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Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 19:17:52 -0400
From: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
To: git@vger.kernel.org
Cc: avarab@gmail.com, derrickstolee@github.com, gitster@pobox.com,
        jrnieder@gmail.com, larsxschneider@gmail.com, tytso@mit.edu
Subject: [PATCH v5 08/17] builtin/pack-objects.c: --cruft without expiration
Message-ID: 
 <e3185741f21a9271aa3f0eb191b30d84d3d2e975.1653088640.git.me@ttaylorr.com>
References: <cover.1638224692.git.me@ttaylorr.com>
 <cover.1653088640.git.me@ttaylorr.com>
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Teach `pack-objects` how to generate a cruft pack when no objects are
dropped (i.e., `--cruft-expiration=never`). Later patches will teach
`pack-objects` how to generate a cruft pack that prunes objects.

When generating a cruft pack which does not prune objects, we want to
collect all unreachable objects into a single pack (noting and updating
their mtimes as we accumulate them). Ordinary use will pass the result
of a `git repack -A` as a kept pack, so when this patch says "kept
pack", readers should think "reachable objects".

Generating a non-expiring cruft packs works as follows:

  - Callers provide a list of every pack they know about, and indicate
    which packs are about to be removed.

  - All packs which are going to be removed (we'll call these the
    redundant ones) are marked as kept in-core.

    Any packs the caller did not mention (but are known to the
    `pack-objects` process) are also marked as kept in-core. Packs not
    mentioned by the caller are assumed to be unknown to them, i.e.,
    they entered the repository after the caller decided which packs
    should be kept and which should be discarded.

    Since we do not want to include objects in these "unknown" packs
    (because we don't know which of their objects are or aren't
    reachable), these are also marked as kept in-core.

  - Then, we enumerate all objects in the repository, and add them to
    our packing list if they do not appear in an in-core kept pack.

This results in a new cruft pack which contains all known objects that
aren't included in the kept packs. When the kept pack is the result of
`git repack -A`, the resulting pack contains all unreachable objects.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
---
 Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt |  30 ++++
 builtin/pack-objects.c             | 201 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 object-file.c                      |   2 +-
 object-store.h                     |   2 +
 t/t5329-pack-objects-cruft.sh      | 218 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 448 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 t/t5329-pack-objects-cruft.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index f8344e1e5b..a9995a932c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	[--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
 	[--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
 	[--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>]
+	[--cruft] [--cruft-expiration=<time>]
 	[--stdout [--filter=<filter-spec>] | <base-name>]
 	[--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] [--[no-]sparse] < <object-list>
 
@@ -95,6 +96,35 @@ base-name::
 Incompatible with `--revs`, or options that imply `--revs` (such as
 `--all`), with the exception of `--unpacked`, which is compatible.
 
+--cruft::
+	Packs unreachable objects into a separate "cruft" pack, denoted
+	by the existence of a `.mtimes` file. Typically used by `git
+	repack --cruft`. Callers provide a list of pack names and
+	indicate which packs will remain in the repository, along with
+	which packs will be deleted (indicated by the `-` prefix). The
+	contents of the cruft pack are all objects not contained in the
+	surviving packs which have not exceeded the grace period (see
+	`--cruft-expiration` below), or which have exceeded the grace
+	period, but are reachable from an other object which hasn't.
++
+When the input lists a pack containing all reachable objects (and lists
+all other packs as pending deletion), the corresponding cruft pack will
+contain all unreachable objects (with mtime newer than the
+`--cruft-expiration`) along with any unreachable objects whose mtime is
+older than the `--cruft-expiration`, but are reachable from an
+unreachable object whose mtime is newer than the `--cruft-expiration`).
++
+Incompatible with `--unpack-unreachable`, `--keep-unreachable`,
+`--pack-loose-unreachable`, `--stdin-packs`, as well as any other
+options which imply `--revs`. Also incompatible with `--max-pack-size`;
+when this option is set, the maximum pack size is not inferred from
+`pack.packSizeLimit`.
+
+--cruft-expiration=<approxidate>::
+	If specified, objects are eliminated from the cruft pack if they
+	have an mtime older than `<approxidate>`. If unspecified (and
+	given `--cruft`), then no objects are eliminated.
+
 --window=<n>::
 --depth=<n>::
 	These two options affect how the objects contained in
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index c6d16872ee..9cf89be673 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "trace2.h"
 #include "shallow.h"
 #include "promisor-remote.h"
+#include "pack-mtimes.h"
 
