From patchwork Mon Nov 4 17:21:39 2019 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= X-Patchwork-Id: 11226105 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8AB4E139A for ; Mon, 4 Nov 2019 17:22:48 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mother.openwall.net (mother.openwall.net [195.42.179.200]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 8783A2080F for ; Mon, 4 Nov 2019 17:22:47 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org 8783A2080F Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=none (p=none dis=none) header.from=digikod.net Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=kernel-hardening-return-17266-patchwork-kernel-hardening=patchwork.kernel.org@lists.openwall.com Received: (qmail 5243 invoked by uid 550); 4 Nov 2019 17:22:45 -0000 Mailing-List: contact kernel-hardening-help@lists.openwall.com; run by ezmlm Precedence: bulk List-Post: List-Help: List-Unsubscribe: List-Subscribe: List-ID: Delivered-To: mailing list kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com Received: (qmail 5205 invoked from network); 4 Nov 2019 17:22:45 -0000 From: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Alexei Starovoitov , Andy Lutomirski , Casey Schaufler , Daniel Borkmann , David Drysdale , Florent Revest , James Morris , Jann Horn , John Johansen , Jonathan Corbet , Kees Cook , KP Singh , Michael Kerrisk , =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Paul Moore , Sargun Dhillon , "Serge E . Hallyn" , Shuah Khan , Stephen Smalley , Tejun Heo , Tetsuo Handa , Tycho Andersen , Will Drewry , bpf@vger.kernel.org, kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, netdev@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v13 0/7] Landlock LSM Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2019 18:21:39 +0100 Message-Id: <20191104172146.30797-1-mic@digikod.net> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.24.0.rc1 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Antivirus: Dr.Web (R) for Unix mail servers drweb plugin ver.6.0.2.8 X-Antivirus-Code: 0x100000 Hi, Following the previous series [1], this thirteenth series mainly clean up and add safeguards to the domain management. This series also improves the documentation, add comments, and fixes some latent bugs. This is the first step of the roadmap discussed at LPC [2]. While the intended final goal is to allow unprivileged (or non-root) users to use Landlock, this series allows only a process with global CAP_SYS_ADMIN to load and enforce a rule. This may help to get feedback and avoid unexpected behaviors. This series can be applied on top of bpf-next, commit e93d99180abd ("selftests/bpf: Restore $(OUTPUT)/test_stub.o rule"). This can be tested with CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL, CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER and CONFIG_SECURITY_LANDLOCK. This patch series can be found in a Git repository here: https://github.com/landlock-lsm/linux/commits/landlock-v13 I would really appreciate constructive comments on the design and the code. # Landlock LSM Landlock is a stackable LSM [3] intended to be used as a low-level framework to build custom access-control/audit systems or safe endpoint security agents. There is currently one Landlock hook dedicated to check ptrace(2). This hook accepts a dedicated eBPF program, called a Landlock program, which can currently compare its position in the hierarchy of similar programs tied to other processes. This enables to enforce programmatic scoped ptrace restrictions. The final goal of this new Linux Security Module (LSM) called Landlock is to allow any process, including unprivileged ones, to create powerful security sandboxes comparable to XNU Sandbox, FreeBSD Capsicum or OpenBSD Pledge (which could be implemented with Landlock). This kind of sandbox is expected to help mitigate the security impact of bugs or unexpected/malicious behaviors in user-space applications. The use of seccomp and Landlock is more suitable with the help of a user-space library (e.g. libseccomp) that could help to specify a high-level language to express a security policy instead of raw eBPF programs. Moreover, thanks to the LLVM front-end, it is quite easy to write an eBPF program with a subset of the C language. The documentation patch contains some kernel documentation, explanations on how to use Landlock and a FAQ. The compiled documentation and some talks can be found here: https://landlock.io # Frequently asked questions ## Why is seccomp-bpf not enough? A seccomp filter can access only raw syscall arguments (i.e. the register values) which means that it is not possible to filter according to the value pointed to by an argument, such as a file pathname. As an embryonic Landlock version demonstrated (i.e. seccomp-object), filtering at the syscall level is complicated (e.g. need to take care of race conditions). This is mainly because the access control checkpoints of the kernel are not at this high-level but more underneath, at the LSM-hook level. The LSM hooks are designed to handle this kind of checks. Landlock abstracts this approach to leverage the ability of unprivileged users to limit themselves. Cf. section "What it isn't?" in Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst ## Why use the seccomp(2) syscall? Landlock use the same semantic as seccomp to apply access rule restrictions. It add a new layer of security for the current process which is inherited by its children. It makes sense to use an unique access-restricting syscall (that should be allowed by seccomp filters) which can only drop privileges. Moreover, a Landlock rule could come from outside a process (e.g. passed through a UNIX socket). It is then useful to differentiate the creation/load of Landlock eBPF programs via bpf(2), from rule enforcement via seccomp(2). ## Why a new LSM? Are SELinux, AppArmor, Smack and Tomoyo not good enough? The current access control LSMs are fine for their purpose