From patchwork Tue Nov 29 21:39:55 2016 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Bjorn Helgaas X-Patchwork-Id: 9453151 Return-Path: Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.125]) by pdx-korg-patchwork.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0BEC86071C for ; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:41:57 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F18F227E78 for ; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:41:56 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix, from userid 486) id E5C8B28119; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:41:56 +0000 (UTC) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.1 (2010-03-16) on pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.2 required=2.0 tests=BAYES_00, DKIM_ADSP_CUSTOM_MED, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED autolearn=ham version=3.3.1 Received: from bombadil.infradead.org (bombadil.infradead.org [198.137.202.9]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D10BF27E78 for ; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:41:55 +0000 (UTC) Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=bombadil.infradead.org) by bombadil.infradead.org with esmtp (Exim 4.85_2 #1 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1cBq8f-0003R3-IQ; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:40:33 +0000 Received: from mail.kernel.org ([198.145.29.136]) by bombadil.infradead.org with esmtps (Exim 4.85_2 #1 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1cBq8O-00024r-Q1 for linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:40:18 +0000 Received: from mail.kernel.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A712201B4; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:39:58 +0000 (UTC) Received: from localhost (unknown [69.55.156.165]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 9AD8A20149; Tue, 29 Nov 2016 21:39:56 +0000 (UTC) Subject: [PATCH v2] PCI: Add information about describing PCI in ACPI From: Bjorn Helgaas To: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2016 15:39:55 -0600 Message-ID: <20161129213955.15663.21173.stgit@bhelgaas-glaptop.roam.corp.google.com> In-Reply-To: <20161129212816.15663.28100.stgit@bhelgaas-glaptop.roam.corp.google.com> References: <20161129212816.15663.28100.stgit@bhelgaas-glaptop.roam.corp.google.com> User-Agent: StGit/0.17.1-dirty MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP X-CRM114-Version: 20100106-BlameMichelson ( TRE 0.8.0 (BSD) ) MR-646709E3 X-CRM114-CacheID: sfid-20161129_134016_924573_D2F5FCA8 X-CRM114-Status: GOOD ( 31.13 ) X-BeenThere: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.20 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Ard Biesheuvel , Gabriele Paoloni , "Rafael J. Wysocki" , Duc Dang , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linaro-acpi@lists.linaro.org, linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org, Lorenzo Pieralisi , Lv Zheng , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Sender: "linux-arm-kernel" Errors-To: linux-arm-kernel-bounces+patchwork-linux-arm=patchwork.kernel.org@lists.infradead.org X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP Add a writeup about how PCI host bridges should be described in ACPI using PNP0A03/PNP0A08 devices, PNP0C02 devices, and the MCFG table. Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas --- Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX | 2 Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt | 180 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 182 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX index 147231f..0780280 100644 --- a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ 00-INDEX - this file +acpi-info.txt + - info on how PCI host bridges are represented in ACPI MSI-HOWTO.txt - the Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) Driver Guide HOWTO and FAQ. PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06b877f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ + ACPI considerations for PCI host bridges + +The basic requirement is that the ACPI namespace should describe +*everything* that consumes address space unless there's another standard +way for the OS to find it [1, 2].  For example, windows that are forwarded +to PCI by a PCI host bridge should be described via ACPI devices, since the +OS can't locate the host bridge by itself.  PCI devices *below* the host +bridge do not need to be described via ACPI, because the resources they +consume are inside the host bridge windows, and the OS can discover them +via the standard PCI enumeration mechanism (using config accesses to read +and size the BARs). + +This ACPI resource description is done via _CRS objects of devices in the +ACPI namespace [2].   The _CRS is like a generalized PCI BAR: the OS can +read _CRS and figure out what resource is being consumed even if it doesn't +have a driver for the device [3].  That's important because it means an old +OS can work correctly even on a system with new devices unknown to the OS. +The new devices won't do anything, but the OS can at least make sure no +resources conflict with them. + +Static tables like MCFG, HPET, ECDT, etc., are *not* mechanisms for +reserving address space! The static tables are for things the OS needs to +know early in boot, before it can parse the ACPI namespace. If a new table +is defined, an old OS needs to operate correctly even though it ignores the +table. _CRS allows that because it is generic and understood by the old +OS; a static table does not. + +If the OS is expected to manage a non-discoverable device described via +ACPI, that device will have a specific _HID/_CID that tells the OS what +driver to bind to it, and the _CRS tells the OS and the driver where the +device's registers are. + +PCI host bridges are PNP0A03 or PNP0A08 devices.  Their _CRS should +describe all the address space they consume.  This includes all the windows +they forward down to the PCI bus, as well as bridge registers that are not +forwarded to PCI.  The bridge registers include things like secondary/ +subordinate bus registers that determine the bus range below the bridge, +window registers that describe the apertures, etc.  These are all +device-specific, non-architected things, so the only way a PNP0A03/PNP0A08 +driver can manage them is via _PRS/_CRS/_SRS, which contain the +device-specific details.  