diff mbox series

[v6,7/9] test/crypto: Add test suite for crypto akcipher

Message ID 20220514005504.1042884-8-pizhenwei@bytedance.com (mailing list archive)
State Not Applicable
Delegated to: Herbert Xu
Headers show
Series Introduce akcipher service for virtio-crypto | expand

Commit Message

zhenwei pi May 14, 2022, 12:55 a.m. UTC 
From: Lei He <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>

Add unit test and benchmark test for crypto akcipher.

Signed-off-by: lei he <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: zhenwei pi <pizhenwei@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
---
 tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c | 157 ++++++
 tests/bench/meson.build                 |   1 +
 tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc      | 537 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/unit/meson.build                  |   1 +
 tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c       | 711 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 1407 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c
 create mode 100644 tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc
 create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c

Comments

Daniel P. Berrangé May 23, 2022, 9:45 a.m. UTC | #1 
On Sat, May 14, 2022 at 08:55:02AM +0800, zhenwei pi wrote:
> From: Lei He <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
> 
> Add unit test and benchmark test for crypto akcipher.
> 
> Signed-off-by: lei he <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
> Signed-off-by: zhenwei pi <pizhenwei@bytedance.com>
> Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
> ---
>  tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c | 157 ++++++
>  tests/bench/meson.build                 |   1 +
>  tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc      | 537 ++++++++++++++++++
>  tests/unit/meson.build                  |   1 +
>  tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c       | 711 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 1407 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c
>  create mode 100644 tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc
>  create mode 100644 tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c
> 
> diff --git a/tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c b/tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..c6c80c0be1
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
> +/*
> + * QEMU Crypto akcipher speed benchmark
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2022 Bytedance
> + *
> + * Authors:
> + *    lei he <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
> + *
> + * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
> + * (at your option) any later version.  See the COPYING file in the
> + * top-level directory.
> + */
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "crypto/init.h"
> +#include "crypto/akcipher.h"
> +#include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_crypto.h"
> +
> +#include "test_akcipher_keys.inc"
> +
> +static bool keep_running;
> +
> +static void alarm_handler(int sig)
> +{
> +    keep_running = false;
> +}
> +
> +static QCryptoAkCipher *create_rsa_akcipher(const uint8_t *priv_key,
> +                                            size_t keylen,
> +                                            QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm padding,
> +                                            QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash)
> +{
> +    QCryptoAkCipherOptions opt;
> +    QCryptoAkCipher *rsa;
> +
> +    opt.alg = QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_ALG_RSA;
> +    opt.u.rsa.padding_alg = padding;
> +    opt.u.rsa.hash_alg = hash;
> +    rsa = qcrypto_akcipher_new(&opt, QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE,
> +                               priv_key, keylen, &error_abort);
> +    return rsa;
> +}
> +
> +static void test_rsa_speed(const uint8_t *priv_key, size_t keylen,
> +                           size_t key_size)
> +{
> +#define BYTE 8
> +#define SHA1_DGST_LEN 20
> +#define DURATION_SECONDS 10
> +#define PADDING QCRYPTO_RSA_PADDING_ALG_PKCS1
> +#define HASH QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1
> +
> +    g_autoptr(QCryptoAkCipher) rsa =
> +        create_rsa_akcipher(priv_key, keylen, PADDING, HASH);
> +    g_autofree uint8_t *dgst = NULL;
> +    g_autofree uint8_t *signature = NULL;
> +    size_t count;
> +
> +    dgst = g_new0(uint8_t, SHA1_DGST_LEN);
> +    memset(dgst, g_test_rand_int(), SHA1_DGST_LEN);
> +    signature = g_new0(uint8_t, key_size / BYTE);
> +
> +    g_test_message("benchmark rsa%lu (%s-%s) sign in %d seconds", key_size,
> +                   QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
> +                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
> +                   DURATION_SECONDS);

Needs to be '%zu' here and several other places in this file for any
parameter which is 'size_t'.

