[v3] kbuild: Show marked Kconfig fragments in "help"

Commit Message

Kees Cook Aug. 31, 2023, 7:13 p.m. UTC

Currently the Kconfig fragments in kernel/configs and arch/*/configs
that aren't used internally aren't discoverable through "make help",
which consists of hard-coded lists of config fragments. Instead, list
all the fragment targets that have a "# Help: " comment prefix so the
targets can be generated dynamically.

Add logic to the Makefile to search for and display the fragment and
comment. Add comments to fragments that are intended to be direct targets.

Cc: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <[e-mail]>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <[e-mail]>
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[e-mail]>
Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
---
v3:
- Use Makefile logic from Masahiro Yamada
- Use "# Help: " prefix, but only on desired fragment targets
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
---
 Makefile                                   |  1 -
 arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config    |  1 +
 arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config    |  1 +
 arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config    |  1 +
 arch/arm/configs/lpae.config               |  1 +
 arch/arm64/configs/virt.config             |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/configs/security.config       |  4 +++-
 arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config           |  1 +
 arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config           |  1 +
 arch/s390/configs/btf.config               |  1 +
 arch/s390/configs/kasan.config             |  1 +
 arch/x86/Makefile                          |  4 ----
 kernel/configs/debug.config                |  2 ++
 kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config            |  1 +
 kernel/configs/nopm.config                 |  2 ++
 kernel/configs/rust.config                 |  1 +
 kernel/configs/tiny.config                 |  2 ++
 kernel/configs/x86_debug.config            |  1 +
 kernel/configs/xen.config                  |  2 ++
 scripts/kconfig/Makefile                   | 15 ++++++++++++---
 21 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

Comments

Masahiro Yamada Sept. 1, 2023, 7:58 a.m. UTC | #1

On Fri, Sep 1, 2023 at 4:13 AM Kees Cook <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> Currently the Kconfig fragments in kernel/configs and arch/*/configs
> that aren't used internally aren't discoverable through "make help",
> which consists of hard-coded lists of config fragments. Instead, list
> all the fragment targets that have a "# Help: " comment prefix so the
> targets can be generated dynamically.
>
> Add logic to the Makefile to search for and display the fragment and
> comment. Add comments to fragments that are intended to be direct targets.
>
> Cc: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Christophe Leroy <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Randy Dunlap <[e-mail]>
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[e-mail]>
> Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
> ---
> v3:
> - Use Makefile logic from Masahiro Yamada
> - Use "# Help: " prefix, but only on desired fragment targets
> v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> ---
>  Makefile                                   |  1 -
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/lpae.config               |  1 +
>  arch/arm64/configs/virt.config             |  1 +
>  arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config |  1 +
>  arch/powerpc/configs/security.config       |  4 +++-
>  arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config           |  1 +
>  arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config           |  1 +
>  arch/s390/configs/btf.config               |  1 +
>  arch/s390/configs/kasan.config             |  1 +
>  arch/x86/Makefile                          |  4 ----
>  kernel/configs/debug.config                |  2 ++
>  kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config            |  1 +
>  kernel/configs/nopm.config                 |  2 ++
>  kernel/configs/rust.config                 |  1 +
>  kernel/configs/tiny.config                 |  2 ++
>  kernel/configs/x86_debug.config            |  1 +
>  kernel/configs/xen.config                  |  2 ++
>  scripts/kconfig/Makefile                   | 15 ++++++++++++---
>  21 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
>


Just one thing.





> diff --git a/kernel/configs/tiny.config b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> index 00009f7d0835..60a4b6d80b36 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> +# Help: Size-optimized kernel image


I will drop this.


We already have a hard-coded help message.

  tinyconfig   - Configure the tiniest possible kernel




Then, some lines below, again.

  tiny.config               - Size-optimized kernel image



tiny.config is for internal use for tinyconfig.