 /*
  * Objects we are going to pack are collected in the `to_pack` structure.
@@ -194,6 +195,8 @@ static int reuse_delta = 1, reuse_object = 1;
 static int keep_unreachable, unpack_unreachable, include_tag;
 static timestamp_t unpack_unreachable_expiration;
 static int pack_loose_unreachable;
+static int cruft;
+static timestamp_t cruft_expiration;
 static int local;
 static int have_non_local_packs;
 static int incremental;
@@ -1260,6 +1263,9 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 					&to_pack, written_list, nr_written);
 			}
 
+			if (cruft)
+				pack_idx_opts.flags |= WRITE_MTIMES;
+
 			stage_tmp_packfiles(&tmpname, pack_tmp_name,
 					    written_list, nr_written,
 					    &to_pack, &pack_idx_opts, hash,
@@ -3397,6 +3403,135 @@ static void read_packs_list_from_stdin(void)
 	string_list_clear(&exclude_packs, 0);
 }
 
+static void add_cruft_object_entry(const struct object_id *oid, enum object_type type,
+				   struct packed_git *pack, off_t offset,
+				   const char *name, uint32_t mtime)
+{
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+
+	display_progress(progress_state, ++nr_seen);
+
+	entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, oid);
+	if (entry) {
+		if (name) {
+			entry->hash = pack_name_hash(name);
+			entry->no_try_delta = no_try_delta(name);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!want_object_in_pack(oid, 0, &pack, &offset))
+			return;
+		if (!pack && type == OBJ_BLOB && !has_loose_object(oid)) {
+			/*
+			 * If a traversed tree has a missing blob then we want
+			 * to avoid adding that missing object to our pack.
+			 *
+			 * This only applies to missing blobs, not trees,
+			 * because the traversal needs to parse sub-trees but
+			 * not blobs.
+			 *
+			 * Note we only perform this check when we couldn't
+			 * already find the object in a pack, so we're really
+			 * limited to "ensure non-tip blobs which don't exist in
+			 * packs do exist via loose objects". Confused?
+			 */
+			return;
+		}
+
+		entry = create_object_entry(oid, type, pack_name_hash(name),
+					    0, name && no_try_delta(name),
+					    pack, offset);
+	}
+
+	if (mtime > oe_cruft_mtime(&to_pack, entry))
+		oe_set_cruft_mtime(&to_pack, entry, mtime);
+	return;
+}
+
+static void mark_pack_kept_in_core(struct string_list *packs, unsigned keep)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, packs) {
+		struct packed_git *p = item->util;
+		if (!p)
+			die(_("could not find pack '%s'"), item->string);
+		p->pack_keep_in_core = keep;
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_unreachable_loose_objects(void);
+static void add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(void);
+
+static void enumerate_cruft_objects(void)
+{
+	if (progress)
+		progress_state = start_progress(_("Enumerating cruft objects"), 0);
+
+	add_objects_in_unpacked_packs();
+	add_unreachable_loose_objects();
+
+	stop_progress(&progress_state);
+}
+
+static void read_cruft_objects(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list discard_packs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list fresh_packs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	ignore_packed_keep_in_core = 1;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			continue;
+
+		if (*buf.buf == '-')
+			string_list_append(&discard_packs, buf.buf + 1);
+		else
+			string_list_append(&fresh_packs, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+
+	string_list_sort(&discard_packs);
+	string_list_sort(&fresh_packs);
+
+	for (p = get_all_packs(the_repository); p; p = p->next) {
+		const char *pack_name = pack_basename(p);
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+
+		item = string_list_lookup(&fresh_packs, pack_name);
+		if (!item)
+			item = string_list_lookup(&discard_packs, pack_name);
+
+		if (item) {
+			item->util = p;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * This pack wasn't mentioned in either the "fresh" or
+			 * "discard" list, so the caller didn't know about it.
+			 *
+			 * Mark it as kept so that its objects are ignored by
+			 * add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(). We'll
+			 * unmark it before starting the traversal so it doesn't
