===================================================================
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ I/O with a little enhancement.
2. Setting up blkio-cgroup
+Note: If dm-ioband is to be used with blkio-cgroup, then the dm-ioband
+patch needs to be applied first.
+
The following kernel config options are required.
CONFIG_CGROUPS=y
@@ -43,7 +46,244 @@ determined by retrieving the ID number f
the page cgroup is associated with the page which is involved in the
I/O.
-4. Contact
+If the dm-ioband support patch was applied then the blkio.devices and
+blkio.settings files will also be present.
+
+4. Using dm-ioband and blkio-cgroup
+
+This section describes how to set up dm-ioband and blkio-cgroup in
+order to control bandwidth on a per cgroup per logical volume basis.
+The example used in this section assumes that there are two LVM volume
+groups on individual hard disks and two logical volumes on each volume
+group.
+
+ Table. LVM configurations
+
+ --------------------------------------------------------------
+ | LVM volume groups | vg0 on /dev/sda | vg1 on /dev/sdb |
+ |----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
+ | LVM logical volume | lv0 | lv1 | lv0 | lv1 |
+ --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+4.1. Creating a dm-ioband logical device
+
+A dm-ioband logical device needs to be created and stacked on the
+device that is to bandwidth controlled. In this example the dm-ioband
+logical devices are stacked on each of the existing LVM logical
+volumes. By using the LVM facilities there is no need to unmount any
+logical volumes, even in the case of a volume being used as the root
+device. The following script is an example of how to stack and remove
+dm-ioband devices.
+
+==================== cut here (ioband.sh) ====================
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# NOTE: You must run "ioband.sh stop" to restore the device-mapper
+# settings before changing logical volume settings, such as activate,
+# rename, resize and so on. These constraints would be eliminated by
+# enhancing LVM tools to support dm-ioband.
+
+logvols="vg0-lv0 vg0-lv1 vg1-lv0 vg1-lv1"
+
+start()
+{
+ for lv in $logvols; do
+ volgrp=${lv%%-*}
+ orig=${lv}-orig
+
+ # clone an existing logical volume.
+ /sbin/dmsetup table $lv | /sbin/dmsetup create $orig
+
+ # stack a dm-ioband device on the clone.
+ size=$(/sbin/blockdev --getsize /dev/mapper/$orig)
+ cat<<-EOM | /sbin/dmsetup load ${lv}
+ 0 $size ioband /dev/mapper/${orig} ${volgrp} 0 0 cgroup weight 0 :100
+ EOM
+
+ # activate the new setting.
+ /sbin/dmsetup resume $lv
+ done
+}
+
+stop()
+{
+ for lv in $logvols; do
+ orig=${lv}-orig
+
+ # restore the original setting.
+ /sbin/dmsetup table $orig | /sbin/dmsetup load $lv
+
+ # activate the new setting.
+ /sbin/dmsetup resume $lv
+
+ # remove the clone.
+ /sbin/dmsetup remove $orig
+ done
+}
+
+case "$1" in
+ start)
+ start
+ ;;
+ stop)
+ stop
+ ;;
+esac
+exit 0
+==================== cut here (ioband.sh) ====================
+
+The following diagram shows how dm-ioband devices are stacked on and
+removed from the logical volumes.
+
+ Figure. stacking and removing dm-ioband devices
+
+ run "ioband.sh start"
+ ===>
+
+ ----------------------- -----------------------
+ | lv0 | lv1 | | lv0 | lv1 |
+ |(dm-linear)|(dm-linear)| |(dm-ioband)|(dm-ioband)|
+ |-----------------------| |-----------------------|
+ | vg0 | | lv0-orig | lv1-orig |
+ ----------------------- |(dm-linear)|(dm-linear)|
+ |-----------------------|
+ | vg0 |
+ -----------------------
+ <===
+ run "ioband.sh stop"
+
+After creating the dm-ioband devices, the settings can be observed by
+reading the blkio.devices file.
+
+# cat /cgroup/blkio.devices
+vg0 policy=weight io_throttle=4 io_limit=192 token=768 carryover=2
+ vg0-lv0
+ vg0-lv1
+vg1 policy=weight io_throttle=4 io_limit=192 token=768 carryover=2
+ vg1-lv0
+ vg1-lv1
+
+The first field in the first line is the symbolic name for an ioband
+device group, and the subsequent fields are settings for the ioband
+device group. The settings can be changed by writing to the
+blkio.devices, for example:
+
+# echo vg1 policy range-bw > /cgroup/blkio.devices
+
+Please refer to Document/device-mapper/ioband.txt which describes the
+details of the ioband device group settings.
