| Message ID | e592bcc458f5c2ec41930975003702a667c92a8e.1730220751.git.fdmanana@suse.com (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| State | New |
| Headers | show |
| Series | btrfs: add a test for defrag of contiguous file extents | expand |
On 30/10/24 01:23, fdmanana@kernel.org wrote: > From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> > > Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. > This exercises a regression fixed by a patchset for the kernel that is > comprissed of the following patches: > > btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents > btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged extent maps > > Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> > --- > tests/btrfs/325 | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > tests/btrfs/325.out | 22 +++++++++++++ > 2 files changed, 102 insertions(+) > create mode 100755 tests/btrfs/325 > create mode 100644 tests/btrfs/325.out > > diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325 b/tests/btrfs/325 > new file mode 100755 > index 00000000..0b1ab3c2 > --- /dev/null > +++ b/tests/btrfs/325 > @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ > +#! /bin/bash > +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 > +# Copyright (C) 2024 SUSE Linux Products GmbH. All Rights Reserved. > +# > +# FS QA Test 325 > +# > +# Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. > +# > +. ./common/preamble > +_begin_fstest auto quick preallocrw defrag > + > +. ./common/filter > + > +_require_scratch > +_require_btrfs_command inspect-internal dump-tree > +_require_xfs_io_command "falloc" > + > +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ > + "btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents" > +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ > + "btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged extent maps" > + > +count_file_extent_items() > +{ > + # We count file extent extent items through dump-tree instead of using > + # fiemap because fiemap merges adjacent extent items when they are > + # contiguous. > + # We unmount because all metadata must be ondisk for dump-tree to see > + # it and work correctly. > + _scratch_unmount > + $BTRFS_UTIL_PROG inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $SCRATCH_DEV | \ > + grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l > + _scratch_mount > +} > + > +_scratch_mkfs >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || _fail "mkfs failed" > +_scratch_mount > + > +# Create a file with a size of 256K and 4 written extents of 64K each. > +# We fallocate to guarantee exact extent size, even if compression mount > +# option is give, and write to them because defrag skips prealloc extents. > +$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "falloc 0 64K" \ > + -c "pwrite -S 0xab 0 64K" \ > + -c "falloc 64K 64K" \ > + -c "pwrite -S 0xcd 64K 64K" \ > + -c "falloc 128K 64K" \ > + -c "pwrite -S 0xef 128K 64K" \ > + -c "falloc 192K 64K" \ > + -c "pwrite -S 0x73 192K 64K" \ > + $SCRATCH_MNT/foo | _filter_xfs_io > + > +echo -n "Initial number of file extent items: " > +count_file_extent_items > + > +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. > +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null > + > +# Now defragment with a threshold of 128K. After this we expect to get a file > +# with 1 file extent item - the treshold is 128K but since all the extents are > +# contiguous, they should be merged into a single one of 256K. > +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 128K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: " Nit: s/treshold/threshold/g > +count_file_extent_items > + > +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. > +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null > + > +# Now defragment with a threshold of 256K. After this we expect to get a file > +# with only 1 file extent item. > +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 256K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: " > +count_file_extent_items > + > +# Check that the file has the expected data, that defrag didn't cause any data > +# loss or corruption. > +echo "File data after defrag:" > +_hexdump $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > + Nice. Nit: This can be a generic test-case. Reviewed-by: Anand Jain <anand.jain@oracle.com> Thx, Anand > +status=0 > +exit > diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325.out b/tests/btrfs/325.out > new file mode 100644 > index 00000000..96053925 > --- /dev/null > +++ b/tests/btrfs/325.out > @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ > +QA output created by 325 > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0 > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 65536 > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 131072 > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 196608 > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > +Initial number of file extent items: 4 > +Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: 1 > +Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: 1 > +File data after defrag: > +000000 ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab >................< > +* > +010000 cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd >................< > +* > +020000 ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef >................< > +* > +030000 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 >ssssssssssssssss< > +* > +040000
