diff mbox series

[v1,2/4] selftests: kvm: Add processor tests for LoongArch KVM

Message ID 20230801020206.1957986-3-zhaotianrui@loongson.cn (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show
Series selftests: kvm: Add LoongArch support | expand

Commit Message

zhaotianrui Aug. 1, 2023, 2:02 a.m. UTC
Add processor tests for LoongArch KVM, including vcpu initialize
and tlb refill exception handler.

Based-on: <20230720062813.4126751-1-zhaotianrui@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Tianrui Zhao <zhaotianrui@loongson.cn>
---
 .../selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S   |  27 ++
 .../selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c   | 367 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 394 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c

Comments

Sean Christopherson Aug. 2, 2023, 6:07 p.m. UTC | #1
On Tue, Aug 01, 2023, Tianrui Zhao wrote:
> Add processor tests for LoongArch KVM, including vcpu initialize

Nit, AFAICT these aren't tests, this is simply the core KVM selftests support
for LoongArch.

> and tlb refill exception handler.
> 
> Based-on: <20230720062813.4126751-1-zhaotianrui@loongson.cn>
> Signed-off-by: Tianrui Zhao <zhaotianrui@loongson.cn>
> ---
>  .../selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S   |  27 ++
>  .../selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c   | 367 ++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 394 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
> 
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..19dc50993da4
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
> @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +
> +#include "sysreg.h"
> +
> +/* address of refill exception should be 4K aligned */
> +.align  12

.align works on bytes, not on shifts.  I.e. this will make handle_tlb_refill
12-byte aligned, not 4096-byte aligned.

> +.global handle_tlb_refill
> +handle_tlb_refill:
> +	csrwr	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRSAVE
> +	csrrd	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_PGD
> +	lddir	t0, t0, 3
> +	lddir	t0, t0, 1
> +	ldpte	t0, 0
> +	ldpte	t0, 1
> +	tlbfill
> +	csrrd	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRSAVE
> +	ertn
> +
> +/* address of general exception should be 4K aligned */
> +.align  12

Same thing here.

> +.global handle_exception
> +handle_exception:
> +1:
> +	nop
> +	b	1b
> +	nop
> +	ertn
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..2e50b6e2c556
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * KVM selftest LoongArch library code, including CPU-related functions.
> + *

Again, unnecessary IMO.  If you do keep the comment, the extra line with a bare
asterisk should be dropped.

> + */
> +
> +#include <assert.h>
> +#include <linux/bitfield.h>
> +#include <linux/compiler.h>
> +
> +#include "kvm_util.h"
> +#include "processor.h"
> +#include "sysreg.h"
> +
> +#define DEFAULT_LOONGARCH_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN		0xac0000

Why diverge from the common?

	#define DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN	0xab6000

AFAIK, the common value is also mostly arbitrary, but that just makes it even
more confusing as to why LoongArch needs to bump the min by 0x4000.

> +uint64_t *virt_get_pte_hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
> +{
> +	uint64_t *ptep;
> +
> +	if (!vm->pgd_created)
> +		goto unmapped_gva;
> +
> +	ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd) + pgd_index(vm, gva) * 8;
> +	if (!ptep)
> +		goto unmapped_gva;
> +
> +	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
> +	case 4:
> +		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pud_index(vm, gva) * 8;
> +		if (!ptep)
> +			goto unmapped_gva;

This wants a "fallthrough" annotation.

> +	case 3:
> +		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pmd_index(vm, gva) * 8;
> +		if (!ptep)
> +			goto unmapped_gva;
> +	case 2:
> +		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pte_index(vm, gva) * 8;
> +		if (!ptep)
> +			goto unmapped_gva;
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");

Obviously it shouldn't come up, but print the actual pgtable_levels to make debug
a wee bit easier e.g.
		TEST_FAIL("Got %u page table levels, expected 2, 3, or 4",
			  vm->pgtable_levels);

