new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Queue spinlock
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2013-2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
+ *
+ * Authors: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
+ */
+#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_QSPINLOCK_H
+#define __ASM_GENERIC_QSPINLOCK_H
+
+#include <asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h>
+
+/*
+ * External function declarations
+ */
+extern void queue_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qspinlock *lock, int qsval);
+
+/**
+ * queue_spin_is_locked - is the spinlock locked?
+ * @lock: Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * Return: 1 if it is locked, 0 otherwise
+ */
+static __always_inline int queue_spin_is_locked(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ return atomic_read(&lock->qlcode) & _QLOCK_LOCK_MASK;
+}
+
+/**
+ * queue_spin_value_unlocked - is the spinlock structure unlocked?
+ * @lock: queue spinlock structure
+ * Return: 1 if it is unlocked, 0 otherwise
+ */
+static __always_inline int queue_spin_value_unlocked(struct qspinlock lock)
+{
+ return !(atomic_read(&lock.qlcode) & _QLOCK_LOCK_MASK);
+}
+
+/**
+ * queue_spin_is_contended - check if the lock is contended
+ * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * Return: 1 if lock contended, 0 otherwise
+ */
+static __always_inline int queue_spin_is_contended(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ return atomic_read(&lock->qlcode) & ~_QLOCK_LOCK_MASK;
+}
+/**
+ * queue_spin_trylock - try to acquire the queue spinlock
+ * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * Return: 1 if lock acquired, 0 if failed
+ */
+static __always_inline int queue_spin_trylock(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ if (!atomic_read(&lock->qlcode) &&
+ (atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->qlcode, 0, _QLOCK_LOCKED) == 0))
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * queue_spin_lock - acquire a queue spinlock
+ * @lock: Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ */
+static __always_inline void queue_spin_lock(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ int qsval;
+
+ /*
+ * To reduce memory access to only once for the cold cache case,
+ * a direct cmpxchg() is performed in the fastpath to optimize the
+ * uncontended case. The contended performance, however, may suffer
+ * a bit because of that.
+ */
+ qsval = atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->qlcode, 0, _QLOCK_LOCKED);
+ if (likely(qsval == 0))
+ return;
+ queue_spin_lock_slowpath(lock, qsval);
+}
+
+#ifndef queue_spin_unlock
+/**
+ * queue_spin_unlock - release a queue spinlock
+ * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ */
+static __always_inline void queue_spin_unlock(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ /*
+ * Use an atomic subtraction to clear the lock bit.
+ */
+ smp_mb__before_atomic_dec();
+ atomic_sub(_QLOCK_LOCKED, &lock->qlcode);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Initializier
+ */
+#define __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED { ATOMIC_INIT(0) }
+
+/*
+ * Remapping spinlock architecture specific functions to the corresponding
+ * queue spinlock functions.