> +    alarm(DURATION_SECONDS);
> +    g_test_timer_start();
> +    for (keep_running = true, count = 0; keep_running; ++count) {
> +        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_sign(rsa, dgst, SHA1_DGST_LEN,
> +                                       signature, key_size / BYTE,
> +                                       &error_abort) > 0);
> +    }
> +    g_test_timer_elapsed();
> +    g_test_message("rsa%lu (%s-%s) sign %lu times in %.2f seconds,"
> +                   " %.2f times/sec ",
> +                   key_size,  QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
> +                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
> +                   count, g_test_timer_last(),
> +                   (double)count / g_test_timer_last());
> +
> +    g_test_message("benchmark rsa%lu (%s-%s) verify in %d seconds", key_size,
> +                   QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
> +                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
> +                   DURATION_SECONDS);
> +    alarm(DURATION_SECONDS);
> +    g_test_timer_start();
> +    for (keep_running = true, count = 0; keep_running; ++count) {
> +        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_verify(rsa, signature, key_size / BYTE,
> +                                         dgst, SHA1_DGST_LEN,
> +                                         &error_abort) == 0);
> +    }
> +    g_test_timer_elapsed();
> +    g_test_message("rsa%lu (%s-%s) verify %lu times in %.2f seconds,"
> +                   " %.2f times/sec ",
> +                   key_size, QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
> +                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
> +                   count, g_test_timer_last(),
> +                   (double)count / g_test_timer_last());
> +}
> +
> +static void test_rsa_1024_speed(const void *opaque)
> +{
> +    size_t key_size = (size_t)opaque;
> +    test_rsa_speed(rsa1024_priv_key, sizeof(rsa1024_priv_key), key_size);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_rsa_2048_speed(const void *opaque)
> +{
> +    size_t key_size = (size_t)opaque;
> +    test_rsa_speed(rsa2048_priv_key, sizeof(rsa2048_priv_key), key_size);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_rsa_4096_speed(const void *opaque)
> +{
> +    size_t key_size = (size_t)opaque;
> +    test_rsa_speed(rsa4096_priv_key, sizeof(rsa4096_priv_key), key_size);
> +}
> +
> +int main(int argc, char **argv)
> +{
> +    char *alg = NULL;
> +    char *size = NULL;
> +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
> +    g_assert(qcrypto_init(NULL) == 0);
> +    struct sigaction new_action, old_action;
> +
> +    new_action.sa_handler = alarm_handler;
> +
> +    /* Set up the structure to specify the new action. */
> +    sigemptyset(&new_action.sa_mask);
> +    new_action.sa_flags = 0;
> +    sigaction(SIGALRM, NULL, &old_action);
> +    g_assert(old_action.sa_handler != SIG_IGN);
> +    sigaction(SIGALRM, &new_action, NULL);

sigaction doesn't exist on Windows so this fails to compile.
I'd suggest processing a constant amount of data, as the other
benchmark programs do, rather than trying to run for a constant
amount of time.

> +
> +#define ADD_TEST(asym_alg, keysize)                    \
> +    if ((!alg || g_str_equal(alg, #asym_alg)) &&       \
> +        (!size || g_str_equal(size, #keysize)))        \
> +        g_test_add_data_func(                          \
> +        "/crypto/akcipher/" #asym_alg "-" #keysize,    \
> +        (void *)keysize,                               \
> +        test_ ## asym_alg ## _ ## keysize ## _speed)
> +
> +    if (argc >= 2) {
> +        alg = argv[1];
> +    }
> +    if (argc >= 3) {
> +        size = argv[2];
> +    }
> +
> +    ADD_TEST(rsa, 1024);
> +    ADD_TEST(rsa, 2048);
> +    ADD_TEST(rsa, 4096);
> +
> +    return g_test_run();
> +}