Mostly out of curiosity, but also because it looks like this was heavily copy+pasted
from ARM: does LoongArch actually support 2-level page tables?
> +static void loongarch_set_csr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t id, uint64_t val)
> +{
> +	uint64_t csrid;
> +
> +	csrid = KVM_REG_LOONGARCH_CSR | KVM_REG_SIZE_U64 | 8 * id;
> +	vcpu_set_reg(vcpu, csrid, val);
> +}
> +
> +static void loongarch_vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> +{
> +	unsigned long val;
> +	int width;
> +	struct kvm_vm *vm = vcpu->vm;
> +
> +	switch (vm->mode) {
> +	case VM_MODE_P48V48_16K:
> +	case VM_MODE_P40V48_16K:
> +	case VM_MODE_P36V48_16K:
> +	case VM_MODE_P36V47_16K:
> +		break;
> +
> +	default:
> +		TEST_FAIL("Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
> +	}
> +
> +	/* user mode and page enable mode */
> +	val = PLV_USER | CSR_CRMD_PG;
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD, val);
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PRMD, val);
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_EUEN, 1);
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_ECFG, 0);
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TCFG, 0);
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_ASID, 1);
> +
> +	width = vm->page_shift - 3;
> +	val = 0;
> +	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
> +	case 4:
> +		/* pud page shift and width */
> +		val = (vm->page_shift + width * 2) << 20 | (width << 25);
> +	case 3:
> +		/* pmd page shift and width */
> +		val |= (vm->page_shift + width) << 10 | (width << 15);
> +	case 2:
> +		/* pte page shift and width */
> +		val |= vm->page_shift | width << 5;
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");
> +	}
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PWCTL0, val);
> +
> +	/* pgd page shift and width */
> +	val = (vm->page_shift + width * (vm->pgtable_levels - 1)) | width << 6;
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PWCTL1, val);
> +
> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PGDL, vm->pgd);
> +
> +	extern void handle_tlb_refill(void);
> +	extern void handle_exception(void);

Eww.  I get that it's probably undesirable to expose these via processor.h, but
at least declare them outside of the function.

> +struct kvm_vcpu *vm_arch_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id,
> +				  void *guest_code)
> +{
> +	return loongarch_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id, guest_code);