+ */
+#define arch_spin_is_locked(l) queue_spin_is_locked(l)
+#define arch_spin_is_contended(l) queue_spin_is_contended(l)
+#define arch_spin_value_unlocked(l) queue_spin_value_unlocked(l)
+#define arch_spin_lock(l) queue_spin_lock(l)
+#define arch_spin_trylock(l) queue_spin_trylock(l)
+#define arch_spin_unlock(l) queue_spin_unlock(l)
+#define arch_spin_lock_flags(l, f) queue_spin_lock(l)
+
+#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_QSPINLOCK_H */
new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Queue spinlock
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2013-2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
+ *
+ * Authors: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
+ */
+#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_QSPINLOCK_TYPES_H
+#define __ASM_GENERIC_QSPINLOCK_TYPES_H
+
+/*
+ * Including atomic.h with PARAVIRT on will cause compilation errors because
+ * of recursive header file incluson via paravirt_types.h. A workaround is
+ * to include paravirt_types.h here in this case.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
+# include <asm/paravirt_types.h>
+#else
+# include <linux/types.h>
+# include <linux/atomic.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * The queue spinlock data structure - a 32-bit word
+ *
+ * The bits assignment are:
+ * Bit 0 : Set if locked
+ * Bits 1-7 : Not used
+ * Bits 8-31: Queue code
+ */
+typedef struct qspinlock {
+ atomic_t qlcode; /* Lock + queue code */
+} arch_spinlock_t;
+
+#define _QCODE_OFFSET 8
+#define _QLOCK_LOCKED 1U
+#define _QLOCK_LOCK_MASK 0xff
+
+#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_QSPINLOCK_TYPES_H */
@@ -223,3 +223,10 @@ endif
config MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
def_bool y
depends on SMP && !DEBUG_MUTEXES
+
+config ARCH_USE_QUEUE_SPINLOCK
+ bool
+
+config QUEUE_SPINLOCK
+ def_bool y if ARCH_USE_QUEUE_SPINLOCK
+ depends on SMP && !PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_LOCKDEP) += lockdep_proc.o
endif
obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += spinlock.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) += spinlock.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_QUEUE_SPINLOCK) += qspinlock.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES) += rtmutex.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_RT_MUTEXES) += rtmutex-debug.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RT_MUTEX_TESTER) += rtmutex-tester.o
new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/*
+ * Queue spinlock
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2013-2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
+ *
+ * Authors: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
+ */
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/cpumask.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/hardirq.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+
+/*
+ * The basic principle of a queue-based spinlock can best be understood
+ * by studying a classic queue-based spinlock implementation called the
+ * MCS lock. The paper below provides a good description for this kind
+ * of lock.
+ *
+ * http://www.cise.ufl.edu/tr/DOC/REP-1992-71.pdf
+ *
+ * This queue spinlock implementation is based on the MCS lock with twists
+ * to make it fit the following constraints:
+ * 1. A max spinlock size of 4 bytes
+ * 2. Good fastpath performance
+ * 3. No change in the locking APIs
+ *
+ * The queue spinlock fastpath is as simple as it can get, all the heavy
+ * lifting is done in the lock slowpath. The main idea behind this queue
+ * spinlock implementation is to keep the spinlock size at 4 bytes while
+ * at the same time implement a queue structure to queue up the waiting
+ * lock spinners.
+ *
+ * Since preemption is disabled before getting the lock, a given CPU will
+ * only need to use one queue node structure in a non-interrupt context.
+ * A percpu queue node structure will be allocated for this purpose and the
+ * cpu number will be put into the queue spinlock structure to indicate the
+ * tail of the queue.
+ *
+ * To handle spinlock acquisition at interrupt context (softirq or hardirq),
+ * the queue node structure is actually an array for supporting nested spin
+ * locking operations in interrupt handlers. If all the entries in the
+ * array are used up, a warning message will be printed (as that shouldn't
+ * happen in normal circumstances) and the lock spinner will fall back to
+ * busy spinning instead of waiting in a queue.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The 24-bit queue node code is divided into the following 2 fields:
+ * Bits 0-1 : queue node index (4 nodes)
+ * Bits 2-23: CPU number + 1 (4M - 1 CPUs)
+ *
+ * A queue node code of 0 indicates that no one is waiting for the lock.
+ * As the value 0 cannot be used as a valid CPU number. We need to add
+ * 1 to it before putting it into the queue code.
+ */
+#define MAX_QNODES 4
+#ifndef _QCODE_VAL_OFFSET
+#define _QCODE_VAL_OFFSET _QCODE_OFFSET
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Function exit status
+ */
+enum exitval {
+ NORMAL_EXIT = 0,
+ NOTIFY_NEXT , /* Notify the next waiting node CPU */
+ RELEASE_NODE /* Release current node directly */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The queue node structure
+ *
+ * This structure is essentially the same as the mcs_spinlock structure
+ * in mcs_spinlock.h file. It is retained for future extension where new
+ * fields may be added.
