+
+	// 3 pages are sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size * 3, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size * 3, page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_two_vma(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	/* use mprotect to split */
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size * 2, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr, page_size * 4);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size * 2, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size * 2, page_size * 2,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_two_vma_with_split(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect to split as two vma.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size * 2, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// mseal can apply across 2 vma, also split them.
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr + page_size, page_size * 2);
+
+	// the first page is not sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// the second page is sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	// the third page is sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 2 * page_size, page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	// the fouth page is not sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_partial_mprotect(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// seal one page.
+	if (seal)
+		seal_mprotect_single_address(ptr, page_size);
+
+	// mprotect first 2 page will fail, since the first page are sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_two_vma_with_gap(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect to split.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// use mprotect to split.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size,
+			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// use munmap to free two pages in the middle
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size, 2 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// mprotect will fail, because there is a gap in the address.
+	// notes, internally mprotect still updated the first page.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 4 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	// mseal will fail as well.
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 4 * page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	// unlike mprotect, the first page is not sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(ret == 0);
+
+	// the last page is not sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 3 * page_size, page_size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(ret == 0);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_split(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	//use mprotect to split.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	//seal all 4 pages.
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 4 * page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	//madvice is OK.
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, page_size * 2, MADV_WILLNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	//mprotect is sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_mprotect_merge(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect to split one page.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// seal first two pages.
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, page_size, MADV_WILLNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// 2 pages are sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	// last 2 pages are not sealed.
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(ret == 0);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_munmap(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// 4 pages are sealed.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate 4 pages,
+ * use mprotect to split it as two VMAs
+ * seal the whole range
+ * munmap will fail on both
+ */
+static void test_seal_munmap_two_vma(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	/* use mprotect to split */
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size * 2, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, page_size * 2);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size, page_size * 2);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate a VMA with 4 pages.
+ * munmap the middle 2 pages.
+ * seal the whole 4 pages, will fail.
+ * note: one of the pages are sealed
+ * munmap the first page will be OK.
+ * munmap the last page will be OK.
+ */
+static void test_seal_munmap_vma_with_gap(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size, page_size * 2);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		// can't have gap in the middle.
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	}
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size * 2, page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_munmap_start_freed(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	// unmap the first page.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// seal the last 3 pages.
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr + page_size, 3 * page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// unmap from the first page.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret < 0);
+
+		// use mprotect to verify page is not unmapped.
+		ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size, 3 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+		assert(!ret);
+	} else
+		// note: this will be OK, even the first page is
+		// already unmapped.
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_munmap_end_freed(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	// unmap last page.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size * 3, page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// seal the first 3 pages.
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 3 * page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// unmap all pages.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret < 0);
+
+		// use mprotect to verify page is not unmapped.
+		ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, 3 * page_size, PROT_READ);
+		assert(!ret);
+	} else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_munmap_middle_freed(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	// unmap 2 pages in the middle.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size, page_size * 2);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// seal the first page.
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// munmap all 4 pages.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret < 0);
+
+		// use mprotect to verify page is not unmapped.
+		ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_READ);
+		assert(!ret);
+	} else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_shrink(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// shrink from 4 pages to 2 pages.
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, 2 * page_size, 0, 0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else {
+		assert(ret2 != MAP_FAILED);
+
+	}
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_expand(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	// ummap last 2 pages.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// expand from 2 page to 4 pages.
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, 2 * page_size, 4 * page_size, 0, 0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else {
+		assert(ret2 == ptr);
+
+	}
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_move(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr, *newPtr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	setup_single_address(size, &newPtr);
+	clean_single_address(newPtr, size);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// move from ptr to fixed address.
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED, newPtr);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else {
+		assert(ret2 != MAP_FAILED);
+
+	}
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_overwrite_prot(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// use mmap to change protection.
+	ret2 = mmap(ptr, size, PROT_NONE,
+			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else
+		assert(ret2 == ptr);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_expand(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 12 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	// ummap last 4 pages.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + 8 * page_size, 4 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, 8 * page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// use mmap to expand.
+	ret2 = mmap(ptr, size, PROT_READ,
+			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else
+		assert(ret2 == ptr);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_shrink(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 12 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// use mmap to shrink.