Please drop the single-line passthrough, i.e. drop loongarch_vcpu_add().  I'm
guessing you copy+pasted much of this from ARM.  ARM's passthrough isn't a pure
passthrough, which is directly related to why the "passthrough" is ok: there are
other callers to aarch64_vcpu_add() that pass a non-NULL @source.
zhaotianrui Aug. 3, 2023, 6:32 a.m. UTC | #2
在 2023/8/3 上午2:07, Sean Christopherson 写道:
> On Tue, Aug 01, 2023, Tianrui Zhao wrote:
>> Add processor tests for LoongArch KVM, including vcpu initialize
> Nit, AFAICT these aren't tests, this is simply the core KVM selftests support
> for LoongArch.
Thanks, I will fix this comment.
>
>> and tlb refill exception handler.
>>
>> Based-on: <20230720062813.4126751-1-zhaotianrui@loongson.cn>
>> Signed-off-by: Tianrui Zhao <zhaotianrui@loongson.cn>
>> ---
>>   .../selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S   |  27 ++
>>   .../selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c   | 367 ++++++++++++++++++
>>   2 files changed, 394 insertions(+)
>>   create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
>>   create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
>>
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..19dc50993da4
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
>> @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
>> +
>> +#include "sysreg.h"
>> +
>> +/* address of refill exception should be 4K aligned */
>> +.align  12
> .align works on bytes, not on shifts.  I.e. this will make handle_tlb_refill
> 12-byte aligned, not 4096-byte aligned.
Thanks, I will fix it to .balign 4096.
>
>> +.global handle_tlb_refill
>> +handle_tlb_refill:
>> +	csrwr	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRSAVE
>> +	csrrd	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_PGD
>> +	lddir	t0, t0, 3
>> +	lddir	t0, t0, 1
>> +	ldpte	t0, 0
>> +	ldpte	t0, 1
>> +	tlbfill
>> +	csrrd	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRSAVE
>> +	ertn
>> +
>> +/* address of general exception should be 4K aligned */
>> +.align  12
> Same thing here.
I will fix it too.
>
>> +.global handle_exception
>> +handle_exception:
>> +1:
>> +	nop
>> +	b	1b
>> +	nop
>> +	ertn
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..2e50b6e2c556
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
>> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>> +/*
>> + * KVM selftest LoongArch library code, including CPU-related functions.
>> + *
> Again, unnecessary IMO.  If you do keep the comment, the extra line with a bare
> asterisk should be dropped.
Thanks, I will remove this comment.
>
>> + */
>> +
>> +#include <assert.h>
>> +#include <linux/bitfield.h>
>> +#include <linux/compiler.h>
>> +
>> +#include "kvm_util.h"
>> +#include "processor.h"
>> +#include "sysreg.h"
>> +
>> +#define DEFAULT_LOONGARCH_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN		0xac0000
> Why diverge from the common?
>
> 	#define DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN	0xab6000
>
> AFAIK, the common value is also mostly arbitrary, but that just makes it even
> more confusing as to why LoongArch needs to bump the min by 0x4000.
This is reference from ARM, and I will fix it to use the the common value.
>
>> +uint64_t *virt_get_pte_hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
>> +{
>> +	uint64_t *ptep;
>> +
>> +	if (!vm->pgd_created)
>> +		goto unmapped_gva;
>> +
>> +	ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd) + pgd_index(vm, gva) * 8;
>> +	if (!ptep)
>> +		goto unmapped_gva;
>> +
>> +	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
>> +	case 4:
>> +		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pud_index(vm, gva) * 8;
>> +		if (!ptep)
>> +			goto unmapped_gva;
> This wants a "fallthrough" annotation.
Thanks, I will add the "fallthrough" annotation.
>
>> +	case 3:
>> +		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pmd_index(vm, gva) * 8;
>> +		if (!ptep)
>> +			goto unmapped_gva;
>> +	case 2:
>> +		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pte_index(vm, gva) * 8;
>> +		if (!ptep)
>> +			goto unmapped_gva;
>> +		break;
>> +	default:
>> +		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");
> Obviously it shouldn't come up, but print the actual pgtable_levels to make debug
> a wee bit easier e.g.
> 		TEST_FAIL("Got %u page table levels, expected 2, 3, or 4",
> 			  vm->pgtable_levels);
Thanks, I will also print the actual pgtable_levels in this debug function.
>
> Mostly out of curiosity, but also because it looks like this was heavily copy+pasted
> from ARM: does LoongArch actually support 2-level page tables?
Yes, this codes are mostly copy pasted from ARM, but LoongArch does not 
support 2-levels page tables, it only support 3-level and 4-level page 
tables, and I will fix it.
>> +static void loongarch_set_csr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t id, uint64_t val)
>> +{
>> +	uint64_t csrid;
>> +
>> +	csrid = KVM_REG_LOONGARCH_CSR | KVM_REG_SIZE_U64 | 8 * id;