+ */
+struct qnode {
+ u32 qhead; /* Queue head flag */
+ struct qnode *next; /* Next queue node addr */
+};
+
+struct qnode_set {
+ struct qnode nodes[MAX_QNODES];
+ int node_idx; /* Current node to use */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Per-CPU queue node structures
+ */
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct qnode_set, qnset) = { { { 0 } }, 0 };
+
+/*
+ ************************************************************************
+ * Inline functions used by the queue_spin_lock_slowpath() function *
+ * that may get superseded by a more optimized version. *
+ ************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#ifndef __queue_spin_trylock
+/**
+ * __queue_spin_trylock - try to acquire the lock by setting the lock bit
+ * @lock: Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * Return: 1 if lock bit set successfully, 0 if failed
+ *
+ * This is an unfair version of the trylock which should only be called
+ * by a caller who is entitled to acquire the lock.
+ */
+static __always_inline int __queue_spin_trylock(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ int qlcode = atomic_read(&lock->qlcode);
+
+ if (!(qlcode & _QLOCK_LOCKED) && (atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->qlcode,
+ qlcode, qlcode|_QLOCK_LOCKED) == qlcode))
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+#endif /* __queue_spin_trylock */
+
+#ifndef qsval_to_qcode
+/**
+ * qsval_to_qcode - Convert a queue spinlock value to a queue code
+ * @qsval : Queue spinlock value
+ * Return : The corresponding queue code value
+ */
+static inline u32
+qsval_to_qcode(int qsval)
+{
+ return (u32)(qsval & ~_QLOCK_LOCK_MASK);
+}
+#endif /* qsval_to_qcode */
+
+#ifndef queue_spin_trylock_and_clr_qcode
+/**
+ * queue_spin_trylock_and_clr_qcode - Try to lock & clear qcode simultaneously
+ * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * @qcode: The supposedly current qcode value
+ * Return: true if successful, false otherwise
+ */
+static inline int
+queue_spin_trylock_and_clr_qcode(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 qcode)
+{
+ return atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->qlcode, qcode, _QLOCK_LOCKED) == qcode;
+}
+#endif /* queue_spin_trylock_and_clr_qcode */
+
+#ifndef queue_encode_qcode
+/**
+ * queue_encode_qcode - Encode the CPU number & node index into a qnode code
+ * @cpu_nr: CPU number
+ * @qn_idx: Queue node index
+ * Return : A qnode code that can be saved into the qspinlock structure
+ */
+static inline u32 queue_encode_qcode(u32 cpu_nr, u8 qn_idx)
+{
+ return ((cpu_nr + 1) << (_QCODE_VAL_OFFSET + 2)) |
+ (qn_idx << _QCODE_VAL_OFFSET);
+}
+#endif /* queue_encode_qcode */
+
+#ifndef queue_code_xchg
+/**
+ * queue_code_xchg - exchange a queue code value
+ * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * @ocode: Old queue code in the lock [OUT]
+ * @ncode: New queue code to be exchanged
+ * Return: An enum exitval value
+ */
+static inline enum exitval
+queue_code_xchg(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 *ocode, u32 ncode)
+{
+ ncode |= _QLOCK_LOCKED; /* Set lock bit */
+
+ /*
+ * Exchange current copy of the queue node code
+ */
+ *ocode = atomic_xchg(&lock->qlcode, ncode);
+
+ if (likely(*ocode & _QLOCK_LOCKED)) {
+ *ocode &= ~_QLOCK_LOCKED; /* Clear the lock bit */
+ return NORMAL_EXIT;
+ }
+ /*
+ * It is possible that we may accidentally steal the lock during
+ * the unlock-lock transition. If this is the case, we need to either
+ * release it if not the head of the queue or get the lock and be
+ * done with it.
+ */
+ if (*ocode == 0) {
+ u32 qcode;
+
+ /*
+ * Got the lock since it is at the head of the queue
+ * Now try to atomically clear the queue code.
+ */
+ qcode = atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->qlcode, ncode, _QLOCK_LOCKED);
+ /*
+ * The cmpxchg fails only if one or more tasks are added to
+ * the queue. In this case, NOTIFY_NEXT is returned instead
+ * of RELEASE_NODE.
