@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given.
Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
-working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
+working tree to it; use "git switch <newbranch>" to switch to the
new branch.
When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
+
This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you
-want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track`
+want `git switch`, `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track`
were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ Start development from a known tag::
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
$ cd my2.6
$ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
-$ git checkout my2.6.14
+$ git switch my2.6.14
------------
+
<1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@ $ git branch -D test <2>
NOTES
-----
-If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
-easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create
-a branch and check it out with a single command.
+If you are creating a branch that you want to switch to immediately,
+it is easier to use the "git switch" command with its `-c` option to
+do the same thing with a single command.
The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged`
serve four related but different purposes:
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ but it is explicitly forbidden at the beginning of a branch name).
When run with `--branch` option in a repository, the input is first
expanded for the ``previous checkout syntax''
`@{-n}`. For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last thing that
-was checked out using "git checkout" operation. This option should be
+was checked out using "git switch" or "git checkout" operation.
+This option should be
used by porcelains to accept this syntax anywhere a branch name is
expected, so they can act as if you typed the branch name. As an
exception note that, the ``previous checkout operation'' might result
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ One way to test if your MUA is set up correctly is:
* Apply it:
$ git fetch <project> master:test-apply
- $ git checkout test-apply
+ $ git switch test-apply
$ git reset --hard
$ git am a.patch
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ instead.
Discussion on fork-point mode
-----------------------------
-After working on the `topic` branch created with `git checkout -b
+After working on the `topic` branch created with `git switch -c
topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch
`origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a
history of this shape:
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
If <branch> is specified, 'git rebase' will perform an automatic
-`git checkout <branch>` before doing anything else. Otherwise
+`git switch <branch>` before doing anything else. Otherwise
it remains on the current branch.
If <upstream> is not specified, the upstream configured in
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ $ git branch -r
staging/master
staging/staging-linus
staging/staging-next
-$ git checkout -b staging staging/master
+$ git switch -c staging staging/master
...
------------
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ For such a test, you need to merge master and topic somehow.
One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
------------
- $ git checkout topic
+ $ git switch topic
$ git merge master
o---*---o---+ topic
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`,
in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
------------
- $ git checkout topic
+ $ git switch topic
$ git merge master
$ ... work on both topic and master branches
- $ git checkout master
+ $ git switch master
$ git merge topic
o---*---o---+---o---o topic
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ merges, you could blow away the test merge, and keep building on
top of the tip before the test merge:
------------
- $ git checkout topic
+ $ git switch topic
$ git merge master
$ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# rewind the test merge
$ ... work on both topic and master branches
- $ git checkout master
+ $ git switch master
$ git merge topic
o---*---o-------o---o topic
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ See also the `--amend` option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
+
------------
-$ git branch topic/wip <1>
-$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
-$ git checkout topic/wip <3>
+$ git branch topic/wip <1>
+$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
+$ git switch topic/wip <3>
------------
+
<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
@@ -232,13 +232,13 @@ working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
+
------------
-$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
-$ work work work ;# got interrupted
+$ git switch feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
+$ work work work ;# got interrupted
$ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1>
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch master
$ fix fix fix
$ git commit ;# commit with real log
-$ git checkout feature
+$ git switch feature
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
$ git reset <3>
------------
@@ -279,18 +279,18 @@ reset it while keeping the changes in your working tree.
+
------------
$ git tag start
-$ git checkout -b branch1
+$ git switch -c branch1
$ edit
$ git commit ... <1>
$ edit
-$ git checkout -b branch2 <2>
+$ git switch -c branch2 <2>
$ git reset --keep start <3>
------------
+
<1> This commits your first edits in `branch1`.
<2> In the ideal world, you could have realized that the earlier
commit did not belong to the new topic when you created and switched
- to `branch2` (i.e. `git checkout -b branch2 start`), but nobody is
+ to `branch2` (i.e. `git switch -c branch2 start`), but nobody is
perfect.