Kees Cook Sept. 1, 2023, 7:50 p.m. UTC | #2

On Fri, Sep 01, 2023 at 04:58:37PM +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 1, 2023 at 4:13 AM Kees Cook <[e-mail]> wrote:
> >
> > Currently the Kconfig fragments in kernel/configs and arch/*/configs
> > that aren't used internally aren't discoverable through "make help",
> > which consists of hard-coded lists of config fragments. Instead, list
> > all the fragment targets that have a "# Help: " comment prefix so the
> > targets can be generated dynamically.
> >
> > Add logic to the Makefile to search for and display the fragment and
> > comment. Add comments to fragments that are intended to be direct targets.
> >
> > Cc: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
> > Cc: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]>
> > Cc: Christophe Leroy <[e-mail]>
> > Cc: Randy Dunlap <[e-mail]>
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Cc: [e-mail]
> > Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[e-mail]>
> > Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
> > ---
> > v3:
> > - Use Makefile logic from Masahiro Yamada
> > - Use "# Help: " prefix, but only on desired fragment targets
> > v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> > v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> > ---
> >  Makefile                                   |  1 -
> >  arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config    |  1 +
> >  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config    |  1 +
> >  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config    |  1 +
> >  arch/arm/configs/lpae.config               |  1 +
> >  arch/arm64/configs/virt.config             |  1 +
> >  arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config |  1 +
> >  arch/powerpc/configs/security.config       |  4 +++-
> >  arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config           |  1 +
> >  arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config           |  1 +
> >  arch/s390/configs/btf.config               |  1 +
> >  arch/s390/configs/kasan.config             |  1 +
> >  arch/x86/Makefile                          |  4 ----
> >  kernel/configs/debug.config                |  2 ++
> >  kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config            |  1 +
> >  kernel/configs/nopm.config                 |  2 ++
> >  kernel/configs/rust.config                 |  1 +
> >  kernel/configs/tiny.config                 |  2 ++
> >  kernel/configs/x86_debug.config            |  1 +
> >  kernel/configs/xen.config                  |  2 ++
> >  scripts/kconfig/Makefile                   | 15 ++++++++++++---
> >  21 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> >
> 
> 
> Just one thing.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> > diff --git a/kernel/configs/tiny.config b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> > index 00009f7d0835..60a4b6d80b36 100644
> > --- a/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> > +++ b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> > @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> > +# Help: Size-optimized kernel image
> 
> 
> I will drop this.
> 
> 
> We already have a hard-coded help message.
> 
>   tinyconfig   - Configure the tiniest possible kernel
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Then, some lines below, again.
> 
>   tiny.config               - Size-optimized kernel image
> 
> 
> 
> tiny.config is for internal use for tinyconfig.

Shall I send a v4, or did you fix this up already?

Michael Ellerman Sept. 2, 2023, 1:37 a.m. UTC | #3

Kees Cook <[e-mail]> writes:
> Currently the Kconfig fragments in kernel/configs and arch/*/configs
> that aren't used internally aren't discoverable through "make help",
> which consists of hard-coded lists of config fragments. Instead, list
> all the fragment targets that have a "# Help: " comment prefix so the
> targets can be generated dynamically.
>
> Add logic to the Makefile to search for and display the fragment and
> comment. Add comments to fragments that are intended to be direct targets.
>
> Cc: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Christophe Leroy <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Randy Dunlap <[e-mail]>
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[e-mail]>
> Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
> ---
> v3:
> - Use Makefile logic from Masahiro Yamada
> - Use "# Help: " prefix, but only on desired fragment targets
> v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> ---
>  Makefile                                   |  1 -
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/lpae.config               |  1 +
>  arch/arm64/configs/virt.config             |  1 +
>  arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config |  1 +
>  arch/powerpc/configs/security.config       |  4 +++-
  
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]> (powerpc)