+ */
+ return (qcode != ncode) ? NOTIFY_NEXT : RELEASE_NODE;
+ }
+ /*
+ * Accidentally steal the lock, release the lock and
+ * let the queue head get it.
+ */
+ queue_spin_unlock(lock);
+ return NORMAL_EXIT;
+}
+#endif /* queue_code_xchg */
+
+/*
+ ************************************************************************
+ * Other inline functions needed by the queue_spin_lock_slowpath() *
+ * function. *
+ ************************************************************************
+ */
+
+/**
+ * xlate_qcode - translate the queue code into the queue node address
+ * @qcode: Queue code to be translated
+ * Return: The corresponding queue node address
+ */
+static inline struct qnode *xlate_qcode(u32 qcode)
+{
+ u32 cpu_nr = (qcode >> (_QCODE_VAL_OFFSET + 2)) - 1;
+ u8 qn_idx = (qcode >> _QCODE_VAL_OFFSET) & 3;
+
+ return per_cpu_ptr(&qnset.nodes[qn_idx], cpu_nr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_qnode - Get a queue node address as well as the queue code
+ * @cpu : CPU number
+ * @qcode : Pointer to queue code value [out]
+ * Return : queue node address & queue code in qcode
+ */
+static inline struct qnode *get_qnode(int cpu, u32 *qcode)
+{
+ struct qnode_set *qset = this_cpu_ptr(&qnset);
+ int qn_idx = qset->node_idx++;
+
+ /*
+ * It should never happen that all the queue nodes are being used.
+ */
+ BUG_ON(qn_idx >= MAX_QNODES);
+ *qcode = queue_encode_qcode(cpu, qn_idx);
+ return qset->nodes + qn_idx;
+}
+
+/**
+ * put_qnode - Return a queue node to the pool
+ */
+static inline void put_qnode(void)
+{
+ this_cpu_dec(qnset.node_idx);
+}
+
+/**
+ * queue_spin_lock_slowpath - acquire the queue spinlock
+ * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
+ * @qsval: Current value of the queue spinlock 32-bit word
+ */
+void queue_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qspinlock *lock, int qsval)
+{
+ unsigned int cpu_nr;
+ struct qnode *node, *next;
+ u32 prev_qcode, my_qcode;
+ enum exitval exitval;
+
+ /*
+ * Get the queue node
+ */
+ cpu_nr = smp_processor_id();
+ node = get_qnode(cpu_nr, &my_qcode);
+
+ /*
+ * Initialize the queue node
+ */
+ node->qhead = false;
+ node->next = NULL;
+
+ /*
+ * The lock may be available at this point, try again if no task was
+ * waiting in the queue.
+ */
+ if (!(qsval >> _QCODE_OFFSET) && queue_spin_trylock(lock))
+ goto release_node;
+
+ /*
+ * Exchange current copy of the queue node code
+ */
+ exitval = queue_code_xchg(lock, &prev_qcode, my_qcode);
+ if (unlikely(exitval == NOTIFY_NEXT))
+ goto notify_next;
+ else if (unlikely(exitval == RELEASE_NODE))
+ goto release_node;
+
+ if (prev_qcode) {
+ /*
+ * Not at the queue head, get the address of the previous node
+ * and set up the "next" fields of the that node.
+ */
+ struct qnode *prev = xlate_qcode(prev_qcode);
+
+ ACCESS_ONCE(prev->next) = node;
+ /*
+ * Wait until the queue head flag is on
+ */
+ do {
+ arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
+ } while (!ACCESS_ONCE(node->qhead));
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * At the head of the wait queue now
+ */
+ for (;; arch_mutex_cpu_relax()) {
+ qsval = atomic_read(&lock->qlcode);
+ next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next);
+ if (qsval & _QLOCK_LOCK_MASK)
+ continue; /* Lock not available yet */
+
+ if (likely(qsval_to_qcode(qsval) != my_qcode)) {
+ /*
+ * There are additional lock waiters in the queue.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(!__queue_spin_trylock(lock)))
+ continue; /* Trylock fails! */
+ if (likely(next))
+ goto set_qhead;
+ else
+ goto notify_next;
+ /*
+ * The queue head is the only lock waiter in the queue.