>> +	vcpu_set_reg(vcpu, csrid, val);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void loongarch_vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long val;
>> +	int width;
>> +	struct kvm_vm *vm = vcpu->vm;
>> +
>> +	switch (vm->mode) {
>> +	case VM_MODE_P48V48_16K:
>> +	case VM_MODE_P40V48_16K:
>> +	case VM_MODE_P36V48_16K:
>> +	case VM_MODE_P36V47_16K:
>> +		break;
>> +
>> +	default:
>> +		TEST_FAIL("Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	/* user mode and page enable mode */
>> +	val = PLV_USER | CSR_CRMD_PG;
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD, val);
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PRMD, val);
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_EUEN, 1);
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_ECFG, 0);
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TCFG, 0);
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_ASID, 1);
>> +
>> +	width = vm->page_shift - 3;
>> +	val = 0;
>> +	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
>> +	case 4:
>> +		/* pud page shift and width */
>> +		val = (vm->page_shift + width * 2) << 20 | (width << 25);
>> +	case 3:
>> +		/* pmd page shift and width */
>> +		val |= (vm->page_shift + width) << 10 | (width << 15);
>> +	case 2:
>> +		/* pte page shift and width */
>> +		val |= vm->page_shift | width << 5;
>> +		break;
>> +	default:
>> +		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");
>> +	}
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PWCTL0, val);
>> +
>> +	/* pgd page shift and width */
>> +	val = (vm->page_shift + width * (vm->pgtable_levels - 1)) | width << 6;
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PWCTL1, val);
>> +
>> +	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PGDL, vm->pgd);
>> +
>> +	extern void handle_tlb_refill(void);
>> +	extern void handle_exception(void);
> Eww.  I get that it's probably undesirable to expose these via processor.h, but
> at least declare them outside of the function.
Thanks, I will declare them outside of the function.
>
>> +struct kvm_vcpu *vm_arch_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id,
>> +				  void *guest_code)
>> +{
>> +	return loongarch_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id, guest_code);
> Please drop the single-line passthrough, i.e. drop loongarch_vcpu_add().  I'm
> guessing you copy+pasted much of this from ARM.  ARM's passthrough isn't a pure
> passthrough, which is directly related to why the "passthrough" is ok: there are
> other callers to aarch64_vcpu_add() that pass a non-NULL @source.
Yes, this is also copy pasted from ARM, and I will drop the 
loongarch_vcpu_add() function and move the content of it to here.
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..19dc50993da4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/exception.S
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ 
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#include "sysreg.h"
+
+/* address of refill exception should be 4K aligned */
+.align  12
+.global handle_tlb_refill
+handle_tlb_refill:
+	csrwr	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRSAVE
+	csrrd	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_PGD
+	lddir	t0, t0, 3
+	lddir	t0, t0, 1
+	ldpte	t0, 0
+	ldpte	t0, 1
+	tlbfill
+	csrrd	t0, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRSAVE
+	ertn
+
+/* address of general exception should be 4K aligned */
+.align  12
+.global handle_exception
+handle_exception:
+1:
+	nop
+	b	1b
+	nop
+	ertn
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e50b6e2c556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/loongarch/processor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@ 
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * KVM selftest LoongArch library code, including CPU-related functions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <linux/bitfield.h>
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+
+#include "kvm_util.h"
+#include "processor.h"
+#include "sysreg.h"
+
+#define DEFAULT_LOONGARCH_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN		0xac0000
+
+static uint64_t pgd_index(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
+{
+	unsigned int shift;
+	uint64_t mask;
+
+	shift = (vm->pgtable_levels - 1) * (vm->page_shift - 3) + vm->page_shift;
+	mask = (1UL << (vm->va_bits - shift)) - 1;
+	return (gva >> shift) & mask;
+}
+
+static uint64_t pud_index(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
+{
+	unsigned int shift;
+	uint64_t mask;
+
+	shift = 2 * (vm->page_shift - 3) + vm->page_shift;
+	mask = (1UL << (vm->page_shift - 3)) - 1;
+	TEST_ASSERT(vm->pgtable_levels == 4,
+		    "Mode %d does not have 4 page table levels", vm->mode);
+
+	return (gva >> shift) & mask;
+}
+
+static uint64_t pmd_index(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
+{
+	unsigned int shift;
+	uint64_t mask;
+
+	shift = (vm->page_shift - 3) + vm->page_shift;
+	mask = (1UL << (vm->page_shift - 3)) - 1;
+	TEST_ASSERT(vm->pgtable_levels >= 3,
+		    "Mode %d does not have >= 3 page table levels", vm->mode);