<3> But you can use `reset --keep` to remove the unwanted commit after
you switched to `branch2`.
@@ -235,12 +235,12 @@ return to your original branch to make the emergency fix, like this:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
# ... hack hack hack ...
-$ git checkout -b my_wip
+$ git switch -c my_wip
$ git commit -a -m "WIP"
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch master
$ edit emergency fix
$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry"
-$ git checkout my_wip
+$ git switch my_wip
$ git reset --soft HEAD^
# ... continue hacking ...
----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -293,7 +293,8 @@ SEE ALSO
linkgit:git-checkout[1],
linkgit:git-commit[1],
linkgit:git-reflog[1],
-linkgit:git-reset[1]
+linkgit:git-reset[1],
+linkgit:git-switch[1]
GIT
---
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ used earlier, and create a branch in it. You do that by simply just
saying that you want to check out a new branch:
------------
-$ git checkout -b mybranch
+$ git switch -c mybranch
------------
will create a new branch based at the current `HEAD` position, and switch
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ just telling 'git checkout' what the base of the checkout would be.
In other words, if you have an earlier tag or branch, you'd just do
------------
-$ git checkout -b mybranch earlier-commit
+$ git switch -c mybranch earlier-commit
------------
and it would create the new branch `mybranch` at the earlier commit,
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ and check out the state at that time.
You can always just jump back to your original `master` branch by doing
------------
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch master
------------
(or any other branch-name, for that matter) and if you forget which
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ $ git branch <branchname> [startingpoint]
which will simply _create_ the branch, but will not do anything further.
You can then later -- once you decide that you want to actually develop
-on that branch -- switch to that branch with a regular 'git checkout'
+on that branch -- switch to that branch with a regular 'git switch'
with the branchname as the argument.
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ being the same as the original `master` branch, let's make sure we're in
that branch, and do some work there.
------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout mybranch
+$ git switch mybranch
$ echo "Work, work, work" >>hello
$ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
------------------------------------------------
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ does some work in the original branch, and simulate that by going back
to the master branch, and editing the same file differently there:
------------
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch master
------------
Here, take a moment to look at the contents of `hello`, and notice how they
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ to the `master` branch. Let's go back to `mybranch`, and run
'git merge' to get the "upstream changes" back to your branch.
------------
-$ git checkout mybranch
+$ git switch mybranch
$ git merge -m "Merge upstream changes." master
------------
@@ -1133,9 +1133,8 @@ Remember, before running 'git merge', our `master` head was at
work." commit.
------------
-$ git checkout mybranch
-$ git reset --hard master^2
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch -C mybranch master^2
+$ git switch master
$ git reset --hard master^
------------
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ following commands.
* linkgit:git-log[1] to see what happened.
- * linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch
+ * linkgit:git-switch[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch
branches.
* linkgit:git-add[1] to manage the index file.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ $ git tag v2.43 <2>
Create a topic branch and develop.::
+
------------
-$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <1>
+$ git switch -c alsa-audio <1>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <2>
$ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <3>
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ $ git commit -a -s <5>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git diff HEAD^ <6>
$ git commit -a --amend <7>
-$ git checkout master <8>
+$ git switch master <8>
$ git merge alsa-audio <9>
$ git log --since='3 days ago' <10>
$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <11>
@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ Clone the upstream and work on it. Feed changes to upstream.::
------------
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
$ cd my2.6
-$ git checkout -b mine master <1>
+$ git switch -c mine master <1>
$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <2>
$ git format-patch master <3>
$ git send-email --to="person <email@example.com>" 00*.patch <4>
-$ git checkout master <5>
+$ git switch master <5>
$ git pull <6>
$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <7>
$ git ls-remote --heads http://git.kernel.org/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git <8>
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
satellite$ git push origin <4>
mothership$ cd frotz
-mothership$ git checkout master
+mothership$ git switch master
mothership$ git merge satellite/master <5>
------------
+
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ machine into the master branch.