On 30/10/24 08:48, Anand Jain wrote: > On 30/10/24 01:23, fdmanana@kernel.org wrote: >> From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> >> >> Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. >> This exercises a regression fixed by a patchset for the kernel that is >> comprissed of the following patches: >> >> btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents >> btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged >> extent maps >> >> Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> >> --- >> tests/btrfs/325 | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> tests/btrfs/325.out | 22 +++++++++++++ >> 2 files changed, 102 insertions(+) >> create mode 100755 tests/btrfs/325 >> create mode 100644 tests/btrfs/325.out >> >> diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325 b/tests/btrfs/325 >> new file mode 100755 >> index 00000000..0b1ab3c2 >> --- /dev/null >> +++ b/tests/btrfs/325 >> @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ >> +#! /bin/bash >> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 >> +# Copyright (C) 2024 SUSE Linux Products GmbH. All Rights Reserved. >> +# >> +# FS QA Test 325 >> +# >> +# Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. >> +# >> +. ./common/preamble >> +_begin_fstest auto quick preallocrw defrag >> + >> +. ./common/filter >> + >> +_require_scratch >> +_require_btrfs_command inspect-internal dump-tree >> +_require_xfs_io_command "falloc" >> + >> +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ >> + "btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents" >> +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ >> + "btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged >> extent maps" >> + >> +count_file_extent_items() >> +{ >> + # We count file extent extent items through dump-tree instead of >> using >> + # fiemap because fiemap merges adjacent extent items when they are >> + # contiguous. >> + # We unmount because all metadata must be ondisk for dump-tree to >> see >> + # it and work correctly. >> + _scratch_unmount >> + $BTRFS_UTIL_PROG inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $SCRATCH_DEV | \ >> + grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l >> + _scratch_mount >> +} >> + >> +_scratch_mkfs >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || _fail "mkfs failed" >> +_scratch_mount >> + >> +# Create a file with a size of 256K and 4 written extents of 64K each. >> +# We fallocate to guarantee exact extent size, even if compression mount >> +# option is give, and write to them because defrag skips prealloc >> extents. >> +$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "falloc 0 64K" \ >> + -c "pwrite -S 0xab 0 64K" \ >> + -c "falloc 64K 64K" \ >> + -c "pwrite -S 0xcd 64K 64K" \ >> + -c "falloc 128K 64K" \ >> + -c "pwrite -S 0xef 128K 64K" \ >> + -c "falloc 192K 64K" \ >> + -c "pwrite -S 0x73 192K 64K" \ >> + $SCRATCH_MNT/foo | _filter_xfs_io >> + With the fix applied, this test case fails when the compress option is used. -------------- FSTYP -- btrfs PLATFORM -- Linux/aarch64 dev2 6.12.0-rc4+ #36 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Oct 29 00:25:40 +08 2024 MKFS_OPTIONS -- /dev/sdb MOUNT_OPTIONS -- -o compress -o context=system_u:object_r:root_t:s0 /dev/sdb /mnt/scratch btrfs/325 1s ... - output mismatch (see /Volumes/work/ws/fstests/results//btrfs/325.out.bad) --- tests/btrfs/325.out 2024-10-30 08:07:48.507531048 +0800 +++ /Volumes/work/ws/fstests/results//btrfs/325.out.bad 2024-10-30 08:57:35.097186024 +0800 @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 196608 XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) Initial number of file extent items: 4 -Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: 1 -Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: 1 +Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: 2 +Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: 2 ... (Run 'diff -u /Volumes/work/ws/fstests/tests/btrfs/325.out /Volumes/work/ws/fstests/results//btrfs/325.out.bad' to see the entire diff) -------------- One approach is to use random data, ensuring that compression remains ineffective. >> +echo -n "Initial number of file extent items: " >> +count_file_extent_items >> + >> +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. >> +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null >> + >> +# Now defragment with a threshold of 128K. After this we expect to >> get a file > >> +# with 1 file extent item - the treshold is 128K but since all the >> extents are > >> +# contiguous, they should be merged into a single one of 256K. >> +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 128K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > >> +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: " > > Nit: s/treshold/threshold/g > >> +count_file_extent_items >> + >> +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. >> +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null >> + >> +# Now defragment with a threshold of 256K. After this we expect to >> get a file >> +# with only 1 file extent item. >> +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 256K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo >> +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: " >> +count_file_extent_items >> + >> +# Check that the file has the expected data, that defrag didn't cause >> any data >> +# loss or corruption. >> +echo "File data after defrag:" >> +_hexdump $SCRATCH_MNT/foo >> + > > Nice. > > Nit: This can be a generic test-case. > > Reviewed-by: Anand Jain <anand.jain@oracle.com> Please ignore the rb for now. Thanks, Anand > > Thx, Anand > > >> +status=0 >> +exit >> diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325.out b/tests/btrfs/325.out >> new file mode 100644 >> index 00000000..96053925 >> --- /dev/null >> +++ b/tests/btrfs/325.out >> @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ >> +QA output created by 325 >> +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0 >> +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) >> +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 65536 >> +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) >> +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 131072 >> +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) >> +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 196608 >> +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) >> +Initial number of file extent items: 4 >> +Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: 1 >> +Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: 1 >> +File data after defrag: >> +000000 ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab >> >................