+
+	return (gva >> shift) & mask;
+}
+
+static uint64_t pte_index(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
+{
+	uint64_t mask;
+
+	mask = (1UL << (vm->page_shift - 3)) - 1;
+	return (gva >> vm->page_shift) & mask;
+}
+
+static uint64_t pte_addr(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t entry)
+{
+	uint64_t mask;
+
+	mask = ((1UL << (vm->va_bits - vm->page_shift)) - 1) << vm->page_shift;
+	return entry & mask;
+}
+
+static uint64_t ptrs_per_pgd(struct kvm_vm *vm)
+{
+	unsigned int shift;
+
+	shift = (vm->pgtable_levels - 1) * (vm->page_shift - 3) + vm->page_shift;
+	return 1 << (vm->va_bits - shift);
+}
+
+static uint64_t __maybe_unused ptrs_per_pte(struct kvm_vm *vm)
+{
+	return 1 << (vm->page_shift - 3);
+}
+
+void virt_arch_pgd_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm)
+{
+	if (vm->pgd_created)
+		return;
+
+	vm->pgd = vm_alloc_page_table(vm);
+	vm->pgd_created = true;
+}
+
+uint64_t *virt_get_pte_hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
+{
+	uint64_t *ptep;
+
+	if (!vm->pgd_created)
+		goto unmapped_gva;
+
+	ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd) + pgd_index(vm, gva) * 8;
+	if (!ptep)
+		goto unmapped_gva;
+
+	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
+	case 4:
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pud_index(vm, gva) * 8;
+		if (!ptep)
+			goto unmapped_gva;
+	case 3:
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pmd_index(vm, gva) * 8;
+		if (!ptep)
+			goto unmapped_gva;
+	case 2:
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pte_index(vm, gva) * 8;
+		if (!ptep)
+			goto unmapped_gva;
+		break;
+	default:
+		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");
+	}
+
+	return ptep;
+
+unmapped_gva:
+	TEST_FAIL("No mapping for vm virtual address, gva: 0x%lx", gva);
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+vm_paddr_t addr_arch_gva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
+{
+	uint64_t *ptep;
+
+	ptep = virt_get_pte_hva(vm, gva);
+	return pte_addr(vm, *ptep) + (gva & (vm->page_size - 1));
+}
+
+void virt_arch_pg_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr)
+{
+	uint32_t prot_bits;
+	uint64_t *ptep;
+
+	TEST_ASSERT((vaddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
+			"Virtual address not on page boundary,\n"
+			"vaddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x", vaddr, vm->page_size);
+	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set(vm->vpages_valid,
+			(vaddr >> vm->page_shift)),
+			"Invalid virtual address, vaddr: 0x%lx", vaddr);
+	TEST_ASSERT((paddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
+			"Physical address not on page boundary,\n"
+			"paddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x", paddr, vm->page_size);
+	TEST_ASSERT((paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
+			"Physical address beyond maximum supported,\n"
+			"paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
+			paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);
+
+	ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd) + pgd_index(vm, vaddr) * 8;
+	if (!*ptep)
+		*ptep = vm_alloc_page_table(vm);
+
+	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
+	case 4:
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pud_index(vm, vaddr) * 8;
+		if (!*ptep)
+			*ptep = vm_alloc_page_table(vm);
+	case 3:
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pmd_index(vm, vaddr) * 8;
+		if (!*ptep)
+			*ptep = vm_alloc_page_table(vm);
+	case 2:
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte_addr(vm, *ptep)) + pte_index(vm, vaddr) * 8;
+		break;
+	default:
+		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");
+	}
+
+	prot_bits = _PAGE_PRESENT | __READABLE | __WRITEABLE | _CACHE_CC;
+	prot_bits |= _PAGE_USER;
+	*ptep = paddr | prot_bits;
+}
+
+static void pte_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent, uint64_t page, int level)
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	static const char * const type[] = { "", "pud", "pmd", "pte" };
+	uint64_t pte, *ptep;
+
+	if (level == 4)
+		return;
+
+	for (pte = page; pte < page + ptrs_per_pte(vm) * 8; pte += 8) {
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte);
+		if (!*ptep)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stream, "%*s%s: %lx: %lx at %p\n",
+			indent, "", type[level], pte, *ptep, ptep);
+		pte_dump(stream, vm, indent + 1, pte_addr(vm, *ptep), level + 1);
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+void virt_arch_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent)
+{
+	int level;
+	uint64_t pgd, *ptep;
+
+	level = 4 - (vm->pgtable_levels - 1);
+	if (!vm->pgd_created)
+		return;
+
+	for (pgd = vm->pgd; pgd < vm->pgd + ptrs_per_pgd(vm) * 8; pgd += 8) {
+		ptep = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pgd);
+		if (!*ptep)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stream, "%*spgd: %lx: %lx at %p\n", indent, "", pgd, *ptep, ptep);
+		pte_dump(stream, vm, indent + 1, pte_addr(vm, *ptep), level);