+
+The second and the third indented lines "vg0-lv0" and "vg0-lv1" are
+the names of the dm-ioband devices that belong to the ioband device
+group. Typically, dm-ioband devices that reside on the same hard disk
+should belong to the same ioband device group in order to share the
+bandwidth of the hard disk.
+
+dm-ioband is not restricted to working with LVM, it may work in
+conjunction with any type of block device. Please refer to
+Documentation/device-mapper/ioband.txt for more details.
+
+4.2 Setting up dm-ioband through the blkio-cgroup interface
+
+The following table shows the given settings for this example. The
+bandwidth will be assigned on a per cgroup per logical volume basis.
+
+ Table. Settings for each cgroup
+
+ --------------------------------------------------------------
+ | LVM volume groups | vg0 on /dev/sda | vg1 on /dev/sdb |
+ |----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
+ | LVM logical volume | lv0 | lv1 | lv0 | lv1 |
+ |----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
+ | bandwidth control | relative | absolute |
+ | policy | weight | bandwidth limit |
+ |----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
+ | unit | weight value (*1) | throughput [KB/s] |
+ |----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
+ | settings for cgroup1 | 40 (16) | 90 (36) | 400 | 900 |
+ |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
+ | settings for cgroup2 | 20 (8) | 60 (24) | 200 | 600 |
+ |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
+ | for other cgroups | 10 (4) | 30 (12) | 100 | 300 |
+ --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ *1: The values enclosed in () denote the preceding weight
+ as a percentage of the total weight. The bandwidth of
+ vg0 is distributed proportional to the total weight.
+
+The set-up is described step-by-step below.
+
+1) Create new cgroups using the mkdir command
+
+# mkdir /cgroup/1
+# mkdir /cgroup/2
+
+2) Set bandwidth control policy on each ioband device group
+
+The set-up of bandwidth control policy is done by writing to
+blkio.devices file.
+
+# echo vg0 policy weight > /cgroup/blkio.devices
+# echo vg1 policy range-bw > /cgroup/blkio.devices
+
+3) Set up the root cgroup
+
+The root cgroup represents the default blkio-cgroup. If an I/O is
+performed by a process in a cgroup and the cgroup is not set up by
+blkio-cgroup, the I/O is charged to the root cgroup.
+
+The set-up of the root cgroup is done by writing to blkio.settings
+file in the cgroup's root directory. The following commands write
+the settings of each logical volume to that file.
+
+# echo vg0-lv0 10 > /cgroup/bklio.settings
+# echo vg0-lv1 30 > /cgroup/bklio.settings
+# echo vg1-lv0 100:100 > /cgroup/blkio.settings
+# echo vg1-lv1 300:300 > /cgroup/blkio.settings
+
+The settings can be verified by reading the blkio.settings file.
+
+# cat /cgroup/blkio.settings
+vg0-lv0 weight=10
+vg0-lv1 weight=30
+vg1-lv0 range-bw=100:100
+vg1-lv1 range-bw=300:300
+
+4) Set up cgroup1 and cgroup2
+
+New cgroups are set up in the same manner as the root cgroup.
+
+Settings for cgroup1
+# echo vg0-lv0 40 > /cgroup/1/blkio.settings
+# echo vg0-lv1 90 > /cgroup/1/bklio.settings
+# echo vg1-lv0 400:400 > /cgroup/1/blkio.settings
+# echo vg1-lv1 900:900 > /cgroup/1/bklio.settings
+
+Settings for cgroup2
+# echo vg0-lv0 20 > /cgroup/2/blkio.settings
+# echo vg0-lv1 60 > /cgroup/2/bklio.settings
+# echo vg1-lv0 200:200 > /cgroup/2/blkio.settings
+# echo vg1-lv1 600:600 > /cgroup/2/bklio.settings
+
+Again, the settings can be verified by reading the appropriate
+blkio.settings file.
+
+# cat /cgroup/1/blkio.settings
+vg0-lv0 weight=40
+vg0-lv1 weight=90
+vg1-lv0 range-bw=400:400
+vg1-lv1 range-bw=900:900
+
+If only the logical volume name is specified, the entry for the
+logical volume is removed.
+
+# echo vg0-lv1 > /cgroup/1/vlkio.setting
+# cat /cgroup/1/blkio.settings
+vg0-lv0 weight=40
+vg0-lv1 weight=90
+vg1-lv0 range-bw=400:400
+
+5. Contact
Linux Block I/O Bandwidth Control Project
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ioband/