< >> +* >> +010000 cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd >> >................< >> +* >> +020000 ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef >> >................< >> +* >> +030000 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 >> >ssssssssssssssss< >> +* >> +040000 >
On Wed, Oct 30, 2024 at 12:49 AM Anand Jain <anand.jain@oracle.com> wrote: > > On 30/10/24 01:23, fdmanana@kernel.org wrote: > > From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> > > > > Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. > > This exercises a regression fixed by a patchset for the kernel that is > > comprissed of the following patches: > > > > btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents > > btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged extent maps > > > > Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> > > --- > > tests/btrfs/325 | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > tests/btrfs/325.out | 22 +++++++++++++ > > 2 files changed, 102 insertions(+) > > create mode 100755 tests/btrfs/325 > > create mode 100644 tests/btrfs/325.out > > > > diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325 b/tests/btrfs/325 > > new file mode 100755 > > index 00000000..0b1ab3c2 > > --- /dev/null > > +++ b/tests/btrfs/325 > > @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ > > +#! /bin/bash > > +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 > > +# Copyright (C) 2024 SUSE Linux Products GmbH. All Rights Reserved. > > +# > > +# FS QA Test 325 > > +# > > +# Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. > > +# > > +. ./common/preamble > > +_begin_fstest auto quick preallocrw defrag > > + > > +. ./common/filter > > + > > +_require_scratch > > +_require_btrfs_command inspect-internal dump-tree > > +_require_xfs_io_command "falloc" > > + > > +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ > > + "btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents" > > +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ > > + "btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged extent maps" > > + > > +count_file_extent_items() > > +{ > > + # We count file extent extent items through dump-tree instead of using > > + # fiemap because fiemap merges adjacent extent items when they are > > + # contiguous. > > + # We unmount because all metadata must be ondisk for dump-tree to see > > + # it and work correctly. > > + _scratch_unmount > > + $BTRFS_UTIL_PROG inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $SCRATCH_DEV | \ > > + grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l > > + _scratch_mount > > +} > > + > > +_scratch_mkfs >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || _fail "mkfs failed" > > +_scratch_mount > > + > > +# Create a file with a size of 256K and 4 written extents of 64K each. > > +# We fallocate to guarantee exact extent size, even if compression mount > > +# option is give, and write to them because defrag skips prealloc extents. > > +$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "falloc 0 64K" \ > > + -c "pwrite -S 0xab 0 64K" \ > > + -c "falloc 64K 64K" \ > > + -c "pwrite -S 0xcd 64K 64K" \ > > + -c "falloc 128K 64K" \ > > + -c "pwrite -S 0xef 128K 64K" \ > > + -c "falloc 192K 64K" \ > > + -c "pwrite -S 0x73 192K 64K" \ > > + $SCRATCH_MNT/foo | _filter_xfs_io > > + > > +echo -n "Initial number of file extent items: " > > +count_file_extent_items > > + > > +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. > > +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null > > + > > +# Now defragment with a threshold of 128K. After this we expect to get a file > > > +# with 1 file extent item - the treshold is 128K but since all the extents are > > > +# contiguous, they should be merged into a single one of 256K. > > +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 128K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > > > +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: " > > Nit: s/treshold/threshold/g > > > +count_file_extent_items > > + > > +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. > > +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null > > + > > +# Now defragment with a threshold of 256K. After this we expect to get a file > > +# with only 1 file extent item. > > +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 256K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > > +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: " > > +count_file_extent_items > > + > > +# Check that the file has the expected data, that defrag didn't cause any data > > +# loss or corruption. > > +echo "File data after defrag:" > > +_hexdump $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > > + > > Nice. > > Nit: This can be a generic test-case. No it can't, because: 1) Not all filesystems have a defrag functionality