With regards,
Daniel
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c b/tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6c80c0be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/bench/benchmark-crypto-akcipher.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ 
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto akcipher speed benchmark
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Bytedance
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *    lei he <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
+ * (at your option) any later version.  See the COPYING file in the
+ * top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "crypto/init.h"
+#include "crypto/akcipher.h"
+#include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_crypto.h"
+
+#include "test_akcipher_keys.inc"
+
+static bool keep_running;
+
+static void alarm_handler(int sig)
+{
+    keep_running = false;
+}
+
+static QCryptoAkCipher *create_rsa_akcipher(const uint8_t *priv_key,
+                                            size_t keylen,
+                                            QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm padding,
+                                            QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash)
+{
+    QCryptoAkCipherOptions opt;
+    QCryptoAkCipher *rsa;
+
+    opt.alg = QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_ALG_RSA;
+    opt.u.rsa.padding_alg = padding;
+    opt.u.rsa.hash_alg = hash;
+    rsa = qcrypto_akcipher_new(&opt, QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+                               priv_key, keylen, &error_abort);
+    return rsa;
+}
+
+static void test_rsa_speed(const uint8_t *priv_key, size_t keylen,
+                           size_t key_size)
+{
+#define BYTE 8
+#define SHA1_DGST_LEN 20
+#define DURATION_SECONDS 10
+#define PADDING QCRYPTO_RSA_PADDING_ALG_PKCS1
+#define HASH QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1
+
+    g_autoptr(QCryptoAkCipher) rsa =
+        create_rsa_akcipher(priv_key, keylen, PADDING, HASH);
+    g_autofree uint8_t *dgst = NULL;
+    g_autofree uint8_t *signature = NULL;
+    size_t count;
+
+    dgst = g_new0(uint8_t, SHA1_DGST_LEN);
+    memset(dgst, g_test_rand_int(), SHA1_DGST_LEN);
+    signature = g_new0(uint8_t, key_size / BYTE);
+
+    g_test_message("benchmark rsa%lu (%s-%s) sign in %d seconds", key_size,
+                   QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
+                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
+                   DURATION_SECONDS);
+    alarm(DURATION_SECONDS);
+    g_test_timer_start();
+    for (keep_running = true, count = 0; keep_running; ++count) {
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_sign(rsa, dgst, SHA1_DGST_LEN,
+                                       signature, key_size / BYTE,
+                                       &error_abort) > 0);
+    }
+    g_test_timer_elapsed();
+    g_test_message("rsa%lu (%s-%s) sign %lu times in %.2f seconds,"
+                   " %.2f times/sec ",
+                   key_size,  QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
+                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
+                   count, g_test_timer_last(),
+                   (double)count / g_test_timer_last());
+
+    g_test_message("benchmark rsa%lu (%s-%s) verify in %d seconds", key_size,
+                   QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
+                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
+                   DURATION_SECONDS);
+    alarm(DURATION_SECONDS);
+    g_test_timer_start();
+    for (keep_running = true, count = 0; keep_running; ++count) {
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_verify(rsa, signature, key_size / BYTE,
+                                         dgst, SHA1_DGST_LEN,
+                                         &error_abort) == 0);
+    }
+    g_test_timer_elapsed();
+    g_test_message("rsa%lu (%s-%s) verify %lu times in %.2f seconds,"
+                   " %.2f times/sec ",
+                   key_size, QCryptoRSAPaddingAlgorithm_str(PADDING),
+                   QCryptoHashAlgorithm_str(HASH),
+                   count, g_test_timer_last(),
+                   (double)count / g_test_timer_last());
+}
+
+static void test_rsa_1024_speed(const void *opaque)
+{
+    size_t key_size = (size_t)opaque;
+    test_rsa_speed(rsa1024_priv_key, sizeof(rsa1024_priv_key), key_size);
+}
+
+static void test_rsa_2048_speed(const void *opaque)
+{
+    size_t key_size = (size_t)opaque;
+    test_rsa_speed(rsa2048_priv_key, sizeof(rsa2048_priv_key), key_size);
+}
+
+static void test_rsa_4096_speed(const void *opaque)
+{
+    size_t key_size = (size_t)opaque;
+    test_rsa_speed(rsa4096_priv_key, sizeof(rsa4096_priv_key), key_size);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char *alg = NULL;
+    char *size = NULL;
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+    g_assert(qcrypto_init(NULL) == 0);
+    struct sigaction new_action, old_action;
+
+    new_action.sa_handler = alarm_handler;
+
+    /* Set up the structure to specify the new action. */
+    sigemptyset(&new_action.sa_mask);
+    new_action.sa_flags = 0;
+    sigaction(SIGALRM, NULL, &old_action);
+    g_assert(old_action.sa_handler != SIG_IGN);
+    sigaction(SIGALRM, &new_action, NULL);
+
+#define ADD_TEST(asym_alg, keysize)                    \
+    if ((!alg || g_str_equal(alg, #asym_alg)) &&       \
+        (!size || g_str_equal(size, #keysize)))        \
+        g_test_add_data_func(                          \
+        "/crypto/akcipher/" #asym_alg "-" #keysize,    \
+        (void *)keysize,                               \
+        test_ ## asym_alg ## _ ## keysize ## _speed)
+
+    if (argc >= 2) {
+        alg = argv[1];
+    }
+    if (argc >= 3) {
+        size = argv[2];
+    }
+
+    ADD_TEST(rsa, 1024);
+    ADD_TEST(rsa, 2048);
+    ADD_TEST(rsa, 4096);
+
+    return g_test_run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/bench/meson.build b/tests/bench/meson.build
index 00b3c209dc..279a8fcc33 100644
--- a/tests/bench/meson.build
+++ b/tests/bench/meson.build
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@  if have_block
      'benchmark-crypto-hash': [crypto],
      'benchmark-crypto-hmac': [crypto],
      'benchmark-crypto-cipher': [crypto],
+     'benchmark-crypto-akcipher': [crypto],
   }
 endif
 