cheers

Masahiro Yamada Sept. 2, 2023, 6:17 a.m. UTC | #4

On Sat, Sep 2, 2023 at 4:50 AM Kees Cook <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On Fri, Sep 01, 2023 at 04:58:37PM +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > On Fri, Sep 1, 2023 at 4:13 AM Kees Cook <[e-mail]> wrote:
> > >
> > > Currently the Kconfig fragments in kernel/configs and arch/*/configs
> > > that aren't used internally aren't discoverable through "make help",
> > > which consists of hard-coded lists of config fragments. Instead, list
> > > all the fragment targets that have a "# Help: " comment prefix so the
> > > targets can be generated dynamically.
> > >
> > > Add logic to the Makefile to search for and display the fragment and
> > > comment. Add comments to fragments that are intended to be direct targets.
> > >
> > > Cc: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
> > > Cc: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]>
> > > Cc: Christophe Leroy <[e-mail]>
> > > Cc: Randy Dunlap <[e-mail]>
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Cc: [e-mail]
> > > Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[e-mail]>
> > > Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
> > > ---
> > > v3:
> > > - Use Makefile logic from Masahiro Yamada
> > > - Use "# Help: " prefix, but only on desired fragment targets
> > > v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> > > v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> > > ---
> > >  Makefile                                   |  1 -
> > >  arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config    |  1 +
> > >  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config    |  1 +
> > >  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config    |  1 +
> > >  arch/arm/configs/lpae.config               |  1 +
> > >  arch/arm64/configs/virt.config             |  1 +
> > >  arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config |  1 +
> > >  arch/powerpc/configs/security.config       |  4 +++-
> > >  arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config           |  1 +
> > >  arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config           |  1 +
> > >  arch/s390/configs/btf.config               |  1 +
> > >  arch/s390/configs/kasan.config             |  1 +
> > >  arch/x86/Makefile                          |  4 ----
> > >  kernel/configs/debug.config                |  2 ++
> > >  kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config            |  1 +
> > >  kernel/configs/nopm.config                 |  2 ++
> > >  kernel/configs/rust.config                 |  1 +
> > >  kernel/configs/tiny.config                 |  2 ++
> > >  kernel/configs/x86_debug.config            |  1 +
> > >  kernel/configs/xen.config                  |  2 ++
> > >  scripts/kconfig/Makefile                   | 15 ++++++++++++---
> > >  21 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> > >
> >
> >
> > Just one thing.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > > diff --git a/kernel/configs/tiny.config b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> > > index 00009f7d0835..60a4b6d80b36 100644
> > > --- a/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> > > +++ b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> > > @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> > > +# Help: Size-optimized kernel image
> >
> >
> > I will drop this.
> >
> >
> > We already have a hard-coded help message.
> >
> >   tinyconfig   - Configure the tiniest possible kernel
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Then, some lines below, again.
> >
> >   tiny.config               - Size-optimized kernel image
> >
> >
> >
> > tiny.config is for internal use for tinyconfig.
>
> Shall I send a v4, or did you fix this up already?


Locally fixed-up.

If nobody points out anything else,
you do not need to send v4.

Nicolas Schier Sept. 2, 2023, 6:17 p.m. UTC | #5

On Thu, Aug 31, 2023 at 12:13:39PM -0700 Kees Cook wrote:
> Currently the Kconfig fragments in kernel/configs and arch/*/configs
> that aren't used internally aren't discoverable through "make help",
> which consists of hard-coded lists of config fragments. Instead, list
> all the fragment targets that have a "# Help: " comment prefix so the
> targets can be generated dynamically.
> 
> Add logic to the Makefile to search for and display the fragment and
> comment. Add comments to fragments that are intended to be direct targets.
> 
> Cc: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Michael Ellerman <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Christophe Leroy <[e-mail]>
> Cc: Randy Dunlap <[e-mail]>
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Cc: [e-mail]
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[e-mail]>
> Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
> ---

Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>


> v3:
> - Use Makefile logic from Masahiro Yamada
> - Use "# Help: " prefix, but only on desired fragment targets
> v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[e-mail]
> ---
>  Makefile                                   |  1 -
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config    |  1 +
>  arch/arm/configs/lpae.config               |  1 +
>  arch/arm64/configs/virt.config             |  1 +
>  arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config |  1 +
>  arch/powerpc/configs/security.config       |  4 +++-
>  arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config           |  1 +
>  arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config           |  1 +
>  arch/s390/configs/btf.config               |  1 +
>  arch/s390/configs/kasan.config             |  1 +
>  arch/x86/Makefile                          |  4 ----
>  kernel/configs/debug.config                |  2 ++
>  kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config            |  1 +
>  kernel/configs/nopm.config                 |  2 ++
>  kernel/configs/rust.config                 |  1 +
>  kernel/configs/tiny.config                 |  2 ++
>  kernel/configs/x86_debug.config            |  1 +
>  kernel/configs/xen.config                  |  2 ++
>  scripts/kconfig/Makefile                   | 15 ++++++++++++---
>  21 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index 4739c21a63e2..91c90ce8e0e3 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -1674,7 +1674,6 @@ help:
>  	@echo  '  mrproper	  - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files'
>  	@echo  '  distclean	  - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files'
>  	@echo  ''
> -	@echo  'Configuration targets:'
>  	@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/Makefile help
>  	@echo  ''
>  	@echo  'Other generic targets:'
> diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config
> index db96dcb420ce..8803a0f58343 100644
> --- a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config
> +++ b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config
> @@ -1 +1,2 @@
> +# Help: DRAM base at 0x00000000
>  CONFIG_DRAM_BASE=0x00000000
> diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config
> index 343d5333d973..aab8f864686b 100644
> --- a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config
> +++ b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config
> @@ -1 +1,2 @@
> +# Help: DRAM base at 0xc0000000
>  CONFIG_DRAM_BASE=0xc0000000
> diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config
> index 61ba7045f8a1..4aabce4ea3d4 100644
> --- a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config
> +++ b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config
> @@ -1 +1,2 @@
> +# Help: DRAM base at 0xd0000000
>  CONFIG_DRAM_BASE=0xd0000000
> diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config b/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config
> index a6d6f7ab3c01..1ab94da8345d 100644
> --- a/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config
> +++ b/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config
> @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
> +# Help: Enable Large Physical Address Extension mode
>  CONFIG_ARM_LPAE=y
>  CONFIG_VMSPLIT_2G=y
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config b/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config
> index 6865d54e68f8..c47c36f8f67b 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config
> +++ b/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> +# Help: Virtualization guest
>  #
>  # Base options for platforms
>  #
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config b/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config
> index 6ea12a12432c..7776b91da37f 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config
> @@ -1 +1,2 @@
> +# Help: Disable -Werror
>  CONFIG_PPC_DISABLE_WERROR=y
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config b/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config
> index 1c91a35c6a73..0d54e29e2cdf 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> +# Help: Common security options for PowerPC builds
> +
>  # This is the equivalent of booting with lockdown=integrity
>  CONFIG_SECURITY=y
>  CONFIG_SECURITYFS=y
> @@ -12,4 +14,4 @@ CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON=y
>  
>  # UBSAN bounds checking is very cheap and good for hardening
>  CONFIG_UBSAN=y
> -# CONFIG_UBSAN_MISC is not set
> \ No newline at end of file
> +# CONFIG_UBSAN_MISC is not set
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config b/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config
> index f6af0f708df4..16ee163847b4 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config
> +++ b/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> +# Help: Build a 32-bit image
>  CONFIG_ARCH_RV32I=y
>  CONFIG_32BIT=y
>  # CONFIG_PORTABLE is not set
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config b/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config
> index 313edc554d84..d872a2d533f2 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config
> +++ b/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config
> @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
> +# Help: Build a 64-bit image
>  CONFIG_ARCH_RV64I=y
>  CONFIG_64BIT=y
> diff --git a/arch/s390/configs/btf.config b/arch/s390/configs/btf.config
> index 39227b4511af..eb7f84f5925c 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/configs/btf.config
> +++ b/arch/s390/configs/btf.config
> @@ -1 +1,2 @@
> +# Help: Enable BTF debug info
>  CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y
> diff --git a/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config b/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config
> index 700a8b25c3ff..84c2b551e992 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config
