diff --git a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_drv.c b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_drv.c
index 5013a5531171..e8f3540ebfda 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_drv.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static ssize_t status_show(struct device *dev,
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev;
 	struct ap_device *apdev = to_ap_dev(dev);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 	q = dev_get_drvdata(&apdev->device);
 	matrix_mdev = vfio_ap_mdev_for_queue(q);
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static ssize_t status_show(struct device *dev,
 				   AP_QUEUE_UNASSIGNED);
 	}
 
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 
 	return nchars;
 }
@@ -155,8 +155,9 @@ static int vfio_ap_matrix_dev_create(void)
 			goto matrix_alloc_err;
 	}
 
-	mutex_init(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_init(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&matrix_dev->mdev_list);
+	mutex_init(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 
 	dev_set_name(&matrix_dev->device, "%s", VFIO_AP_DEV_NAME);
 	matrix_dev->device.parent = root_device;
diff --git a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c
index f2b98f347f9f..623a4b38676d 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ static int handle_pqap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
 	apqn = vcpu->run->s.regs.gprs[0] & 0xffff;
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	if (!vcpu->kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook)
 		goto out_unlock;
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ static int handle_pqap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 out_unlock:
 	memcpy(&vcpu->run->s.regs.gprs[1], &qstatus, sizeof(qstatus));
 	vcpu->run->s.regs.gprs[1] >>= 32;
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -396,9 +396,9 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_probe(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 	vfio_ap_matrix_init(&matrix_dev->info, &matrix_mdev->shadow_apcb);
 	hash_init(matrix_mdev->qtable.queues);
 	mdev_set_drvdata(mdev, matrix_mdev);
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 	list_add(&matrix_mdev->node, &matrix_dev->mdev_list);
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 
 	ret = vfio_register_emulated_iommu_dev(&matrix_mdev->vdev);
 	if (ret)
@@ -407,9 +407,9 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_probe(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 	return 0;
 
 err_list:
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 	list_del(&matrix_mdev->node);
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 	vfio_uninit_group_dev(&matrix_mdev->vdev);
 	kfree(matrix_mdev);
 err_dec_available:
@@ -472,11 +472,11 @@ static void vfio_ap_mdev_remove(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 
 	vfio_unregister_group_dev(&matrix_mdev->vdev);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queues(matrix_mdev);
 	vfio_ap_mdev_unlink_fr_queues(matrix_mdev);
 	list_del(&matrix_mdev->node);
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	vfio_uninit_group_dev(&matrix_mdev->vdev);
 	kfree(matrix_mdev);
 	atomic_inc(&matrix_dev->available_instances);
@@ -652,7 +652,8 @@ static ssize_t assign_adapter_store(struct device *dev,
 
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	/* If the KVM guest is running, disallow assignment of adapter */
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
@@ -683,7 +684,8 @@ static ssize_t assign_adapter_store(struct device *dev,
 	vfio_ap_mdev_filter_matrix(apm, matrix_mdev->matrix.aqm, matrix_mdev);
 	ret = count;
 done:
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ static ssize_t unassign_adapter_store(struct device *dev,
 	unsigned long apid;
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	/* If the KVM guest is running, disallow unassignment of adapter */
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
@@ -751,7 +753,7 @@ static ssize_t unassign_adapter_store(struct device *dev,
 
 	ret = count;
 done:
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	return ret;
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(unassign_adapter);
@@ -806,7 +808,8 @@ static ssize_t assign_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	unsigned long max_apqi = matrix_mdev->matrix.aqm_max;
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	/* If the KVM guest is running, disallow assignment of domain */
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
@@ -836,7 +839,8 @@ static ssize_t assign_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	vfio_ap_mdev_filter_matrix(matrix_mdev->matrix.apm, aqm, matrix_mdev);
 	ret = count;
 done:
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -879,7 +883,7 @@ static ssize_t unassign_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	unsigned long apqi;
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	/* If the KVM guest is running, disallow unassignment of domain */
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
@@ -905,7 +909,7 @@ static ssize_t unassign_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	ret = count;
 
 done:
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	return ret;
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(unassign_domain);
@@ -932,7 +936,7 @@ static ssize_t assign_control_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	unsigned long id;
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	/* If the KVM guest is running, disallow assignment of control domain */
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
@@ -958,7 +962,7 @@ static ssize_t assign_control_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	vfio_ap_mdev_filter_cdoms(matrix_mdev);
 	ret = count;
 done:
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	return ret;
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(assign_control_domain);
@@ -986,7 +990,7 @@ static ssize_t unassign_control_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	unsigned long max_domid =  matrix_mdev->matrix.adm_max;
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	/* If a KVM guest is running, disallow unassignment of control domain */
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
@@ -1009,7 +1013,7 @@ static ssize_t unassign_control_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 
 	ret = count;
 done:
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	return ret;
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(unassign_control_domain);
@@ -1025,13 +1029,13 @@ static ssize_t control_domains_show(struct device *dev,
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	unsigned long max_domid = matrix_mdev->matrix.adm_max;
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	for_each_set_bit_inv(id, matrix_mdev->matrix.adm, max_domid + 1) {
 		n = sprintf(bufpos, "%04lx\n", id);
 		bufpos += n;
 		nchars += n;
 	}
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	return nchars;
 }
@@ -1054,7 +1058,7 @@ static ssize_t matrix_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 	apid1 = find_first_bit_inv(matrix_mdev->matrix.apm, napm_bits);
 	apqi1 = find_first_bit_inv(matrix_mdev->matrix.aqm, naqm_bits);
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	if ((apid1 < napm_bits) && (apqi1 < naqm_bits)) {
 		for_each_set_bit_inv(apid, matrix_mdev->matrix.apm, napm_bits) {
@@ -1080,7 +1084,7 @@ static ssize_t matrix_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 		}
 	}
 