diff --git a/tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc b/tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df3eccb45e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/bench/test_akcipher_keys.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@ 
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Bytedance, and/or its affiliates
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ * Author: lei he <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
+ */
+
+/* RSA test keys, generated by OpenSSL */
+static const uint8_t rsa1024_priv_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
+    0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x4d, 0x76, 0x4f, 0xb2,
+    0x97, 0x09, 0xad, 0x9d, 0x17, 0x33, 0xf2, 0x30,
+    0x42, 0x83, 0xa9, 0xcb, 0x49, 0xa4, 0x2e, 0x59,
+    0x5e, 0x75, 0x51, 0xd1, 0xac, 0xc8, 0x86, 0x3e,
+    0xdb, 0x72, 0x2e, 0xb2, 0xf7, 0xc3, 0x5b, 0xc7,
+    0xea, 0xed, 0x30, 0xd1, 0xf7, 0x37, 0xee, 0x9d,
+    0x36, 0x59, 0x6f, 0xf8, 0xce, 0xc0, 0x5c, 0x82,
+    0x80, 0x37, 0x83, 0xd7, 0x45, 0x6a, 0xe9, 0xea,
+    0xc5, 0x3a, 0x59, 0x6b, 0x34, 0x31, 0x44, 0x00,
+    0x74, 0xa7, 0x29, 0xab, 0x79, 0x4a, 0xbd, 0xe8,
+    0x25, 0x35, 0x01, 0x11, 0x40, 0xbf, 0x31, 0xbd,
+    0xd3, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x1e, 0xd5, 0x5b, 0x2f, 0xe9,
+    0x20, 0xf2, 0x9f, 0x46, 0x35, 0x30, 0xa8, 0xf1,
+    0xfe, 0xef, 0xd8, 0x76, 0x23, 0x46, 0x34, 0x70,
+    0xa1, 0xce, 0xc6, 0x65, 0x6d, 0xb0, 0x94, 0x7e,
+    0xe5, 0x92, 0x45, 0x7b, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0x95, 0x97,
+    0x77, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+    0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x30, 0x6a, 0xc4, 0x9e, 0xc8,
+    0xba, 0xfc, 0x2b, 0xe5, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0x04, 0xfb,
+    0xa4, 0x60, 0x2d, 0xc8, 0x31, 0x39, 0x35, 0x0d,
+    0x50, 0xd0, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x11, 0x68, 0x2e, 0xe0,
+    0xf4, 0x1d, 0xb3, 0x37, 0xa8, 0xe3, 0x07, 0x5e,
+    0xa6, 0x43, 0x2b, 0x6a, 0x59, 0x01, 0x07, 0x47,
+    0x41, 0xef, 0xd7, 0x9c, 0x85, 0x4a, 0xe7, 0xa7,
+    0xff, 0xf0, 0xab, 0xe5, 0x0c, 0x11, 0x08, 0x10,
+    0x75, 0x5a, 0x68, 0xa0, 0x08, 0x03, 0xc9, 0x40,
+    0x79, 0x67, 0x1d, 0x65, 0x89, 0x2d, 0x08, 0xf9,
+    0xb5, 0x1b, 0x7d, 0xd2, 0x41, 0x3b, 0x33, 0xf2,
+    0x47, 0x2f, 0x9c, 0x0b, 0xd5, 0xaf, 0xcb, 0xdb,
+    0xbb, 0x37, 0x63, 0x03, 0xf8, 0xe7, 0x2e, 0xc7,
+    0x3c, 0x86, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0x70, 0x6a,
+    0x4d, 0x7c, 0xe4, 0x1b, 0x3a, 0xa9, 0xae, 0xd7,
+    0xce, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xc2, 0x73, 0x5e, 0x58, 0x63,
+    0xd5, 0x86, 0x41, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00, 0xf6, 0x56,
+    0x69, 0xec, 0xef, 0x65, 0x95, 0xdc, 0x25, 0x47,