> +++ b/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> +# Help: Enable KASan for debugging
>  CONFIG_KASAN=y
>  CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y
>  CONFIG_KASAN_VMALLOC=y
> diff --git a/arch/x86/Makefile b/arch/x86/Makefile
> index fdc2e3abd615..c4b2a8a19fc8 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/Makefile
> @@ -335,9 +335,5 @@ define archhelp
>    echo  '			  bzdisk/fdimage*/hdimage/isoimage also accept:'
>    echo  '			  FDARGS="..."  arguments for the booted kernel'
>    echo  '			  FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel'
> -  echo  ''
> -  echo  '  kvm_guest.config	- Enable Kconfig items for running this kernel as a KVM guest'
> -  echo  '  xen.config		- Enable Kconfig items for running this kernel as a Xen guest'
> -  echo  '  x86_debug.config	- Enable tip tree debugging options for testing'
>  
>  endef
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/debug.config b/kernel/configs/debug.config
> index e8db8d938661..4722b998a324 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/debug.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/debug.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> +# Help: Debugging for CI systems and finding regressions
> +#
>  # The config is based on running daily CI for enterprise Linux distros to
>  # seek regressions on linux-next builds on different bare-metal and virtual
>  # platforms. It can be used for example,
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config b/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config
> index 208481d91090..d0877063d925 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> +# Help: Bootable as a KVM guest
>  CONFIG_NET=y
>  CONFIG_NET_CORE=y
>  CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/nopm.config b/kernel/configs/nopm.config
> index 81ff07863576..ebfdc3d8aa9a 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/nopm.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/nopm.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> +# Help: Disable Power Management
> +
>  CONFIG_PM=n
>  CONFIG_SUSPEND=n
>  CONFIG_HIBERNATION=n
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/rust.config b/kernel/configs/rust.config
> index 38a7c5362c9c..2c6e001a7284 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/rust.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/rust.config
> @@ -1 +1,2 @@
> +# Help: Enable Rust
>  CONFIG_RUST=y
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/tiny.config b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> index 00009f7d0835..60a4b6d80b36 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> +# Help: Size-optimized kernel image
> +#
>  # CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE is not set
>  CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y
>  # CONFIG_KERNEL_GZIP is not set
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config b/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config
> index 6fac5b405334..35f48671b8d5 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> +# Help: Debugging options for tip tree testing
>  CONFIG_X86_DEBUG_FPU=y
>  CONFIG_LOCK_STAT=y
>  CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y
> diff --git a/kernel/configs/xen.config b/kernel/configs/xen.config
> index 436f806aa1ed..6878b9a49be8 100644
> --- a/kernel/configs/xen.config
> +++ b/kernel/configs/xen.config
> @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
> +# Help: Bootable as a Xen guest
> +#
>  # global stuff - these enable us to allow some
>  # of the not so generic stuff below for xen
>  CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y
> diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
> index af1c96198f49..4eee155121a8 100644
> --- a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
> +++ b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
> @@ -93,11 +93,13 @@ endif
>  %_defconfig: $(obj)/conf
>  	$(Q)$< $(silent) --defconfig=arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$@ $(Kconfig)
>  
> -configfiles=$(wildcard $(srctree)/kernel/configs/$@ $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$@)
> +configfiles = $(wildcard $(srctree)/kernel/configs/$(1) $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$(1))
> +all-config-fragments = $(call configfiles,*.config)
> +config-fragments = $(call configfiles,$@)
>  
>  %.config: $(obj)/conf
> -	$(if $(call configfiles),, $(error No configuration exists for this target on this architecture))
> -	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m .config $(configfiles)
> +	$(if $(config-fragments),, $(error $@ fragment does not exists on this architecture))
> +	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m .config $(config-fragments)
>  	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile olddefconfig
>  
>  PHONY += tinyconfig
> @@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ clean-files += tests/.cache
>  
>  # Help text used by make help
>  help:
> +	@echo  'Configuration targets:'
>  	@echo  '  config	  - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program'
>  	@echo  '  nconfig         - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program'
>  	@echo  '  menuconfig	  - Update current config utilising a menu based program'
> @@ -141,6 +144,12 @@ help:
>  	@echo  '                    default value without prompting'
>  	@echo  '  tinyconfig	  - Configure the tiniest possible kernel'
>  	@echo  '  testconfig	  - Run Kconfig unit tests (requires python3 and pytest)'
> +	@echo  ''
> +	@echo  'Configuration topic targets:'
> +	@$(foreach f, $(all-config-fragments), \
> +		if help=$$(grep -m1 '^# Help: ' $(f)); then \
> +			printf '  %-25s - %s\n' '$(notdir $(f))' "$${help#*: }"; \
> +		fi;)
>  
>  # ===========================================================================
>  # object files used by all kconfig flavours
> -- 
> 2.34.1