which is to give the *root* the ability to enforce a security policy for the *system*. What is missing is a way to enforce a security policy for any application by its developer and *unprivileged user* as seccomp can do for raw syscall filtering. Differences from other (access control) LSMs: * not only dedicated to administrators (i.e. no_new_priv); * limited kernel attack surface (e.g. policy parsing); * constrained policy rules (no DoS: deterministic execution time); * do not leak more information than the loader process can legitimately have access to (minimize metadata inference). # Changes since v12 * make landlock_prepend_prog() more consistant by putting its caller in charge of the lifetime of the Landlock domain being updated * always copy a domain being updated, which garantee its immutability, and behave as a copy-on-write thanks to commit_creds() * fix preemption * improve documentation and comments # Changes since v11 * rework domain management * minor fixes # Changes since v10 * remove all the file system related features: program types, inode map and expected_attach_triggers * replace the static ptrace security policy with a new and simpler ptrace program (attached) type and a task_landlock_ptrace_ancestor() eBPF helper * do not rely on seccomp internal structure but use stacked credentials insdead * extend ptrace tests * add more documentation * split and rename files/patches * miscellaneous fixes Previous changes can be found in a previous cover-letter [4]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20191031164445.29426-1-mic@digikod.net/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/5828776A.1010104@digikod.net/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/50db058a-7dde-441b-a7f9-f6837fe8b69f@schaufler-ca.com/ [4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190721213116.23476-1-mic@digikod.net/ Regards, Mickaël Salaün (7): bpf,landlock: Define an eBPF program type for Landlock hooks landlock: Add the management of domains landlock,seccomp: Apply Landlock programs to process hierarchy landlock: Add ptrace LSM hooks bpf,landlock: Add task_landlock_ptrace_ancestor() helper bpf,landlock: Add tests for the Landlock ptrace program type landlock: Add user and kernel documentation for Landlock Documentation/security/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/security/landlock/index.rst | 22 ++ Documentation/security/landlock/kernel.rst | 166 ++++++++++ Documentation/security/landlock/user.rst | 153 ++++++++++ MAINTAINERS | 9 + include/linux/bpf.h | 3 + include/linux/bpf_types.h | 3 + include/linux/landlock.h | 25 ++ include/linux/lsm_hooks.h | 1 + include/uapi/linux/bpf.h | 23 +- include/uapi/linux/landlock.h | 39 +++ include/uapi/linux/seccomp.h | 1 + kernel/bpf/syscall.c | 9 + kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 11 + kernel/seccomp.c | 4 + scripts/bpf_helpers_doc.py | 1 + security/Kconfig | 1 + security/Makefile | 2 + security/landlock/Kconfig | 19 ++ security/landlock/Makefile | 6 + security/landlock/bpf_ptrace.c | 98 ++++++ security/landlock/bpf_ptrace.h | 17 ++ security/landlock/bpf_run.c | 65 ++++ security/landlock/bpf_run.h | 25 ++ security/landlock/bpf_verify.c | 87 ++++++ security/landlock/common.h | 84 +++++ security/landlock/domain_manage.c | 152 +++++++++ security/landlock/domain_manage.h | 22 ++ security/landlock/domain_syscall.c | 93 ++++++ security/landlock/hooks_cred.c | 47 +++ security/landlock/hooks_cred.h | 14 + security/landlock/hooks_ptrace.c | 114 +++++++ security/landlock/hooks_ptrace.h | 19 ++ security/landlock/init.c | 32 ++ security/security.c | 15 + tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h | 23 +- tools/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h | 22 ++ tools/lib/bpf/libbpf_probes.c | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/bpf/config | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c | 1 + .../testing/selftests/bpf/verifier/landlock.c | 56 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore | 5 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile | 27 ++ tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config | 5 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/test.h | 48 +++ tools/testing/selftests/landlock/test_base.c | 24 ++ .../testing/selftests/landlock/test_ptrace.c | 289 ++++++++++++++++++ 47 files changed, 1887 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/security/landlock/index.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/security/landlock/kernel.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/security/landlock/user.rst create mode 100644 include/linux/landlock.h create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/landlock.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/Kconfig create mode 100644 security/landlock/Makefile create mode 100644 security/landlock/bpf_ptrace.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/bpf_ptrace.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/bpf_run.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/bpf_run.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/bpf_verify.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/common.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/domain_manage.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/domain_manage.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/domain_syscall.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/hooks_cred.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/hooks_cred.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/hooks_ptrace.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/hooks_ptrace.h create mode 100644 security/landlock/init.c create mode 100644 tools/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/verifier/landlock.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/test.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/test_base.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/test_ptrace.c