diff --git a/common/config b/common/config
index 2f1f272..6e83fca 100644
--- a/common/config
+++ b/common/config
@@ -194,6 +194,16 @@ export CHECKBASHISMS_PROG="$(type -P checkbashisms)"
 export XFS_INFO_PROG="$(type -P xfs_info)"
 export DUPEREMOVE_PROG="$(type -P duperemove)"
 
+# Export exit code used by fsck-type programs
+export FSCK_OK=0
+export FSCK_NONDESTRUCT=1
+export FSCK_REBOOT=2
+export FSCK_UNCORRECTED=4
+export FSCK_ERROR=8
+export FSCK_USAGE=16
+export FSCK_CANCELED=32
+export FSCK_LIBRARY=128
+
 # use 'udevadm settle' or 'udevsettle' to wait for lv to be settled.
 # newer systems have udevadm command but older systems like RHEL5 don't.
 # But if neither one is available, just set it to "sleep 1" to wait for lv to
diff --git a/tests/overlay/045 b/tests/overlay/045
index acc7087..04db626 100755
--- a/tests/overlay/045
+++ b/tests/overlay/045
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ _require_attrs
 _require_command "$FSCK_OVERLAY_PROG" fsck.overlay
 
 OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE_VAL=y
+OVL_XATTR_IMPURE_VAL=y
 
 # remove all files from previous tests
 _scratch_mkfs
@@ -69,6 +70,15 @@ make_opaque_dir()
 	$SETFATTR_PROG -n $OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE -v $OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE_VAL $target
 }
 
+# Create impure directories
+make_impure_dir()
+{
+	for dir in $*; do
+		mkdir -p $dir
+		$SETFATTR_PROG -n $OVL_XATTR_IMPURE -v $OVL_XATTR_IMPURE_VAL $dir
+	done
+}
+
 # Create a redirect directory
 make_redirect_dir()
 {
@@ -79,6 +89,19 @@ make_redirect_dir()
 	$SETFATTR_PROG -n $OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT -v $value $target
 }
 
+# Run fsck.overlay and check return value
+run_fsck()
+{
+	local expect=$1
+	shift 1
+
+	_overlay_fsck_dirs $* >> $seqres.full 2>&1
+	fsck_ret=$?
+
+	[[ "$fsck_ret" == "$expect" ]] || \
+		echo "fsck return unexpected:$expect,$fsck_ret"
+}
+
 # Create test directories
 lowerdir=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/lower
 lowerdir2=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/lower2
@@ -96,8 +119,7 @@ echo "+ Orphan whiteout"
 make_test_dirs
 make_whiteout $lowerdir/foo $upperdir/{foo,bar}
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 ls $lowerdir
 ls $upperdir
 
@@ -107,8 +129,7 @@ make_test_dirs
 touch $lowerdir2/{foo,bar}
 make_whiteout $upperdir/foo $lowerdir/bar
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p >> \
-	 $seqres.full 2>&1 || echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_whiteout $upperdir/foo $lowerdir/bar
 
 # Test orphan whiteout in opaque directory, should remove
@@ -119,8 +140,7 @@ touch $lowerdir/testdir/foo
 make_opaque_dir $upperdir/testdir
 make_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/foo
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 ls $upperdir/testdir
 
 # Test orphan whiteout whose parent path is not an merged directory,
@@ -135,8 +155,7 @@ make_whiteout $lowerdir/testdir2
 make_opaque_dir $lowerdir/testdir3
 make_whiteout $upperdir/{testdir1/foo,/testdir2/foo,testdir3/foo,testdir4/foo}
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p >> \
-	$seqres.full 2>&1 || echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p
 ls $upperdir/testdir1
 ls $upperdir/testdir2
 ls $upperdir/testdir3
@@ -150,8 +169,7 @@ touch $lowerdir/testdir/foo
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 make_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/foo
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 ls $upperdir/testdir
 
 # Test valid whiteout in redirect directory cover file in lower
@@ -160,11 +178,11 @@ echo "+ Valid whiteout(2)"
 make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/origin
 touch $lowerdir/origin/foo
+make_impure_dir $upperdir
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
-make_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/foo
+make_whiteout $upperdir/origin $upperdir/testdir/foo
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/foo
 
 # Test valid whiteout covering lower target whose parent directory
@@ -175,10 +193,10 @@ mkdir -p $lowerdir2/origin/subdir
 touch $lowerdir2/origin/subdir/foo
 make_redirect_dir $lowerdir/testdir "origin"
 mkdir -p $upperdir/testdir/subdir
-make_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
+make_whiteout $lowerdir/origin $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
+make_impure_dir $upperdir/testdir $upperdir
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p \
-	>> $seqres.full 2>&1 || echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
 
 # Test invalid whiteout in opaque subdirectory in a redirect directory,
@@ -191,8 +209,7 @@ make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 make_opaque_dir $upperdir/testdir/subdir
 make_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 ls $upperdir/testdir/subdir
 
 # Test valid whiteout in reidrect subdirectory in a opaque directory
@@ -203,10 +220,10 @@ mkdir $lowerdir/origin
 touch $lowerdir/origin/foo
 make_opaque_dir $upperdir/testdir
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir/subdir "/origin"
-make_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
+make_whiteout $upperdir/origin $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
+make_impure_dir $upperdir/testdir
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-        echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_whiteout $upperdir/testdir/subdir/foo
 
 # success, all done
diff --git a/tests/overlay/046 b/tests/overlay/046
index 1c09609..a87aaa6 100755
--- a/tests/overlay/046
+++ b/tests/overlay/046
@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ _require_command "$FSCK_OVERLAY_PROG" fsck.overlay
 _scratch_mkfs
 
 OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE_VAL=y
+OVL_XATTR_IMPURE_VAL=y
+
+# Create impure directories
+make_impure_dir()
+{
+	for dir in $*; do
+		mkdir -p $dir
+		$SETFATTR_PROG -n $OVL_XATTR_IMPURE -v $OVL_XATTR_IMPURE_VAL $dir
+	done
+}
 
 # Create a redirect directory
 make_redirect_dir()
@@ -104,6 +114,19 @@ check_whiteout()
 	done
 }
 
+# Run fsck.overlay and check return value
+run_fsck()
+{
+	local expect=$1
+	shift 1
+
+	_overlay_fsck_dirs $* >> $seqres.full 2>&1
+	fsck_ret=$?
+
+	[[ "$fsck_ret" == "$expect" ]] || \
+		echo "fsck return unexpected:$expect,$fsck_ret"
+}
+
 # Create test directories
 lowerdir=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/lower
 lowerdir2=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/lower2
@@ -121,8 +144,7 @@ echo "+ Invalid redirect"
 make_test_dirs
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "invalid"
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_no_redirect $upperdir/testdir
 
 # Test invalid redirect xattr point to a file origin, should remove
@@ -131,8 +153,7 @@ make_test_dirs
 touch $lowerdir/origin
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_no_redirect $upperdir/testdir
 
 # Test valid redirect xattr point to a directory origin in the same directory,
@@ -142,9 +163,9 @@ make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/origin
 make_whiteout $upperdir/origin
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
+make_impure_dir $upperdir
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_redirect $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 
 # Test valid redirect xattr point to a directory origin in different directories
@@ -154,9 +175,9 @@ make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/origin
 make_whiteout $upperdir/origin
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir1/testdir2 "/origin"
+make_impure_dir $upperdir/testdir1
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_redirect $upperdir/testdir1/testdir2 "/origin"
 
 # Test valid redirect xattr but missing whiteout to cover lower target,
@@ -166,8 +187,7 @@ make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/origin
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_redirect $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 check_whiteout $upperdir/origin
 
@@ -177,9 +197,9 @@ make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/{testdir1,testdir2}
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir1 "testdir2"
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir2 "testdir1"
+make_impure_dir $upperdir
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_OK $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_redirect $upperdir/testdir1 "testdir2"
 check_redirect $upperdir/testdir2 "testdir1"
 
@@ -191,8 +211,7 @@ mkdir $lowerdir/testdir
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "invalid"
 
 # Question get yes answer: Should set opaque dir ?
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -y >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -y
 check_no_redirect $upperdir/testdir
 check_opaque $upperdir/testdir
 
@@ -205,12 +224,10 @@ make_redirect_dir $lowerdir/testdir1 "origin"
 make_redirect_dir $lowerdir/testdir2 "origin"
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir3 "origin"
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p >> \
-	$seqres.full 2>&1 && echo "fsck should fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_UNCORRECTED "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -p
 
 # Question get yes answer: Duplicate redirect directory, remove xattr ?
-_overlay_fsck_dirs "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -y >> \
-	$seqres.full 2>&1 || echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT "$lowerdir:$lowerdir2" $upperdir $workdir -y
 redirect_1=`check_redirect $lowerdir/testdir1 "origin" 2>/dev/null`
 redirect_2=`check_redirect $lowerdir/testdir2 "origin" 2>/dev/null`
 [[ $redirect_1 == $redirect_2 ]] && echo "Redirect xattr incorrect"
@@ -223,12 +240,10 @@ make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/origin $upperdir/origin
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "origin"
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 && \
-	echo "fsck should fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_UNCORRECTED $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 
 # Question get yes answer: Duplicate redirect directory, remove xattr ?
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -y >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -y
 check_no_redirect $upperdir/testdir
 
 # Test duplicate redirect xattr with lower same name directory exists,
@@ -240,8 +255,7 @@ make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir "invalid"
 
 # Question one get yes answer: Duplicate redirect directory, remove xattr?
 # Question two get yes answer: Should set opaque dir ?
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -y >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -y
 check_no_redirect $upperdir/testdir
 check_opaque $upperdir/testdir
 
diff --git a/tests/overlay/056 b/tests/overlay/056
index 778e1f6..9fca632 100755
--- a/tests/overlay/056
+++ b/tests/overlay/056
@@ -70,6 +70,19 @@ check_impure()
 	[[ "$value" == "$OVL_XATTR_IMPURE_VAL" ]] || echo "Missing impure xattr"
 }
 
+# Run fsck.overlay and check return value
+run_fsck()
+{
+	local expect=$1
+	shift 1
+
+	_overlay_fsck_dirs $* >> $seqres.full 2>&1
+	fsck_ret=$?
+
+	[[ "$fsck_ret" == "$expect" ]] || \
+		echo "fsck return unexpected:$expect,$fsck_ret"
+}
+
 # Create test directories
 lowerdir=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/lower
 lowerdir2=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/lower2
@@ -96,8 +109,7 @@ $UMOUNT_PROG $SCRATCH_MNT
 remove_impure $upperdir/testdir1
 remove_impure $upperdir/testdir2
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_impure $upperdir/testdir1
 check_impure $upperdir/testdir2
 
@@ -108,8 +120,7 @@ make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/origin
 make_redirect_dir $upperdir/testdir/subdir "/origin"
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_impure $upperdir/testdir
 
 # Test missing impure xattr in directory which has merge directories,
@@ -118,8 +129,7 @@ echo "+ Missing impure(3)"
 make_test_dirs
 mkdir $lowerdir/testdir $upperdir/testdir
 
-_overlay_fsck_dirs $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || \
-	echo "fsck should not fail"
+run_fsck $FSCK_NONDESTRUCT $lowerdir $upperdir $workdir -p
 check_impure $upperdir
 
 # success, all done