+    0xe0, 0x6f, 0xb0, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x77, 0x0a, 0x5e,
+    0x46, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0x0b, 0x71, 0x51, 0x2a, 0xa4,
+    0x65, 0x29, 0x18, 0xc6, 0x30, 0xa0, 0x95, 0x4c,
+    0x4b, 0xbe, 0x8c, 0x40, 0xe3, 0x9c, 0x23, 0x02,
+    0x14, 0x43, 0xe9, 0x64, 0xea, 0xe3, 0xa8, 0xe2,
+    0x1a, 0xd5, 0xf9, 0x5c, 0xe0, 0x36, 0x2c, 0x97,
+    0xda, 0xd5, 0xc7, 0x46, 0xce, 0x11, 0x02, 0x41,
+    0x00, 0xef, 0x56, 0x08, 0xb8, 0x29, 0xa5, 0xa6,
+    0x7c, 0xf7, 0x5f, 0xb4, 0xf5, 0x63, 0xe7, 0xeb,
+    0x45, 0xfd, 0x89, 0xaa, 0x94, 0xa6, 0x3d, 0x0b,
+    0xd9, 0x04, 0x6f, 0x78, 0xe0, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0xd4,
+    0x29, 0x83, 0x17, 0x95, 0x6f, 0x50, 0x3d, 0x40,
+    0x5d, 0xe5, 0x24, 0xda, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x50, 0x86,
+    0xa8, 0x34, 0xc8, 0x6f, 0xec, 0x7f, 0xb6, 0x45,
+    0x3a, 0xdd, 0x78, 0x9b, 0xee, 0xa1, 0xe4, 0x09,
+    0xa3, 0x02, 0x40, 0x5c, 0xd6, 0x66, 0x67, 0x58,
+    0x35, 0xc5, 0xcb, 0xc8, 0xf5, 0x14, 0xbd, 0xa3,
+    0x09, 0xe0, 0xb2, 0x1f, 0x63, 0x36, 0x75, 0x34,
+    0x52, 0xea, 0xaa, 0xf7, 0x52, 0x2b, 0x99, 0xd8,
+    0x6f, 0x61, 0x06, 0x34, 0x1e, 0x23, 0xf1, 0xb5,
+    0x34, 0x03, 0x53, 0xe5, 0xd1, 0xb3, 0xc7, 0x80,
+    0x5f, 0x7b, 0x32, 0xbf, 0x84, 0x2f, 0x2e, 0xf3,
+    0x22, 0xb0, 0x91, 0x5a, 0x2f, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x4a,
+    0x9a, 0x01, 0xb1, 0x02, 0x40, 0x34, 0x0b, 0x26,
+    0x4c, 0x3d, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0xc0, 0xe3, 0xdd, 0xe8,
+    0xf0, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0xe0, 0x06, 0x51, 0x32, 0x9d,
+    0x68, 0x43, 0x99, 0xe4, 0xb8, 0xa5, 0x31, 0x44,
+    0x3c, 0xc2, 0x30, 0x8f, 0x28, 0x13, 0xbc, 0x8e,
+    0x1f, 0x2d, 0x78, 0x94, 0x45, 0x96, 0xad, 0x63,
+    0xf0, 0x71, 0x53, 0x72, 0x64, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0xae,
+    0xa0, 0xe3, 0xc8, 0x93, 0xd7, 0x50, 0x0f, 0x89,
+    0x00, 0xe4, 0x2d, 0x3d, 0x37, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00,
+    0xbe, 0xa6, 0x08, 0xe0, 0xc8, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x47,
+    0xcb, 0xd5, 0xec, 0x93, 0xd3, 0xaa, 0x12, 0x82,
+    0xaf, 0xac, 0x51, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0xa7, 0x93, 0x4b,
+    0xb9, 0xab, 0x00, 0xfa, 0x5a, 0xea, 0x34, 0xe4,
+    0x80, 0xf1, 0x44, 0x6a, 0x65, 0xe4, 0x33, 0x99,
+    0xfb, 0x54, 0xd7, 0x89, 0x5a, 0x1b, 0xd6, 0x2b,
+    0xcc, 0x6e, 0x4b, 0x19, 0xa0, 0x6d, 0x93, 0x9f,
+    0xc3, 0x91, 0x7a, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0x59, 0x0e, 0x9e,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t rsa2048_priv_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
+    0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xbd, 0x9c, 0x83, 0x6b,
