diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
index 34995ad00332..e4b285953a45 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ static struct vfio_ccw_private *vfio_ccw_alloc_private(struct subchannel *sch)
 
 	private->sch = sch;
 	mutex_init(&private->io_mutex);
-	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
+	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&private->crw);
 	INIT_WORK(&private->io_work, vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo);
 	INIT_WORK(&private->crw_work, vfio_ccw_crw_todo);
@@ -227,21 +227,15 @@ static int vfio_ccw_sch_probe(struct subchannel *sch)
 
 	dev_set_drvdata(&sch->dev, private);
 
-	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN);
-	if (private->state == VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER)
-		goto out_free;
-
 	ret = mdev_register_device(&sch->dev, &vfio_ccw_mdev_ops);
 	if (ret)
-		goto out_disable;
+		goto out_free;
 
 	VFIO_CCW_MSG_EVENT(4, "bound to subchannel %x.%x.%04x\n",
 			   sch->schid.cssid, sch->schid.ssid,
 			   sch->schid.sch_no);
 	return 0;
 
-out_disable:
-	cio_disable_subchannel(sch);
 out_free:
 	dev_set_drvdata(&sch->dev, NULL);
 	vfio_ccw_free_private(private);
@@ -275,6 +269,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_sch_shutdown(struct subchannel *sch)
 		return;
 
 	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE);
+	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_NOT_OPER);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
index 926ae618c3fa..7ec64c1e076c 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ static void fsm_notoper(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	 */
 	css_sched_sch_todo(sch, SCH_TODO_UNREG);
 	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
+	cp_free(&private->cp);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -376,9 +377,16 @@ static void fsm_open(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	spin_lock_irq(sch->lock);
 	sch->isc = VFIO_CCW_ISC;
 	ret = cio_enable_subchannel(sch, (u32)(unsigned long)sch);
-	if (!ret)
-		private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY;
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_unlock;
+
+	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_IDLE;
 	spin_unlock_irq(sch->lock);
+	return;
+
+err_unlock:
+	spin_unlock_irq(sch->lock);
+	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_NOT_OPER);
 }
 
 static void fsm_close(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
@@ -390,16 +398,22 @@ static void fsm_close(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	spin_lock_irq(sch->lock);
 
 	if (!sch->schib.pmcw.ena)
-		goto out_unlock;
+		goto err_unlock;
 
 	ret = cio_disable_subchannel(sch);
 	if (ret == -EBUSY)
 		vfio_ccw_sch_quiesce(sch);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_unlock;
 
-out_unlock:
-	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
+	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY;
 	spin_unlock_irq(sch->lock);
 	cp_free(&private->cp);
+	return;
+
+err_unlock:
+	spin_unlock_irq(sch->lock);
+	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_NOT_OPER);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -411,15 +425,15 @@ fsm_func_t *vfio_ccw_jumptable[NR_VFIO_CCW_STATES][NR_VFIO_CCW_EVENTS] = {
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_IO_REQ]		= fsm_io_error,
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_ASYNC_REQ]	= fsm_async_error,
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_INTERRUPT]	= fsm_disabled_irq,
-		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN]		= fsm_open,
+		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN]		= fsm_nop,
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE]		= fsm_nop,
 	},
 	[VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY] = {
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_NOT_OPER]	= fsm_notoper,
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_IO_REQ]		= fsm_io_error,
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_ASYNC_REQ]	= fsm_async_error,
-		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_INTERRUPT]	= fsm_irq,
-		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN]		= fsm_nop,
+		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_INTERRUPT]	= fsm_disabled_irq,
+		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN]		= fsm_open,
 		[VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE]		= fsm_notoper,
 	},
 	[VFIO_CCW_STATE_IDLE] = {
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index 386eb74ce219..2afb8f13739f 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -24,17 +24,12 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_reset(struct vfio_ccw_private *private)
 	/*
 	 * If the FSM state is seen as Not Operational after closing
 	 * and re-opening the mdev, return an error.
-	 *
-	 * Otherwise, change the FSM from STANDBY to IDLE which is
-	 * normally done by vfio_ccw_mdev_probe() in current lifecycle.
 	 */
 	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE);
 	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN);
 	if (private->state == VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_IDLE;
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -121,8 +116,6 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_probe(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 	vfio_init_group_dev(&private->vdev, &mdev->dev,
 			    &vfio_ccw_dev_ops);
 
-	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_IDLE;
-
 	VFIO_CCW_MSG_EVENT(2, "sch %x.%x.%04x: create\n",
 			   private->sch->schid.cssid,
 			   private->sch->schid.ssid,
@@ -137,7 +130,6 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_probe(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 err_atomic:
 	vfio_uninit_group_dev(&private->vdev);
 	atomic_inc(&private->avail);
-	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY;
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -169,6 +161,10 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_open_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	unsigned long events = VFIO_IOMMU_NOTIFY_DMA_UNMAP;
 	int ret;
 
+	/* Device cannot simply be opened again from this state */
+	if (private->state == VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	private->nb.notifier_call = vfio_ccw_mdev_notifier;
 
 	ret = vfio_register_notifier(vdev->dev, VFIO_IOMMU_NOTIFY,
@@ -188,6 +184,12 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_open_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_unregister;
 
+	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_OPEN);
+	if (private->state == VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unregister;
+	}
+
 	return ret;
 
 out_unregister:
@@ -202,13 +204,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_close_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	struct vfio_ccw_private *private =
 		container_of(vdev, struct vfio_ccw_private, vdev);
 
-	if ((private->state != VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER) &&
-	    (private->state != VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY)) {
-		if (!vfio_ccw_mdev_reset(private))
-			private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY;
-		/* The state will be NOT_OPER on error. */
-	}
-
+	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE);
 	vfio_ccw_unregister_dev_regions(private);
 	vfio_unregister_notifier(vdev->dev, VFIO_IOMMU_NOTIFY, &private->nb);
 }