+	ret2 = mmap(ptr, 8 * page_size, PROT_READ,
+			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else
+		assert(ret2 == ptr);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_shrink_fixed(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	void *newAddr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	setup_single_address(size, &newAddr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// mremap to move and shrink to fixed address
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, 2 * page_size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED,
+			newAddr);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else
+		assert(ret2 == newAddr);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_expand_fixed(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	void *newAddr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(page_size, &ptr);
+	setup_single_address(size, &newAddr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(newAddr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// mremap to move and expand to fixed address
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, page_size, size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED,
+			newAddr);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else
+		assert(ret2 == newAddr);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_move_fixed(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	void *newAddr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+	setup_single_address(size, &newAddr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(newAddr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// mremap to move to fixed address
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED, newAddr);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else
+		assert(ret2 == newAddr);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_move_fixed_zero(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	void *newAddr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * MREMAP_FIXED can move the mapping to zero address
+	 */
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, 2 * page_size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED,
+			0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else {
+		assert(ret2 == 0);
+
+	}
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_move_dontunmap(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	void *newAddr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// mremap to move, and don't unmap src addr.
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_DONTUNMAP, 0);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else {
+		assert(ret2 != MAP_FAILED);
+
+	}
+}
+
+void test_seal_mremap_move_dontunmap_anyaddr(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	void *newAddr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The 0xdeaddead should not have effect on dest addr
+	 * when MREMAP_DONTUNMAP is set.
+	 */
+	ret2 = mremap(ptr, size, size, MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_DONTUNMAP,
+			0xdeaddead);
+	if (seal) {
+		assert(ret2 == MAP_FAILED);
+		assert(errno == EACCES);
+	} else {
+		assert(ret2 != MAP_FAILED);
+		assert((long)ret2 != 0xdeaddead);
+
+	}
+}
+
+unsigned long get_vma_size(void *addr)
+{
+	FILE *maps;
+	char line[256];
+	int size = 0;
+	uintptr_t  addr_start, addr_end;
+
+	maps = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
+	if (!maps)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), maps)) {
+		if (sscanf(line, "%lx-%lx", &addr_start, &addr_end) == 2) {
+			if (addr_start == (uintptr_t) addr) {
+				size = addr_end - addr_start;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(maps);
+	return size;
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_seal_base(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_SEAL_BASE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_seal_mprotect(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_SEAL_PROT_PKEY, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_seal_mseal(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_SEAL_SEAL, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(!ret);
+}
+
+void test_seal_merge_and_split(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	// (24 RO)
+	setup_single_address(24 * page_size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect(NONE) to set out boundary
+	// (1 NONE) (22 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_NONE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 23 * page_size, page_size, PROT_NONE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == 22 * page_size);
+
+	// use mseal to split from beginning
+	// (1 NONE) (1 RO_SBASE) (21 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == page_size);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 2 * page_size);
+	assert(size == 21 * page_size);
+
+	// use mseal to split from the end.
+	// (1 NONE) (1 RO_SBASE) (20 RO) (1 RO_SBASE) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 22 * page_size);
+	assert(size == page_size);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 2 * page_size);
+	assert(size == 20 * page_size);
+
+	// merge with prev.
+	// (1 NONE) (2 RO_SBASE) (19 RO) (1 RO_SBASE) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 2 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  page_size);
+	assert(size ==  2 * page_size);
+
+	// merge with after.
+	// (1 NONE) (2 RO_SBASE) (18 RO) (2 RO_SBASES) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 21 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  21 * page_size);
+	assert(size ==  2 * page_size);
+
+	// split from prev
+	// (1 NONE) (1 RO_SBASE) (2RO_SPROT) (17 RO) (2 RO_SBASES) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 2 * page_size, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  2 * page_size);
+	assert(size ==  2 * page_size);
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size,  page_size);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 2 * page_size, page_size,  PROT_NONE);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	// split from next
+	// (1 NONE) (1 RO_SBASE) (2 RO_SPROT) (16 RO) (2 RO_SPROT) (1 RO_SBASES) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 20 * page_size, 2 * page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  20 * page_size);
+	assert(size ==  2 * page_size);
+
+	// merge from middle of prev and middle of next.