Patch

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 4739c21a63e2..91c90ce8e0e3 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1674,7 +1674,6 @@  help:
 	@echo  '  mrproper	  - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files'
 	@echo  '  distclean	  - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files'
 	@echo  ''
-	@echo  'Configuration targets:'
 	@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/Makefile help
 	@echo  ''
 	@echo  'Other generic targets:'
diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config
index db96dcb420ce..8803a0f58343 100644
--- a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config
+++ b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0x00000000.config
@@ -1 +1,2 @@ 
+# Help: DRAM base at 0x00000000
 CONFIG_DRAM_BASE=0x00000000
diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config
index 343d5333d973..aab8f864686b 100644
--- a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config
+++ b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xc0000000.config
@@ -1 +1,2 @@ 
+# Help: DRAM base at 0xc0000000
 CONFIG_DRAM_BASE=0xc0000000
diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config
index 61ba7045f8a1..4aabce4ea3d4 100644
--- a/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config
+++ b/arch/arm/configs/dram_0xd0000000.config
@@ -1 +1,2 @@ 
+# Help: DRAM base at 0xd0000000
 CONFIG_DRAM_BASE=0xd0000000
diff --git a/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config b/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config
index a6d6f7ab3c01..1ab94da8345d 100644
--- a/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config
+++ b/arch/arm/configs/lpae.config
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ 
+# Help: Enable Large Physical Address Extension mode
 CONFIG_ARM_LPAE=y
 CONFIG_VMSPLIT_2G=y
diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config b/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config
index 6865d54e68f8..c47c36f8f67b 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config
+++ b/arch/arm64/configs/virt.config
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ 
+# Help: Virtualization guest
 #
 # Base options for platforms
 #
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config b/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config
index 6ea12a12432c..7776b91da37f 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config
+++ b/arch/powerpc/configs/disable-werror.config
@@ -1 +1,2 @@ 
+# Help: Disable -Werror
 CONFIG_PPC_DISABLE_WERROR=y
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config b/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config
index 1c91a35c6a73..0d54e29e2cdf 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config
+++ b/arch/powerpc/configs/security.config
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ 
+# Help: Common security options for PowerPC builds
+
 # This is the equivalent of booting with lockdown=integrity
 CONFIG_SECURITY=y
 CONFIG_SECURITYFS=y
@@ -12,4 +14,4 @@  CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON=y
 
 # UBSAN bounds checking is very cheap and good for hardening
 CONFIG_UBSAN=y
-# CONFIG_UBSAN_MISC is not set
\ No newline at end of file
+# CONFIG_UBSAN_MISC is not set
diff --git a/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config b/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config
index f6af0f708df4..16ee163847b4 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config
+++ b/arch/riscv/configs/32-bit.config
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ 
+# Help: Build a 32-bit image
 CONFIG_ARCH_RV32I=y
 CONFIG_32BIT=y
 # CONFIG_PORTABLE is not set
diff --git a/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config b/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config
index 313edc554d84..d872a2d533f2 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config
+++ b/arch/riscv/configs/64-bit.config
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ 
+# Help: Build a 64-bit image
 CONFIG_ARCH_RV64I=y
 CONFIG_64BIT=y
diff --git a/arch/s390/configs/btf.config b/arch/s390/configs/btf.config
index 39227b4511af..eb7f84f5925c 100644
--- a/arch/s390/configs/btf.config
+++ b/arch/s390/configs/btf.config
@@ -1 +1,2 @@ 
+# Help: Enable BTF debug info
 CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y
diff --git a/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config b/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config
index 700a8b25c3ff..84c2b551e992 100644
--- a/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config
+++ b/arch/s390/configs/kasan.config
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ 
+# Help: Enable KASan for debugging
 CONFIG_KASAN=y
 CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y
 CONFIG_KASAN_VMALLOC=y
diff --git a/arch/x86/Makefile b/arch/x86/Makefile
index fdc2e3abd615..c4b2a8a19fc8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/Makefile
@@ -335,9 +335,5 @@  define archhelp
   echo  '			  bzdisk/fdimage*/hdimage/isoimage also accept:'
   echo  '			  FDARGS="..."  arguments for the booted kernel'
   echo  '			  FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel'
-  echo  ''
-  echo  '  kvm_guest.config	- Enable Kconfig items for running this kernel as a KVM guest'
-  echo  '  xen.config		- Enable Kconfig items for running this kernel as a Xen guest'
-  echo  '  x86_debug.config	- Enable tip tree debugging options for testing'
 