Branch off of a specific tag.::
+
------------
-$ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
+$ git switch -c private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
$ git checkout master
$ git cherry-pick v2.6.14..private2.6.14 <2>
@@ -274,14 +274,14 @@ $ mailx <3>
& s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
& s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
& q
-$ git checkout -b topic/one master
+$ git switch -c topic/one master
$ git am -3 -i -s ./+to-apply <4>
$ compile/test
-$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <5>
-$ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6>
-$ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7>
+$ git switch -c hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <5>
+$ git switch topic/one && git rebase master <6>
+$ git switch -C pu next <7>
$ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8>
-$ git checkout maint
+$ git switch maint
$ git cherry-pick master~4 <9>
$ compile/test
$ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10>
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ automatically. The asterisk marks the branch you are currently on;
type
------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout experimental
+$ git switch experimental
------------------------------------------------
to switch to the experimental branch. Now edit a file, commit the
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ change, and switch back to the master branch:
------------------------------------------------
(edit file)
$ git commit -a
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch master
------------------------------------------------
Check that the change you made is no longer visible, since it was
@@ -301,8 +301,7 @@ topics on 'next':
.Rewind and rebuild next
[caption="Recipe: "]
=====================================
-* `git checkout next`
-* `git reset --hard master`
+* `git switch -C next master`
* `git merge ai/topic_in_next1`
* `git merge ai/topic_in_next2`
* ...
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Here's an example to make it more clear:
------------------------------
$ git config push.default current
$ git config remote.pushdefault myfork
-$ git checkout -b mybranch origin/master
+$ git switch -c mybranch origin/master
$ git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{upstream}
refs/remotes/origin/master
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ Tags are expected to always point at the same version of a project,
while heads are expected to advance as development progresses.
Create a new branch head pointing to one of these versions and check it
-out using linkgit:git-checkout[1]:
+out using linkgit:git-switch[1]:
------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b new v2.6.13
+$ git switch -c new v2.6.13
------------------------------------------------
The working directory then reflects the contents that the project had
@@ -282,10 +282,10 @@ a summary of the commands:
this command will fail with a warning.
`git branch -D <branch>`::
delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status.
-`git checkout <branch>`::
+`git switch <branch>`::
make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`.
-`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
+`git switch -c <new> <start-point>`::
create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
check it out.
@@ -302,22 +302,22 @@ ref: refs/heads/master
Examining an old version without creating a new branch
------------------------------------------------------
-The `git checkout` command normally expects a branch head, but will also
-accept an arbitrary commit; for example, you can check out the commit
-referenced by a tag:
+The `git switch` command normally expects a branch head, but will also
+accept an arbitrary commit when invoked with --detach; for example,
+you can check out the commit referenced by a tag:
------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout v2.6.17
+$ git switch --detach v2.6.17
Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'.
You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
-state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+state without impacting any branches by performing another switch.
If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
-do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+do so (now or later) by using -c with the switch command again. Example:
- git checkout -b new_branch_name
+ git switch -c new_branch_name
HEAD is now at 427abfa Linux v2.6.17
------------------------------------------------
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:
------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
+$ git switch -c my-todo-copy origin/todo
------------------------------------------------
You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
@@ -2211,8 +2211,8 @@ $ git branch --track release origin/master
These can be easily kept up to date using linkgit:git-pull[1].