+	// (1 NONE) (1 RW_SBASE) (20 RO_SPROT) (1 RW_SBASES) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 3 * page_size, 18 * page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  2 * page_size);
+	assert(size ==  20 * page_size);
+
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  22 * page_size);
+	assert(size == page_size);
+
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  23 * page_size);
+	assert(size == page_size);
+
+	// Add split using SEAL_ALL
+	// (1 NONE) (1 RW_SBASE) (1 RO_SALL) (18 RO_SPROT) (1 RO_SALL) (1 RW_SBASES) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 2 * page_size, page_size,
+				MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  2 * page_size);
+	assert(size ==  1 * page_size);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 21 * page_size, page_size,
+				MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY | MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  21 * page_size);
+	assert(size ==  1 * page_size);
+
+	// add a new seal type, and merge with next
+	// (1 NONE) (2 RO_SALL) (18 RO_SPROT) (2 RO_SALL) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + page_size,  page_size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  page_size);
+	assert(size ==  2 * page_size);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_PROT_PKEY);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  page_size);
+	assert(size ==  2 * page_size);
+}
+
+void test_seal_mmap_merge(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+
+	void *ptr, *ptr2;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+	void *ret2;
+
+	// (24 RO)
+	setup_single_address(24 * page_size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect(NONE) to set out boundary
+	// (1 NONE) (22 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_NONE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 23 * page_size, page_size, PROT_NONE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == 22 * page_size);
+
+	// use munmap to free 2 segment of memory.
+	// (1 NONE) (1 free) (20 RO) (1 free) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + page_size, page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// apply seal to the middle
+	// (1 NONE) (1 free) (20 RO_SBASE) (1 free) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 2 * page_size, 20 * page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 2 * page_size);
+	assert(size == 20 * page_size);
+
+	// allocate a mapping at beginning, and make sure it merges.
+	// (1 NONE) (21 RO_SBASE) (1 free) (1 NONE)
+	ptr2 = mmap(ptr + page_size, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_SEAL_BASE,
+		MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == 21 * page_size);
+
+	// allocate a mapping at end, and make sure it merges.
+	// (1 NONE) (22 RO_SBASE) (1 NONE)
+	ptr2 = mmap(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_SEAL_BASE,
+		MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == 22 * page_size);
+}
+
+static void test_not_sealable(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_SEAL);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+static void test_merge_sealable(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr, *ptr2;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	// (24 RO)
+	setup_single_address(24 * page_size, &ptr);
+
+	// use mprotect(NONE) to set out boundary
+	// (1 NONE) (22 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, page_size, PROT_NONE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr + 23 * page_size, page_size, PROT_NONE);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == 22 * page_size);
+
+	// (1 NONE) (RO) (4 free) (17 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr + 2 * page_size,  4 * page_size);
+	assert(!ret);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == 1 * page_size);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr +  6 * page_size);
+	assert(size == 17 * page_size);
+
+	// (1 NONE) (RO) (1 free) (2 RO) (1 free) (17 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ptr2 = mmap(ptr + 3 * page_size, 2 * page_size, PROT_READ,
+		MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SEALABLE, -1, 0);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 3 * page_size);
+	assert(size == 2 * page_size);
+
+	// (1 NONE) (RO) (1 free) (20 RO) (1 NONE)
+	ptr2 = mmap(ptr + 5 * page_size, 1 * page_size, PROT_READ,
+		MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SEALABLE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr2 != (void *)-1);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 3 * page_size);
+	assert(size == 20 * page_size);
+
+	// (1 NONE) (RO) (1 free) (19 RO) (1 RO_SB) (1 NONE)
+	ret = sys_mseal(ptr + 22 * page_size, page_size, MM_SEAL_BASE);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// (1 NONE) (RO) (not sealable) (19 RO) (1 RO_SB) (1 NONE)
+	ptr2 = mmap(ptr + 2 * page_size, page_size, PROT_READ,
+		MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr2 != (void *)-1);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + page_size);
+	assert(size == page_size);
+	size = get_vma_size(ptr + 2 * page_size);
+	assert(size == page_size);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_rw(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address_rw_sealable(size, &ptr, seal);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// sealing doesn't take effect on RW memory.
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// base seal still apply.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_pkey(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	int pkey;
+
+	setup_single_address_rw_sealable(size, &ptr, seal);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	pkey = sys_pkey_alloc(0, 0);
+	assert(pkey > 0);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect_pkey((void *)ptr, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, pkey);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// sealing doesn't take effect if PKRU allow write.
+	set_pkey(pkey, 0);
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	// sealing will take effect if PKRU deny write.
+	set_pkey(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	// base seal still apply.
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_filebacked(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	int fd;
+	unsigned long mapflags = MAP_PRIVATE;
+
+	if (seal)
+		mapflags |= MAP_SEALABLE;
+
+	fd = memfd_create("test", 0);
+	assert(fd > 0);
+
+	ret = fallocate(fd, 0, 0, size);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, mapflags, fd, 0);
+	assert(ptr != MAP_FAILED);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// sealing doesn't apply for file backed mapping.