+			 * halt the traversal early.
+			 */
+			p->pack_keep_in_core = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mark_pack_kept_in_core(&fresh_packs, 1);
+	mark_pack_kept_in_core(&discard_packs, 0);
+
+	if (cruft_expiration)
+		die("--cruft-expiration not yet implemented");
+	else
+		enumerate_cruft_objects();
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&discard_packs, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&fresh_packs, 0);
+}
+
 static void read_object_list_from_stdin(void)
 {
 	char line[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1 + PATH_MAX + 2];
@@ -3529,7 +3664,24 @@ static int add_object_in_unpacked_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
 				       uint32_t pos,
 				       void *_data)
 {
-	add_object_entry(oid, OBJ_NONE, "", 0);
+	if (cruft) {
+		off_t offset;
+		time_t mtime;
+
+		if (pack->is_cruft) {
+			if (load_pack_mtimes(pack) < 0)
+				die(_("could not load cruft pack .mtimes"));
+			mtime = nth_packed_mtime(pack, pos);
+		} else {
+			mtime = pack->mtime;
+		}
+		offset = nth_packed_object_offset(pack, pos);
+
+		add_cruft_object_entry(oid, OBJ_NONE, pack, offset,
+				       NULL, mtime);
+	} else {
+		add_object_entry(oid, OBJ_NONE, "", 0);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3553,7 +3705,19 @@ static int add_loose_object(const struct object_id *oid, const char *path,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	add_object_entry(oid, type, "", 0);
+	if (cruft) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				return 0;
+			return error_errno("unable to stat %s", oid_to_hex(oid));
+		}
+
+		add_cruft_object_entry(oid, type, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				       st.st_mtime);
+	} else {
+		add_object_entry(oid, type, "", 0);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3870,6 +4034,20 @@ static int option_parse_unpack_unreachable(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int option_parse_cruft_expiration(const struct option *opt,
+					 const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset) {
+		cruft = 0;
+		cruft_expiration = 0;
+	} else {
+		cruft = 1;
+		if (arg)
+			cruft_expiration = approxidate(arg);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 struct po_filter_data {
 	unsigned have_revs:1;
 	struct rev_info revs;
@@ -3959,6 +4137,10 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "unpack-unreachable", NULL, N_("time"),
 		  N_("unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_unpack_unreachable),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cruft", &cruft, N_("create a cruft pack")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "cruft-expiration", NULL, N_("time"),
+		  N_("expire cruft objects older than <time>"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_cruft_expiration),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "sparse", &sparse,
 			 N_("use the sparse reachability algorithm")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "thin", &thin,
@@ -4085,7 +4267,7 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (!HAVE_THREADS && delta_search_threads != 1)
 		warning(_("no threads support, ignoring --threads"));
-	if (!pack_to_stdout && !pack_size_limit)
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && !pack_size_limit && !cruft)
 		pack_size_limit = pack_size_limit_cfg;
 	if (pack_to_stdout && pack_size_limit)
 		die(_("--max-pack-size cannot be used to build a pack for transfer"));
@@ -4112,6 +4294,15 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (stdin_packs && use_internal_rev_list)
 		die(_("cannot use internal rev list with --stdin-packs"));
 
+	if (cruft) {
+		if (use_internal_rev_list)
+			die(_("cannot use internal rev list with --cruft"));
+		if (stdin_packs)
+			die(_("cannot use --stdin-packs with --cruft"));
+		if (pack_size_limit)
+			die(_("cannot use --max-pack-size with --cruft"));
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * "soft" reasons not to use bitmaps - for on-disk repack by default we want
 	 *
@@ -4168,7 +4359,7 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			    the_repository);
 	prepare_packing_data(the_repository, &to_pack);
 