and with the ability to specify a threshold; 2) We need to use dump-tree to count file extent items - both the tool and metadata are btrfs specific. > > Reviewed-by: Anand Jain <anand.jain@oracle.com> > > Thx, Anand > > > > +status=0 > > +exit > > diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325.out b/tests/btrfs/325.out > > new file mode 100644 > > index 00000000..96053925 > > --- /dev/null > > +++ b/tests/btrfs/325.out > > @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ > > +QA output created by 325 > > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0 > > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 65536 > > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 131072 > > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > > +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 196608 > > +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) > > +Initial number of file extent items: 4 > > +Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: 1 > > +Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: 1 > > +File data after defrag: > > +000000 ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab >................< > > +* > > +010000 cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd >................< > > +* > > +020000 ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef >................< > > +* > > +030000 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 >ssssssssssssssss< > > +* > > +040000 >
diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325 b/tests/btrfs/325 new file mode 100755 index 00000000..0b1ab3c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/btrfs/325 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +#! /bin/bash +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +# Copyright (C) 2024 SUSE Linux Products GmbH. All Rights Reserved. +# +# FS QA Test 325 +# +# Test that defrag merges adjacent extents that are contiguous. +# +. ./common/preamble +_begin_fstest auto quick preallocrw defrag + +. ./common/filter + +_require_scratch +_require_btrfs_command inspect-internal dump-tree +_require_xfs_io_command "falloc" + +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ + "btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents" +_fixed_by_kernel_commit xxxxxxxxxxxx \ + "btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged extent maps" + +count_file_extent_items() +{ + # We count file extent extent items through dump-tree instead of using + # fiemap because fiemap merges adjacent extent items when they are + # contiguous. + # We unmount because all metadata must be ondisk for dump-tree to see + # it and work correctly. + _scratch_unmount + $BTRFS_UTIL_PROG inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $SCRATCH_DEV | \ + grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l + _scratch_mount +} + +_scratch_mkfs >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || _fail "mkfs failed" +_scratch_mount + +# Create a file with a size of 256K and 4 written extents of 64K each. +# We fallocate to guarantee exact extent size, even if compression mount +# option is give, and write to them because defrag skips prealloc extents. +$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "falloc 0 64K" \ + -c "pwrite -S 0xab 0 64K" \ + -c "falloc 64K 64K" \ + -c "pwrite -S 0xcd 64K 64K" \ + -c "falloc 128K 64K" \ + -c "pwrite -S 0xef 128K 64K" \ + -c "falloc 192K 64K" \ + -c "pwrite -S 0x73 192K 64K" \ + $SCRATCH_MNT/foo | _filter_xfs_io + +echo -n "Initial number of file extent items: " +count_file_extent_items + +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null + +# Now defragment with a threshold of 128K. After this we expect to get a file +# with 1 file extent item - the treshold is 128K but since all the extents are +# contiguous, they should be merged into a single one of 256K. +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 128K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: " +count_file_extent_items + +# Read the whole file in order to load extent maps and merge them. +cat $SCRATCH_MNT/foo > /dev/null + +# Now defragment with a threshold of 256K. After this we expect to get a file +# with only 1 file extent item. +$BTRFS_UTIL_PROG filesystem defragment -t 256K $SCRATCH_MNT/foo +echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: " +count_file_extent_items + +# Check that the file has the expected data, that defrag didn't cause any data +# loss or corruption. +echo "File data after defrag:" +_hexdump $SCRATCH_MNT/foo + +status=0 +exit diff --git a/tests/btrfs/325.out b/tests/btrfs/325.out new file mode 100644 index 00000000..96053925 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/btrfs/325.out @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +QA output created by 325 +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0 +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 65536 +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 131072 +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) +wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 196608 +XXX Bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec) +Initial number of file extent items: 4 +Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K treshold: 1 +Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K treshold: 1 +File data after defrag: +000000 ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab >................< +* +010000 cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd >................< +* +020000 ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef ef >................< +* +030000 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 >ssssssssssssssss< +* +040000