 endef
diff --git a/kernel/configs/debug.config b/kernel/configs/debug.config
index e8db8d938661..4722b998a324 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/debug.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/debug.config
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ 
+# Help: Debugging for CI systems and finding regressions
+#
 # The config is based on running daily CI for enterprise Linux distros to
 # seek regressions on linux-next builds on different bare-metal and virtual
 # platforms. It can be used for example,
diff --git a/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config b/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config
index 208481d91090..d0877063d925 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/kvm_guest.config
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ 
+# Help: Bootable as a KVM guest
 CONFIG_NET=y
 CONFIG_NET_CORE=y
 CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y
diff --git a/kernel/configs/nopm.config b/kernel/configs/nopm.config
index 81ff07863576..ebfdc3d8aa9a 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/nopm.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/nopm.config
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ 
+# Help: Disable Power Management
+
 CONFIG_PM=n
 CONFIG_SUSPEND=n
 CONFIG_HIBERNATION=n
diff --git a/kernel/configs/rust.config b/kernel/configs/rust.config
index 38a7c5362c9c..2c6e001a7284 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/rust.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/rust.config
@@ -1 +1,2 @@ 
+# Help: Enable Rust
 CONFIG_RUST=y
diff --git a/kernel/configs/tiny.config b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
index 00009f7d0835..60a4b6d80b36 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/tiny.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/tiny.config
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ 
+# Help: Size-optimized kernel image
+#
 # CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE is not set
 CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y
 # CONFIG_KERNEL_GZIP is not set
diff --git a/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config b/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config
index 6fac5b405334..35f48671b8d5 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/x86_debug.config
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ 
+# Help: Debugging options for tip tree testing
 CONFIG_X86_DEBUG_FPU=y
 CONFIG_LOCK_STAT=y
 CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y
diff --git a/kernel/configs/xen.config b/kernel/configs/xen.config
index 436f806aa1ed..6878b9a49be8 100644
--- a/kernel/configs/xen.config
+++ b/kernel/configs/xen.config
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ 
+# Help: Bootable as a Xen guest
+#
 # global stuff - these enable us to allow some
 # of the not so generic stuff below for xen
 CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
index af1c96198f49..4eee155121a8 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
@@ -93,11 +93,13 @@  endif
 %_defconfig: $(obj)/conf
 	$(Q)$< $(silent) --defconfig=arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$@ $(Kconfig)
 
-configfiles=$(wildcard $(srctree)/kernel/configs/$@ $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$@)
+configfiles = $(wildcard $(srctree)/kernel/configs/$(1) $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$(1))
+all-config-fragments = $(call configfiles,*.config)
+config-fragments = $(call configfiles,$@)
 
 %.config: $(obj)/conf
-	$(if $(call configfiles),, $(error No configuration exists for this target on this architecture))
-	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m .config $(configfiles)
+	$(if $(config-fragments),, $(error $@ fragment does not exists on this architecture))
+	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m .config $(config-fragments)
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile olddefconfig
 
 PHONY += tinyconfig
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@  clean-files += tests/.cache
 
 # Help text used by make help
 help:
+	@echo  'Configuration targets:'
 	@echo  '  config	  - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program'
 	@echo  '  nconfig         - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program'
 	@echo  '  menuconfig	  - Update current config utilising a menu based program'
@@ -141,6 +144,12 @@  help:
 	@echo  '                    default value without prompting'
 	@echo  '  tinyconfig	  - Configure the tiniest possible kernel'
 	@echo  '  testconfig	  - Run Kconfig unit tests (requires python3 and pytest)'
+	@echo  ''
+	@echo  'Configuration topic targets:'
+	@$(foreach f, $(all-config-fragments), \
+		if help=$$(grep -m1 '^# Help: ' $(f)); then \
+			printf '  %-25s - %s\n' '$(notdir $(f))' "$${help#*: }"; \
+		fi;)
 
 # ===========================================================================
 # object files used by all kconfig flavours