-	if (progress)
+	if (progress && !cruft)
 		progress_state = start_progress(_("Enumerating objects"), 0);
 	if (stdin_packs) {
 		/* avoids adding objects in excluded packs */
@@ -4176,6 +4367,8 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		read_packs_list_from_stdin();
 		if (rev_list_unpacked)
 			add_unreachable_loose_objects();
+	} else if (cruft) {
+		read_cruft_objects();
 	} else if (!use_internal_rev_list) {
 		read_object_list_from_stdin();
 	} else if (pfd.have_revs) {
diff --git a/object-file.c b/object-file.c
index 5ffbf3d4fd..ff0cffe68e 100644
--- a/object-file.c
+++ b/object-file.c
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const struct object_id *oid)
 	return check_and_freshen_nonlocal(oid, 0);
 }
 
-static int has_loose_object(const struct object_id *oid)
+int has_loose_object(const struct object_id *oid)
 {
 	return check_and_freshen(oid, 0);
 }
diff --git a/object-store.h b/object-store.h
index 2c4671ed7a..c41609e8db 100644
--- a/object-store.h
+++ b/object-store.h
@@ -330,6 +330,8 @@ int repo_has_object_file_with_flags(struct repository *r,
  */
 int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const struct object_id *);
 
+int has_loose_object(const struct object_id *);
+
 /**
  * format_object_header() is a thin wrapper around s xsnprintf() that
  * writes the initial "<type> <obj-len>" part of the loose object
diff --git a/t/t5329-pack-objects-cruft.sh b/t/t5329-pack-objects-cruft.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..003ca7344e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5329-pack-objects-cruft.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='cruft pack related pack-objects tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+objdir=.git/objects
+packdir=$objdir/pack
+
+basic_cruft_pack_tests () {
+	expire="$1"
+
+	test_expect_success "unreachable loose objects are packed (expire $expire)" '
+		git init repo &&
+		test_when_finished "rm -fr repo" &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+
+			test_commit base &&
+			git repack -Ad &&
+			test_commit loose &&
+
+			test-tool chmtime +2000 "$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path \
+				$(git rev-parse loose:loose.t))" &&
+			test-tool chmtime +1000 "$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path \
+				$(git rev-parse loose^{tree}))" &&
+
+			(
+				git rev-list --objects --no-object-names base..loose |
+				while read oid
+				do
+					path="$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$oid")" &&
+					printf "%s %d\n" "$oid" "$(test-tool chmtime --get "$path")"
+				done |
+				sort -k1
+			) >expect &&
+
+			keep="$(basename "$(ls $packdir/pack-*.pack)")" &&
+			cruft="$(echo $keep | git pack-objects --cruft \
+				--cruft-expiration="$expire" $packdir/pack)" &&
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "pack-$cruft.mtimes" >actual &&
+
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "unreachable packed objects are packed (expire $expire)" '
+		git init repo &&
+		test_when_finished "rm -fr repo" &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+
+			test_commit packed &&
+			git repack -Ad &&
+			test_commit other &&
+
+			git rev-list --objects --no-object-names packed.. >objects &&
+			keep="$(basename "$(ls $packdir/pack-*.pack)")" &&
+			other="$(git pack-objects --delta-base-offset \
+				$packdir/pack <objects)" &&
+			git prune-packed &&
+
+			test-tool chmtime --get -100 "$packdir/pack-$other.pack" >expect &&
+
+			cruft="$(git pack-objects --cruft --cruft-expiration="$expire" $packdir/pack <<-EOF
+			$keep
+			-pack-$other.pack
+			EOF
+			)" &&
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "pack-$cruft.mtimes" >actual.raw &&
+
+			cut -d" " -f2 <actual.raw | sort -u >actual &&
+
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "unreachable cruft objects are repacked (expire $expire)" '
+		git init repo &&
+		test_when_finished "rm -fr repo" &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+
+			test_commit packed &&
+			git repack -Ad &&
+			test_commit other &&
+
+			git rev-list --objects --no-object-names packed.. >objects &&