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout test && git pull
-$ git checkout release && git pull
+$ git switch test && git pull
+$ git switch release && git pull
-------------------------------------------------
Important note! If you have any local changes in these branches, then
@@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ tested changes
2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
+$ git switch -c speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
-------------------------------------------------
Now you apply the patch(es), run some tests, and commit the change(s). If
@@ -2279,7 +2279,7 @@ When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the
"test" branch in preparation to make it public:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git switch test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
-------------------------------------------------
It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
@@ -2291,7 +2291,7 @@ see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch. It
means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git switch release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
-------------------------------------------------
After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
@@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
`origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork origin
+$ git switch -c mywork origin
$ vi file.txt
$ git commit
$ vi otherfile.txt
@@ -2552,7 +2552,7 @@ commits without any merges, you may instead choose to use
linkgit:git-rebase[1]:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout mywork
+$ git switch mywork
$ git rebase origin
-------------------------------------------------
@@ -3668,13 +3668,13 @@ change within the submodule, and then update the superproject to reference the
new commit:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout master
+$ git switch master
-------------------------------------------------
or
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b fix-up
+$ git switch -c fix-up
-------------------------------------------------
then
@@ -4194,7 +4194,7 @@ start.
A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
----------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout e83c5163
+$ git switch --detach e83c5163
----------------------------------------------------
The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
@@ -4437,10 +4437,10 @@ Managing branches
-----------------
-----------------------------------------------
-$ git branch # list all local branches in this repo
-$ git checkout test # switch working directory to branch "test"
-$ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
-$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
+$ git branch # list all local branches in this repo
+$ git switch test # switch working directory to branch "test"
+$ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
+$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
-----------------------------------------------
Instead of basing a new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
@@ -4456,7 +4456,7 @@ $ git branch new test~10 # ten commits before tip of branch "test"
Create and switch to a new branch at the same time:
-----------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b new v2.6.15
+$ git switch -c new v2.6.15
-----------------------------------------------
Update and examine branches from the repository you cloned from:
@@ -4467,7 +4467,7 @@ $ git branch -r # list
origin/master
origin/next
...
-$ git checkout -b masterwork origin/master
+$ git switch -c masterwork origin/master
-----------------------------------------------
Fetch a branch from a different repository, and give it a new
@@ -191,20 +191,20 @@ void NORETURN die_conclude_merge(void)
void detach_advice(const char *new_name)
{
const char *fmt =
- _("Note: checking out '%s'.\n"
+ _("Note: switching to '%s'.\n"
"\n"
"You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental\n"
"changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this\n"
- "state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.\n"
+ "state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch.\n"
"\n"
"If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may\n"
- "do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n"
+ "do so (now or later) by using -c with the switch command. Example:\n"
"\n"
- " git checkout -b <new-branch-name>\n"
+ " git switch -c <new-branch-name>\n"
"\n"
"Or undo this checkout with:\n"
"\n"
- " git checkout -\n"
+ " git switch -\n"
"\n"
"Turn off this advice by setting config variable advice.detachedHead to false\n\n");
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ static int get_oid_basic(const char *str, int len, struct object_id *oid,
"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
"\n"
- " git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+ " git switch -c $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
"\n"
"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
@@ -195,20 +195,20 @@ test_expect_success 'describe_detached_head prints no SHA-1 ellipsis when not as
# The first detach operation is more chatty than the following ones.
cat >1st_detach <<-EOF &&
- Note: checking out 'HEAD^'.
+ Note: switching to 'HEAD^'.
You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
- state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+ state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch.
If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
- do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+ do so (now or later) by using -c with the switch command. Example:
- git checkout -b <new-branch-name>
+ git switch -c <new-branch-name>
Or undo this checkout with:
- git checkout -
+ git switch -
Turn off this advice by setting config variable advice.detachedHead to false
@@ -277,20 +277,20 @@ test_expect_success 'describe_detached_head does print SHA-1 ellipsis when asked
# The first detach operation is more chatty than the following ones.
cat >1st_detach <<-EOF &&
- Note: checking out 'HEAD^'.
+ Note: switching to 'HEAD^'.
You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
- state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+ state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch.
If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
- do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+ do so (now or later) by using -c with the switch command. Example:
- git checkout -b <new-branch-name>
+ git switch -c <new-branch-name>
Or undo this checkout with:
- git checkout -
+ git switch -
Turn off this advice by setting config variable advice.detachedHead to false