+	}
+}
+
+void vcpu_arch_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint8_t indent)
+{
+}
+
+void assert_on_unhandled_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+}
+
+void vcpu_args_set(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned int num, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	struct kvm_regs regs;
+	int i;
+
+	TEST_ASSERT(num >= 1 && num <= 8, "Unsupported number of args,\n"
+		    "num: %u\n", num);
+
+	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs);
+	va_start(ap, num);
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
+		regs.gpr[i + 4] = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+	va_end(ap);
+	vcpu_regs_set(vcpu, &regs);
+}
+
+static void loongarch_get_csr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t id, void *addr)
+{
+	uint64_t csrid;
+
+	csrid = KVM_REG_LOONGARCH_CSR | KVM_REG_SIZE_U64 | 8 * id;
+	vcpu_get_reg(vcpu, csrid, addr);
+}
+
+static void loongarch_set_csr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t id, uint64_t val)
+{
+	uint64_t csrid;
+
+	csrid = KVM_REG_LOONGARCH_CSR | KVM_REG_SIZE_U64 | 8 * id;
+	vcpu_set_reg(vcpu, csrid, val);
+}
+
+static void loongarch_vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+	unsigned long val;
+	int width;
+	struct kvm_vm *vm = vcpu->vm;
+
+	switch (vm->mode) {
+	case VM_MODE_P48V48_16K:
+	case VM_MODE_P40V48_16K:
+	case VM_MODE_P36V48_16K:
+	case VM_MODE_P36V47_16K:
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		TEST_FAIL("Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
+	}
+
+	/* user mode and page enable mode */
+	val = PLV_USER | CSR_CRMD_PG;
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD, val);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PRMD, val);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_EUEN, 1);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_ECFG, 0);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TCFG, 0);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_ASID, 1);
+
+	width = vm->page_shift - 3;
+	val = 0;
+	switch (vm->pgtable_levels) {
+	case 4:
+		/* pud page shift and width */
+		val = (vm->page_shift + width * 2) << 20 | (width << 25);
+	case 3:
+		/* pmd page shift and width */
+		val |= (vm->page_shift + width) << 10 | (width << 15);
+	case 2:
+		/* pte page shift and width */
+		val |= vm->page_shift | width << 5;
+		break;
+	default:
+		TEST_FAIL("Page table levels must be 2, 3, or 4");
+	}
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PWCTL0, val);
+
+	/* pgd page shift and width */
+	val = (vm->page_shift + width * (vm->pgtable_levels - 1)) | width << 6;
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PWCTL1, val);
+
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_PGDL, vm->pgd);
+
+	extern void handle_tlb_refill(void);
+	extern void handle_exception(void);
+	/*
+	 * refill exception runs on real mode, entry address should
+	 * be physical address
+	 */
+	val = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (unsigned long)handle_tlb_refill);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBRENTRY, val);
+
+	/*
+	 * general exception runs on page-enabled mode, entry address should
+	 * be virtual address
+	 */
+	val = (unsigned long)handle_exception;
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_EENTRY, val);
+
+	loongarch_get_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBIDX, &val);
+	val &= ~CSR_TLBIDX_SIZEM;
+	val |= PS_DEFAULT_SIZE << CSR_TLBIDX_SIZE;
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBIDX, val);
+
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_STLBPGSIZE, PS_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+
+	loongarch_get_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBREHI, &val);
+	val &= ~CSR_TLBREHI_PS;
+	val |= PS_DEFAULT_SIZE << CSR_TLBREHI_PS_SHIFT;
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TLBREHI, val);
+
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_CPUID, vcpu->id);
+	loongarch_set_csr(vcpu, LOONGARCH_CSR_TMID,  vcpu->id);
+}
+
+static struct kvm_vcpu *loongarch_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id, void *guest_code)
+{
+	size_t stack_size;
+	uint64_t stack_vaddr;
+	struct kvm_regs regs;
+	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
+
+	vcpu = __vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id);
+	stack_size = vm->page_size;
+	stack_vaddr = __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, stack_size,
+			DEFAULT_LOONGARCH_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN,
+			MEM_REGION_DATA);
+
+	loongarch_vcpu_setup(vcpu);
+	/* Setup guest general purpose registers */
+	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs);
+	regs.gpr[3] = stack_vaddr + stack_size - 8;
+	regs.pc = (uint64_t)guest_code;
+	vcpu_regs_set(vcpu, &regs);
+
+	return vcpu;
+}
+
+struct kvm_vcpu *vm_arch_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id,
+				  void *guest_code)
+{
+	return loongarch_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id, guest_code);
+}