+			keep="$(basename "$(ls $packdir/pack-*.pack)")" &&
+
+			cruft_a="$(echo $keep | git pack-objects --cruft --cruft-expiration="$expire" $packdir/pack)" &&
+			git prune-packed &&
+			cruft_b="$(git pack-objects --cruft --cruft-expiration="$expire" $packdir/pack <<-EOF
+			$keep
+			-pack-$cruft_a.pack
+			EOF
+			)" &&
+
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "pack-$cruft_a.mtimes" >expect.raw &&
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "pack-$cruft_b.mtimes" >actual.raw &&
+
+			sort <expect.raw >expect &&
+			sort <actual.raw >actual &&
+
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "multiple cruft packs (expire $expire)" '
+		git init repo &&
+		test_when_finished "rm -fr repo" &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+
+			test_commit reachable &&
+			git repack -Ad &&
+			keep="$(basename "$(ls $packdir/pack-*.pack)")" &&
+
+			test_commit cruft &&
+			loose="$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path $(git rev-parse cruft))" &&
+
+			# generate three copies of the cruft object in different
+			# cruft packs, each with a unique mtime:
+			#   - one expired (1000 seconds ago)
+			#   - two non-expired (one 1000 seconds in the future,
+			#     one 1500 seconds in the future)
+			test-tool chmtime =-1000 "$loose" &&
+			git pack-objects --cruft $packdir/pack-A <<-EOF &&
+			$keep
+			EOF
+			test-tool chmtime =+1000 "$loose" &&
+			git pack-objects --cruft $packdir/pack-B <<-EOF &&
+			$keep
+			-$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-A-*.pack))
+			EOF
+			test-tool chmtime =+1500 "$loose" &&
+			git pack-objects --cruft $packdir/pack-C <<-EOF &&
+			$keep
+			-$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-A-*.pack))
+			-$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-B-*.pack))
+			EOF
+
+			# ensure the resulting cruft pack takes the most recent
+			# mtime among all copies
+			cruft="$(git pack-objects --cruft \
+				--cruft-expiration="$expire" \
+				$packdir/pack <<-EOF
+			$keep
+			-$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-A-*.pack))
+			-$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-B-*.pack))
+			-$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-C-*.pack))
+			EOF
+			)" &&
+
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "$(basename $(ls $packdir/pack-C-*.mtimes))" >expect.raw &&
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "pack-$cruft.mtimes" >actual.raw &&
+
+			sort expect.raw >expect &&
+			sort actual.raw >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "cruft packs tolerate missing trees (expire $expire)" '
+		git init repo &&
+		test_when_finished "rm -fr repo" &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+
+			test_commit reachable &&
+			test_commit cruft &&
+
+			tree="$(git rev-parse cruft^{tree})" &&
+
+			git reset --hard reachable &&
+			git tag -d cruft &&
+			git reflog expire --all --expire=all &&
+
+			# remove the unreachable tree, but leave the commit
+			# which has it as its root tree intact
+			rm -fr "$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$tree")" &&
+
+			git repack -Ad &&
+			basename $(ls $packdir/pack-*.pack) >in &&
+			git pack-objects --cruft --cruft-expiration="$expire" \
+				$packdir/pack <in
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "cruft packs tolerate missing blobs (expire $expire)" '
+		git init repo &&
+		test_when_finished "rm -fr repo" &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+
+			test_commit reachable &&
+			test_commit cruft &&
+
+			blob="$(git rev-parse cruft:cruft.t)" &&
+
+			git reset --hard reachable &&
+			git tag -d cruft &&
+			git reflog expire --all --expire=all &&
+
+			# remove the unreachable blob, but leave the commit (and
+			# the root tree of that commit) intact
+			rm -fr "$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$blob")" &&
+
+			git repack -Ad &&
+			basename $(ls $packdir/pack-*.pack) >in &&
+			git pack-objects --cruft --cruft-expiration="$expire" \
+				$packdir/pack <in
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+basic_cruft_pack_tests never
+
+test_done