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+Link time optimization (LTO) for the Linux kernel
+
+This is an experimental feature which still has various problems.
+
+Link Time Optimization allows the compiler to optimize the complete program
+instead of just each file. Link Time Optimization was a new feature in gcc 4.6,
+but only really works with gcc 4.7. The kernel LTO build also requires
+the Linux binutils (the normal FSF releases do not work at the moment)
+
+The compiler can inline functions between files and do some other global
+optimizations. It will also drop unused functions which can make the kernel
+image smaller in some circumstances. The binary gets somewhat larger.
+In return the resulting kernels (usually) have better performance.
+
+Build time and memory consumption at build time will increase.
+The build time penalty depends on the size of the vmlinux. Reasonable
+sized vmlinux build about twice as long, much larger monolithic kernels
+like allyesconfig ~4x as long. Modular kernels are less affected.
+
+Normal "reasonable" builds work with less than 4GB of RAM, but very large
+configurations like allyesconfig can need upto 9GB.
+
+Issues:
+- Various workarounds in kernel needed for toolchain problem.
+- A few kernel features are currently incompatible with LTO, in particular
+function tracing, because they require special compiler flags for
+specific files, which is not supported in LTO right now.
+- The build is faster with LTO_SLIM enabled, but this still triggers
+problems in some circumstances (currently disabled)
+- Jobserver control for -j does not work correctly for the final
+LTO phase. The makefiles hardcodes -j<number of online cpus>
+
+Configuration:
+- Enable CONFIG_LTO_MENU and then disable CONFIG_LTO_DISABLE.
+This is mainly to not have allyesconfig default to LTO.
+- FUNCTION_TRACER, STACK_TRACER, FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER have to disabled
+because they are currently incompatible with LTO.
+- MODVERSIONS have to be disabled because they are not fixed for LTO
+yet.
+
+Requirements:
+- Enough memory: 4GB for a standard build, ~8GB for allyesconfig
+If you are tight on memory and use tmpfs as /tmp define TMPDIR and
+point it to a directory on disk. The peak memory usage
+happens single threaded (when lto-wpa merges types), so dialing
+back -j options will not help much.
+
+A 32bit compiler is unlikely to work due to the memory requirements.
+You can however build a kernel targetted at 32bit on a 64bit host.
+
+- Get the Linux binutils from
+http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/
+Sorry standard binutils releases don't work
+The kernel build has to use this linker, so if it is installed
+in a non standard location use LD=... on the make line.
+
+- gcc 4.7 built with plugin ld (--with-plugin-ld) also pointing to the
+linker from the Linux binutils and LTO
+
+Example build procedure for the tool chain and kernel. This does not
+overwrite the standard compiler toolchain on the system. If you already
+have a suitable gcc 4.7+ compiler and linker the toolchain build can
+be skipped (note that a distribution gcc 4.7 is not necessarily
+correctly configured for LTO)
+
+Get the Linux binutils from http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/
+The standard binutils do not work at this point!
+
+Unpack binutils
+
+cd binutils-VERSION (or plain binutils in some versions)
+./configure --prefix=/opt/binutils-VERSION --enable-plugins
+nice -n20 make -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
+sudo make install
+sudo ln -sf /opt/binutils-VERSION/bin/ld /usr/local/bin/ld-plugin
+
+Unpack gcc-4.7
+
+mkdir obj-gcc
+# please don't skip this cd. the build will not work correctly in the
+# source dir, you have to use the separate object dir
+cd obj-gcc
+# make sure to install gmp-devel and mpfr-devel
+# and the 32bit glibc package if you have a multilib system
+# if mpc-devel is not there get it from
+# http://www.multiprecision.org/mpc/download/mpc-0.8.2.tar.gz
+# and install in gcc-4.7*/mpc
+../gcc-4.7*/configure --prefix=/opt/gcc-4.7 --enable-lto \
+--with-plugin-ld=/usr/local/bin/ld-plugin \
+--disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++ \
+--disable-libstdcxx-pch
+nice -n20 make -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
+sudo make install-no-fixedincludes
+sudo ln -sf /opt/gcc-4.7/bin/gcc /usr/local/bin/gcc47
+sudo ln -sf /opt/gcc-4.7/bin/gcc-ar /usr/local/bin/gcc-ar47
+
+# get lto tree in linux-lto
+
+mkdir obj-lto
+cd obj-lto
+# copy a suitable kernel config file into .config
+make -C ../linux-lto O=$(pwd) oldconfig
+./source/scripts/config --disable function_tracer --disable function_graph_tracer \
+ --disable stack_tracer --enable lto_menu \
+ --disable lto_disable --disable lto_debug --disable lto_slim
+export TMPDIR=$(pwd)
+# this lowers memory usage with /tmp=tmpfs
+# note the special ar is only needed if CONFIG_LTO_SLIM is enabled
+# The PATH is that gcc-ar finds a plugin aware ar, if your standard
+# binutils doesn't support that. If the standard ar supports --plugin
+# it is not needed
+PATH=/opt/binutils-VERSION:$PATH nice -n20 make CC=gcc47 LD=ld-plugin AR=gcc-ar47 \
+-j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
+
+Andi Kleen