The bridge registers also include ECAM space, +since it is consumed by the bridge. + +ACPI defines a Consumer/Producer bit to distinguish the bridge registers +("Consumer") from the bridge apertures ("Producer") [4, 5], but early +BIOSes didn't use that bit correctly. The result is that the current ACPI +spec defines Consumer/Producer only for the relatively new Extended Address +Space descriptors; the bit should be ignored in the older QWord/DWord/Word +Address Space descriptors. Consequently, OSes have to assume all +QWord/DWord/Word descriptors are windows. + +Prior to the addition of Extended Address Space descriptors, the failure of +Consumer/Producer meant there was no way to describe bridge registers in +the PNP0A03/PNP0A08 device itself. The workaround was to describe the +bridge registers (including ECAM space) in PNP0C02 catch-all devices [6]. +With the exception of ECAM, the bridge register space is device-specific +anyway, so the generic PNP0A03/PNP0A08 driver (pci_root.c) has no need to +know about it.   + +New architectures should be able to use "Consumer" Extended Address Space +descriptors in the PNP0A03 device for bridge registers, including ECAM, +although a strict interpretation of [6] might prohibit this. Old x86 and +ia64 kernels assume all address space descriptors, including "Consumer" +Extended Address Space ones, are windows, so it would not be safe to +describe bridge registers this way on those architectures. + +PNP0C02 "motherboard" devices are basically a catch-all.  There's no +programming model for them other than "don't use these resources for +anything else."  So a PNP0C02 _CRS should claim any address space that is +(1) not claimed by _CRS under any other device object in the ACPI namespace +and (2) should not be assigned by the OS to something else. + +The PCIe spec requires the Enhanced Configuration Access Method (ECAM) +unless there's a standard firmware interface for config access, e.g., the +ia64 SAL interface [7]. A host bridge consumes ECAM memory address space +and converts memory accesses into PCI configuration accesses. The spec +defines the ECAM address space layout and functionality; only the base of +the address space is device-specific. An ACPI OS learns the base address +from either the static MCFG table or a _CBA method in the PNP0A03 device. + +The MCFG table must describe the ECAM space of non-hot pluggable host +bridges [8]. Since MCFG is a static table and can't be updated by hotplug, +a _CBA method in the PNP0A03 device describes the ECAM space of a +hot-pluggable host bridge [9]. Note that for both MCFG and _CBA, the base +address always corresponds to bus 0, even if the bus range below the bridge +(which is reported via _CRS) doesn't start at 0. + + +[1] ACPI 6.0, sec 6.1: + For any device that is on a non-enumerable type of bus (for example, an + ISA bus), OSPM enumerates the devices' identifier(s) and the ACPI + system firmware must supply an _HID object ... for each device to + enable OSPM to do that. + +[2] ACPI 6.0, sec 3.7: + The OS enumerates motherboard devices simply by reading through the + ACPI Namespace looking for devices with hardware IDs. + + Each device enumerated by ACPI includes ACPI-defined objects in the + ACPI Namespace that report the hardware resources the device could + occupy [_PRS], an object that reports the resources that are currently + used by the device [_CRS], and objects for configuring those resources + [_SRS]. The information is used by the Plug and Play OS (OSPM) to + configure the devices. + +[3] ACPI 6.0, sec 6.2: + OSPM uses device configuration objects to configure hardware resources + for devices enumerated via ACPI. Device configuration objects provide + information about current and possible resource requirements, the + relationship between shared resources, and methods for configuring + hardware resources. + + When OSPM enumerates a device, it calls _PRS to determine the resource + requirements of the device. It may also call _CRS to find the current + resource settings for the device. Using this information, the Plug and + Play system determines what resources the device should consume and + sets those resources by calling the device’s _SRS control method. + + In ACPI, devices can consume resources (for example, legacy keyboards), + provide resources (for example, a proprietary PCI bridge), or do both. + Unless otherwise specified, resources for a device are assumed to be + taken from the nearest matching resource above the device in the device + hierarchy. + +[4] ACPI 6.0, sec 6.4.3.5.1, 2, 3, 4: + QWord/DWord/Word Address Space Descriptor (.1, .2, .3) + General Flags: Bit [0] Ignored + + Extended Address Space Descriptor (.4) + General Flags: Bit [0] Consumer/Producer: + 1–This device consumes this resource + 0–This device produces and consumes this resource + +[5] ACPI 6.0, sec 19.6.43: + ResourceUsage specifies whether the Memory range is consumed by + this device (ResourceConsumer) or passed on to child devices + (ResourceProducer). If nothing is specified, then + ResourceConsumer is assumed. + +[6] PCI Firmware 3.0, sec 4.1.2: + If the operating system does not natively comprehend reserving the + MMCFG region, the MMCFG region must be reserved by firmware. The + address range reported in the MCFG table or by _CBA method (see Section + 4.1.3) must be reserved by declaring a motherboard resource. For most + systems, the motherboard resource would appear at the root of the ACPI + namespace (under \_SB) in a node with a _HID of EISAID (PNP0C02), and + the resources in this case should not be claimed in the root PCI bus’s + _CRS. The resources can optionally be returned in Int15 E820 or + EFIGetMemoryMap as reserved memory but must always be reported through + ACPI as a motherboard resource. + +[7] PCI Express 3.0, sec 7.2.2: + For systems that are PC-compatible, or that do not implement a + processor-architecture-specific firmware interface standard that allows + access to the Configuration Space, the ECAM is required as defined in + this section. + +[8] PCI Firmware 3.0, sec 4.1.2: + The MCFG table is an ACPI table that is used to communicate the base + addresses corresponding to the non-hot removable PCI Segment Groups + range within a PCI Segment Group available to the operating system at + boot. This is required for the PC-compatible systems. + + The MCFG table is only used to communicate the base addresses + corresponding to the PCI Segment Groups available to the system at + boot. + +[9] PCI Firmware 3.0, sec 4.1.3: + The _CBA (Memory mapped Configuration Base Address) control method is + an optional ACPI object that returns the 64-bit memory mapped + configuration base address for the hot plug capable host bridge. The + base address returned by _CBA is processor-relative address. The _CBA + control method evaluates to an Integer. + + This control method appears under a host bridge object. When the _CBA + method appears under an active host bridge object, the operating system + evaluates this structure to identify the memory mapped configuration + base address corresponding to the PCI Segment Group for the bus number + range specified in _CRS method. An ACPI name space object that contains + the _CBA method must also contain a corresponding _SEG method.