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_shared(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	unsigned long mapflags = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_SHARED;
+
+	if (seal)
+		mapflags |= MAP_SEALABLE;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, mapflags, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	// sealing doesn't apply for shared mapping.
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_discard_ro_anon_invalid_shared(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open("/proc/self/maps", O_RDONLY);
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	if (seal) {
+		ret = sys_mseal(ptr, size, MM_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON);
+		assert(!ret);
+	}
+
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+static void test_seal_discard_ro_anon(bool seal)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	setup_single_address(size, &ptr);
+
+	if (seal)
+		seal_discard_ro_anon_single_address(ptr, size);
+
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	if (seal)
+		assert(ret < 0);
+	else
+		assert(!ret);
+}
+
+static void test_mmap_seal_discard_ro_anon(void)
+{
+	LOG_TEST_ENTER();
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+	unsigned long size = 4 * page_size;
+	int ret;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_SEAL_DISCARD_RO_ANON,
+			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ);
+	assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = sys_madvise(ptr, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+
+	ret = sys_munmap(ptr, size);
+	assert(ret < 0);
+}
+
+bool seal_support(void)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long page_size = getpagesize();
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_SEAL_BASE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	if (ptr == (void *) -1)
+		return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pkey_supported(void)
+{
+	int pkey = sys_pkey_alloc(0, 0);
+
+	if (pkey > 0)
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	bool test_seal = seal_support();
+
+	if (!test_seal) {
+		ksft_print_msg("%s CONFIG_MSEAL might be disabled, skip test\n", __func__);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	test_seal_invalid_input();
+	test_seal_addseals();
+	test_seal_addseals_combined();
+	test_seal_addseals_reject();
+	test_seal_unmapped_start();
+	test_seal_unmapped_middle();
+	test_seal_unmapped_end();
+	test_seal_multiple_vmas();
+	test_seal_split_start();
+	test_seal_split_end();
+
+	test_seal_zero_length();
+	test_seal_twice();
+
+	test_seal_mprotect(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect(true);
+
+	test_seal_start_mprotect(false);
+	test_seal_start_mprotect(true);
+
+	test_seal_end_mprotect(false);
+	test_seal_end_mprotect(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_unalign_len(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_unalign_len(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_unalign_len_variant_2(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_unalign_len_variant_2(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_two_vma(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_two_vma(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_two_vma_with_split(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_two_vma_with_split(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_partial_mprotect(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_partial_mprotect(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_two_vma_with_gap(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_two_vma_with_gap(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_merge(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_merge(true);
+
+	test_seal_mprotect_split(false);
+	test_seal_mprotect_split(true);
+
+	test_seal_munmap(false);
+	test_seal_munmap(true);
+	test_seal_munmap_two_vma(false);
+	test_seal_munmap_two_vma(true);
+	test_seal_munmap_vma_with_gap(false);
+	test_seal_munmap_vma_with_gap(true);
+
+	test_munmap_start_freed(false);
+	test_munmap_start_freed(true);
+	test_munmap_middle_freed(false);
+	test_munmap_middle_freed(true);
+	test_munmap_end_freed(false);
+	test_munmap_end_freed(true);
+
+	test_seal_mremap_shrink(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_shrink(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_expand(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_expand(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_move(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_move(true);
+
+	test_seal_mremap_shrink_fixed(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_shrink_fixed(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_expand_fixed(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_expand_fixed(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_fixed(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_fixed(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_dontunmap(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_dontunmap(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_fixed_zero(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_fixed_zero(true);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_dontunmap_anyaddr(false);
+	test_seal_mremap_move_dontunmap_anyaddr(true);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon(false);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon(true);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_rw(false);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_rw(true);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_shared(false);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_shared(true);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_filebacked(false);
+	test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_filebacked(true);
+	test_seal_mmap_overwrite_prot(false);
+	test_seal_mmap_overwrite_prot(true);
+	test_seal_mmap_expand(false);
+	test_seal_mmap_expand(true);
+	test_seal_mmap_shrink(false);
+	test_seal_mmap_shrink(true);
+
+	test_seal_mmap_seal_base();
+	test_seal_mmap_seal_mprotect();
+	test_seal_mmap_seal_mseal();
+	test_mmap_seal_discard_ro_anon();
+	test_seal_merge_and_split();
+	test_seal_mmap_merge();
+
+	test_not_sealable();
+	test_merge_sealable();
+
+	if (pkey_supported()) {
+		test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_pkey(false);
+		test_seal_discard_ro_anon_on_pkey(true);
+	}
+
+	ksft_print_msg("Done\n");
+	return 0;
+}