+ * Get the lock & clear the queue code simultaneously.
+ */
+ } else if (queue_spin_trylock_and_clr_qcode(lock, my_qcode)) {
+ goto release_node;
+ }
+ }
+
+notify_next:
+ /*
+ * Wait, if needed, until the next one in queue set up the next field
+ */
+ while (!(next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next)))
+ arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
+set_qhead:
+ /*
+ * The next one in queue is now at the head
+ */
+ ACCESS_ONCE(next->qhead) = true;
+
+release_node:
+ put_qnode();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(queue_spin_lock_slowpath);
This patch introduces a new generic queue spinlock implementation that can serve as an alternative to the default ticket spinlock. Compared with the ticket spinlock, this queue spinlock should be almost as fair as the ticket spinlock. It has about the same speed in single-thread and it can be much faster in high contention situations especially when the spinlock is embedded within the data structure to be protected. Only in light to moderate contention where the average queue depth is around 1-3 will this queue spinlock be potentially a bit slower due to the higher slowpath overhead. This queue spinlock is especially suit to NUMA machines with a large number of cores as the chance of spinlock contention is much higher in those machines. The cost of contention is also higher because of slower inter-node memory traffic. The idea behind this spinlock implementation is the fact that spinlocks are acquired with preemption disabled. In other words, the process will not be migrated to another CPU while it is trying to get a spinlock. Ignoring interrupt handling, a CPU can only be contending in one spinlock at any one time. Of course, interrupt handler can try to acquire one spinlock while the interrupted user process is in the process of getting another spinlock. By allocating a set of per-cpu queue nodes and used them to form a waiting queue, we can encode the queue node address into a much smaller 16-bit size. Together with the 1-byte lock bit, this queue spinlock implementation will only need 4 bytes to hold all the information that it needs. The current queue node address encoding of the 4-byte word is as follows: Bits 0-7 : the locked byte Bits 8-9 : queue node index in the per-cpu array (4 entries) Bits 10-31: cpu number + 1 (max cpus = 4M -1) For single-thread performance (no contention), a 256K lock/unlock loop was run on a 2.4Ghz Westmere x86-64 CPU. The following table shows the average time (in ns) for a single lock/unlock sequence (including the looping and timing overhead): Lock Type Time (ns) --------- --------- Ticket spinlock 14.1 Queue spinlock 8.8 So the queue spinlock is much faster than the ticket spinlock, even though the overhead of locking and unlocking should be pretty small when there is no contention. The performance advantage is mainly due to the fact that ticket spinlock does a read-modify-write (add) instruction in unlock whereas queue spinlock only does a simple write in unlock which can be much faster in a pipelined CPU. The AIM7 benchmark was run on a 8-socket 80-core DL980 with Westmere x86-64 CPUs with XFS filesystem on a ramdisk and HT off to evaluate the performance impact of this patch on a 3.13 kernel. +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ | Kernel | 3.13 JPM | 3.13 with | %Change | | | | qspinlock patch | | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ | 10-100 users | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ |custom | 357459 | 363109 | +1.58% | |dbase | 496847 | 498801 | +0.39% | |disk | 2925312 | 2771387 | -5.26% | |five_sec | 166612 | 169215 | +1.56% | |fserver | 382129 | 383279 | +0.30% | |high_systime| 16356 | 16380 | +0.15% | |short | 4521978 | 4257363 | -5.85% | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ | 200-1000 users | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ |custom | 449070 | 447711 | -0.30% | |dbase | 845029 | 853362 | +0.99% | |disk | 2725249 | 4892907 | +79.54% | |five_sec | 169410 | 170638 | +0.72% | |fserver | 489662 | 491828 | +0.44% | |high_systime| 142823 | 143790 | +0.68% | |short | 7435288 | 9016171 | +21.26% | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ | 1100-2000 users | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ |custom | 432470 | 432570 | +0.02% | |dbase | 889289 | 890026 | +0.08% | |disk | 2565138 | 5008732 | +95.26% | |five_sec | 169141 | 170034 | +0.53% | |fserver | 498569 | 500701 | +0.43% | |high_systime| 229913 | 245866 | +6.94% | |short | 8496794 | 8281918 | -2.53% | +------------+----------+-----------------+---------+ The workload with the most gain was the disk workload. Without the patch, the perf profile at 1500 users looked like: 26.19% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock |--47.28%-- evict |--46.87%-- inode_sb_list_add |--1.24%-- xlog_cil_insert_items |--0.68%-- __remove_inode_hash |--0.67%-- inode_wait_for_writeback --3.26%-- [...] 22.96% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] cpu_idle_loop 5.56% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mutex_spin_on_owner 4.87% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] update_cfs_rq_blocked_load 2.04% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mspin_lock 1.30% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] memcpy 1.08% reaim [unknown] [.] 0x0000003c52009447 There was pretty high spinlock contention on the inode_sb_list_lock and maybe the inode's i_lock. With the patch, the perf profile at 1500 users became: 26.82% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] cpu_idle_loop 4.66% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mutex_spin_on_owner 3.97% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] update_cfs_rq_blocked_load 2.40% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] queue_spin_lock_slowpath |--88.31%-- _raw_spin_lock | |--36.02%-- inode_sb_list_add | |--35.09%-- evict | |--16.89%-- xlog_cil_insert_items | |--6.30%-- try_to_wake_up | |--2.20%-- _xfs_buf_find | |--0.75%-- __remove_inode_hash | |--0.72%-- __mutex_lock_slowpath | |--0.53%-- load_balance |--6.02%-- _raw_spin_lock_irqsave | |--74.75%-- down_trylock | |--9.69%-- rcu_check_quiescent_state | |--7.47%-- down | |--3.57%-- up | |--1.67%-- rwsem_wake | |--1.00%-- remove_wait_queue | |--0.56%-- pagevec_lru_move_fn |--5.39%-- _raw_spin_lock_irq | |--82.05%-- rwsem_down_read_failed | |--10.48%-- rwsem_down_write_failed | |--4.24%-- __down | |--2.74%-- __schedule --0.28%-- [...] 2.20% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] memcpy 1.84% reaim [unknown] [.] 0x000000000041517b 1.77% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock |--21.08%-- xlog_cil_insert_items |--10.14%-- xfs_icsb_modify_counters |--7.20%-- xfs_iget_cache_hit |--6.56%-- inode_sb_list_add |--5.49%-- _xfs_buf_find |--5.25%-- evict |--5.03%-- __remove_inode_hash |--4.64%-- __mutex_lock_slowpath |--3.78%-- selinux_inode_free_security |--2.95%-- xfs_inode_is_filestream |--2.35%-- try_to_wake_up |--2.07%-- xfs_inode_set_reclaim_tag |--1.52%-- list_lru_add |--1.16%-- xfs_inode_clear_eofblocks_tag : 1.30% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] effective_load 1.27% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mspin_lock 1.10% reaim [kernel.kallsyms] [k] security_compute_sid On the ext4 filesystem, the disk workload improved from 416281 JPM to 899101 JPM (+116%) with the patch. In this case, the contended spinlock is the mb_cache_spinlock. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> --- include/asm-generic/qspinlock.h | 122 +++++++++++ include/asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h | 49 +++++ kernel/Kconfig.locks | 7 + kernel/locking/Makefile | 1 + kernel/locking/qspinlock.c | 371 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 550 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 include/asm-generic/qspinlock.h create mode 100644 include/asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h create mode 100644 kernel/locking/qspinlock.c