diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index dd0d9c360f..5f17de38e2 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -316,6 +316,11 @@ int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
 	return check_or_sanitize_refname(refname, flags, NULL);
 }
 
+int refs_fsck(struct ref_store *refs, struct fsck_options *o)
+{
+	return refs->be->fsck(refs, o);
+}
+
 void sanitize_refname_component(const char *refname, struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	if (check_or_sanitize_refname(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL, out))
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index df8cbf6124..946e929af9 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "commit.h"
 
+struct fsck_options;
 struct object_id;
 struct ref_store;
 struct repository;
@@ -547,6 +548,13 @@ int refs_for_each_reflog(struct ref_store *refs, each_reflog_fn fn, void *cb_dat
  */
 int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags);
 
+/*
+ * Check the reference database for consistency. Return 0 if refs and
+ * reflogs are consistent, and non-zero otherwise. The errors will be
+ * written to stderr.
+ */
+int refs_fsck(struct ref_store *refs, struct fsck_options *o);
+
 /*
  * Apply the rules from check_refname_format, but mutate the result until it
  * is acceptable, and place the result in "out".
diff --git a/refs/debug.c b/refs/debug.c
index 547d9245b9..45e2e784a0 100644
--- a/refs/debug.c
+++ b/refs/debug.c
@@ -419,6 +419,15 @@ static int debug_reflog_expire(struct ref_store *ref_store, const char *refname,
 	return res;
 }
 
+static int debug_fsck(struct ref_store *ref_store,
+		      struct fsck_options *o)
+{
+	struct debug_ref_store *drefs = (struct debug_ref_store *)ref_store;
+	int res = drefs->refs->be->fsck(drefs->refs, o);
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_refs, "fsck: %d\n", res);
+	return res;
+}
+
 struct ref_storage_be refs_be_debug = {
 	.name = "debug",
 	.init = NULL,
@@ -451,4 +460,6 @@ struct ref_storage_be refs_be_debug = {
 	.create_reflog = debug_create_reflog,
 	.delete_reflog = debug_delete_reflog,
 	.reflog_expire = debug_reflog_expire,
+
+	.fsck = debug_fsck,
 };
diff --git a/refs/files-backend.c b/refs/files-backend.c
index 44c5c3b201..817813e723 100644
--- a/refs/files-backend.c
+++ b/refs/files-backend.c
@@ -3406,6 +3406,17 @@ static int files_ref_store_remove_on_disk(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int files_fsck(struct ref_store *ref_store,
+		      struct fsck_options *o)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct files_ref_store *refs =
+		files_downcast(ref_store, REF_STORE_READ, "fsck");
+
+	ret = refs->packed_ref_store->be->fsck(refs->packed_ref_store, o);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 struct ref_storage_be refs_be_files = {
 	.name = "files",
 	.init = files_ref_store_init,
@@ -3432,5 +3443,7 @@ struct ref_storage_be refs_be_files = {
 	.reflog_exists = files_reflog_exists,
 	.create_reflog = files_create_reflog,
 	.delete_reflog = files_delete_reflog,
-	.reflog_expire = files_reflog_expire
+	.reflog_expire = files_reflog_expire,
+
+	.fsck = files_fsck,
 };
diff --git a/refs/packed-backend.c b/refs/packed-backend.c
index c4c1e36aa2..ad3e8fb1d1 100644
--- a/refs/packed-backend.c
+++ b/refs/packed-backend.c
@@ -1733,6 +1733,12 @@ static struct ref_iterator *packed_reflog_iterator_begin(struct ref_store *ref_s
 	return empty_ref_iterator_begin();
 }
 
+static int packed_fsck(struct ref_store *ref_store,
+		       struct fsck_options *o)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 struct ref_storage_be refs_be_packed = {
 	.name = "packed",
 	.init = packed_ref_store_init,
@@ -1760,4 +1766,6 @@ struct ref_storage_be refs_be_packed = {
 	.create_reflog = NULL,
 	.delete_reflog = NULL,
 	.reflog_expire = NULL,
+
+	.fsck = packed_fsck,
 };
diff --git a/refs/refs-internal.h b/refs/refs-internal.h
index fa975d69aa..a905e187cd 100644
--- a/refs/refs-internal.h
+++ b/refs/refs-internal.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "iterator.h"
 
+struct fsck_options;
 struct ref_transaction;
 
 /*
@@ -650,6 +651,9 @@ typedef int read_raw_ref_fn(struct ref_store *ref_store, const char *refname,
 typedef int read_symbolic_ref_fn(struct ref_store *ref_store, const char *refname,
 				 struct strbuf *referent);
 
+typedef int fsck_fn(struct ref_store *ref_store,
+		    struct fsck_options *o);
+
 struct ref_storage_be {
 	const char *name;
 	ref_store_init_fn *init;
@@ -677,6 +681,8 @@ struct ref_storage_be {
 	create_reflog_fn *create_reflog;
 	delete_reflog_fn *delete_reflog;
 	reflog_expire_fn *reflog_expire;
+
+	fsck_fn *fsck;
 };
 
 extern struct ref_storage_be refs_be_files;
diff --git a/refs/reftable-backend.c b/refs/reftable-backend.c
index 7d872a32ac..7f07de8d45 100644
--- a/refs/reftable-backend.c
+++ b/refs/reftable-backend.c
@@ -2292,6 +2292,12 @@ static int reftable_be_reflog_expire(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int reftable_be_fsck(struct ref_store *ref_store,
+			    struct fsck_options *o)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 struct ref_storage_be refs_be_reftable = {
 	.name = "reftable",
 	.init = reftable_be_init,
@@ -2319,4 +2325,6 @@ struct ref_storage_be refs_be_reftable = {
 	.create_reflog = reftable_be_create_reflog,
 	.delete_reflog = reftable_be_delete_reflog,
 	.reflog_expire = reftable_be_reflog_expire,
+
+	.fsck = reftable_be_fsck,
 };