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	return nchars;
 }
@@ -1134,13 +1138,15 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_set_kvm(struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev,
 		kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook = &matrix_mdev->pqap_hook;
 		up_write(&kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook_rwsem);
 
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 		mutex_lock(&kvm->lock);
-		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 		list_for_each_entry(m, &matrix_dev->mdev_list, node) {
 			if (m != matrix_mdev && m->kvm == kvm) {
+				mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 				mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
-				mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+				mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 				return -EPERM;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1151,8 +1157,9 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_set_kvm(struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev,
 					  matrix_mdev->shadow_apcb.aqm,
 					  matrix_mdev->shadow_apcb.adm);
 
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 		mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
-		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1210,16 +1217,18 @@ static void vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm(struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev,
 		kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook = NULL;
 		up_write(&kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook_rwsem);
 
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 		mutex_lock(&kvm->lock);
-		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 		kvm_arch_crypto_clear_masks(kvm);
 		vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queues(matrix_mdev);
 		kvm_put_kvm(kvm);
 		matrix_mdev->kvm = NULL;
 
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 		mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
-		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1396,7 +1405,7 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ap_mdev_ioctl(struct vfio_device *vdev,
 		container_of(vdev, struct ap_matrix_mdev, vdev);
 	int ret;
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case VFIO_DEVICE_GET_INFO:
 		ret = vfio_ap_mdev_get_device_info(arg);
@@ -1408,7 +1417,7 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ap_mdev_ioctl(struct vfio_device *vdev,
 		ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
 		break;
 	}
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1493,7 +1502,8 @@ int vfio_ap_mdev_probe_queue(struct ap_device *apdev)
 	if (!q)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	q->apqn = to_ap_queue(&apdev->device)->qid;
 	q->saved_isc = VFIO_AP_ISC_INVALID;
 	vfio_ap_queue_link_mdev(q);
@@ -1504,7 +1514,8 @@ int vfio_ap_mdev_probe_queue(struct ap_device *apdev)
 					   q->matrix_mdev);
 	}
 	dev_set_drvdata(&apdev->device, q);
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->guests_lock);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1514,7 +1525,7 @@ void vfio_ap_mdev_remove_queue(struct ap_device *apdev)
 	unsigned long apid;
 	struct vfio_ap_queue *q;
 
-	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 	q = dev_get_drvdata(&apdev->device);
 
 	if (q->matrix_mdev) {
@@ -1528,5 +1539,5 @@ void vfio_ap_mdev_remove_queue(struct ap_device *apdev)
 	vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(q, 1);
 	dev_set_drvdata(&apdev->device, NULL);
 	kfree(q);
-	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->mdevs_lock);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h
index fa11a7e91e24..7e82a72d2083 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h
@@ -33,20 +33,25 @@
  * @available_instances: number of mediated matrix devices that can be created
  * @info:	the struct containing the output from the PQAP(QCI) instruction
  * @mdev_list:	the list of mediated matrix devices created
- * @lock:	mutex for locking the AP matrix device. This lock will be
- *		taken every time we fiddle with state managed by the vfio_ap
- *		driver, be it using @mdev_list or writing the state of a
- *		single ap_matrix_mdev device. It's quite coarse but we don't
- *		expect much contention.
+ * @mdevs_lock:	mutex for locking the ap_matrix_mdev devices under the control
+ *		of the vfio_ap device driver. This lock will be taken every time
+ *		we fiddle with state of an ap_matrix_mdev device. It's quite
+ *		coarse but we don't expect much contention.
  * @vfio_ap_drv: the vfio_ap device driver
+ * @guests_lock: mutex for controlling access to a guest that is using AP
+ *		 devices passed through by the vfio_ap device driver. This lock
+ *		 will be taken when the AP devices are plugged into or unplugged
+ *		 from a guest, and when an ap_matrix_mdev device is added to or
+ *		 removed from @mdev_list or the list is iterated.
  */
 struct ap_matrix_dev {
 	struct device device;
 	atomic_t available_instances;
 	struct ap_config_info info;
 	struct list_head mdev_list;
-	struct mutex lock;
+	struct mutex mdevs_lock;
 	struct ap_driver  *vfio_ap_drv;
+	struct mutex guests_lock;
 };
 
 extern struct ap_matrix_dev *matrix_dev;