+    0x0e, 0x8e, 0xcf, 0xfa, 0xaa, 0x4f, 0x6a, 0xf4,
+    0xe3, 0x52, 0x0f, 0xa5, 0xd0, 0xbe, 0x5e, 0x7f,
+    0x08, 0x24, 0xba, 0x87, 0x46, 0xfb, 0x28, 0x93,
+    0xe5, 0xe5, 0x81, 0x42, 0xc0, 0xf9, 0x17, 0xc7,
+    0x81, 0x01, 0xf4, 0x18, 0x6a, 0x17, 0xf5, 0x57,
+    0x20, 0x37, 0xcf, 0xf9, 0x74, 0x5e, 0xe1, 0x48,
+    0x6a, 0x71, 0x0a, 0x0f, 0x79, 0x72, 0x2b, 0x46,
+    0x10, 0x53, 0xdc, 0x14, 0x43, 0xbd, 0xbc, 0x6d,
+    0x15, 0x6f, 0x15, 0x4e, 0xf0, 0x0d, 0x89, 0x39,
+    0x02, 0xc3, 0x68, 0x5c, 0xa8, 0xfc, 0xed, 0x64,
+    0x9d, 0x98, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0x83, 0x66, 0x93, 0xc3,
+    0xd9, 0x57, 0xa0, 0x21, 0x93, 0xad, 0x5c, 0x75,
+    0x69, 0x88, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xdc, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0xd5,
+    0xbd, 0x1c, 0xc1, 0x30, 0x56, 0xa5, 0xda, 0x99,
+    0x46, 0xa6, 0x6d, 0x0e, 0x6f, 0x5e, 0x51, 0x34,
+    0x49, 0x73, 0xc3, 0x67, 0x49, 0x7e, 0x21, 0x2a,
+    0x20, 0xa7, 0x2b, 0x92, 0x73, 0x1d, 0xa5, 0x25,
+    0x2a, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x89, 0x75, 0xb2, 0xbb, 0x19,
+    0x37, 0x78, 0x48, 0xd2, 0xf2, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x9e,
+    0xc6, 0x26, 0xca, 0x46, 0x8c, 0xf1, 0x42, 0x2a,
+    0x31, 0xb2, 0xfc, 0xe7, 0x55, 0x51, 0xff, 0x07,
+    0x13, 0x5b, 0x36, 0x59, 0x2b, 0x43, 0x30, 0x4b,
+    0x05, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x45, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0x7c, 0x17,
+    0x5b, 0x07, 0xbb, 0x5d, 0x83, 0x80, 0x92, 0x6d,
+    0x87, 0x1a, 0x43, 0xac, 0xc7, 0x6b, 0x8d, 0x11,
+    0x60, 0x27, 0xd2, 0xdf, 0xdb, 0x71, 0x02, 0x55,
+    0x6e, 0xb5, 0xca, 0x4d, 0xda, 0x59, 0x0d, 0xb8,
+    0x8c, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x0e, 0x55, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x8d,
+    0xa0, 0x14, 0x10, 0x48, 0x42, 0x35, 0x56, 0x08,
+    0xf7, 0x29, 0x5f, 0xa2, 0xea, 0xa4, 0x5e, 0x8e,
+    0x99, 0x56, 0xaa, 0x5a, 0x8c, 0x23, 0x8f, 0x35,
+    0x22, 0x8a, 0xff, 0xed, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x4a, 0xf3,
+    0x44, 0xe0, 0x64, 0xfd, 0xe1, 0xde, 0x33, 0x1e,
+    0xd1, 0xf1, 0x8f, 0x6f, 0xe0, 0xa2, 0xfa, 0x08,
+    0x60, 0xe1, 0xc6, 0xf0, 0xb2, 0x6d, 0x0f, 0xc6,
+    0x28, 0x93, 0xb4, 0x19, 0x94, 0xab, 0xc3, 0xef,
+    0x1a, 0xb4, 0xdd, 0x4e, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x24, 0x8c,
+    0x6c, 0xa6, 0x64, 0x05, 0x5f, 0x56, 0xba, 0xda,
+    0xc1, 0x21, 0x1a, 0x7d, 0xf1, 0xf7, 0xce, 0xb9,
+    0xa9, 0x9b, 0x92, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x95, 0x20, 0x22,
+    0x4e, 0xd4, 0x9b, 0xe2, 0xab, 0x8e, 0x99, 0xb8,
+    0x40, 0xaf, 0x30, 0x6a, 0xc6, 0x60, 0x0c, 0xd8,
+    0x25, 0x44, 0xa1, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0x73, 0x77, 0x86,
+    0xaa, 0x46, 0xf3, 0x54, 0xae, 0xa8, 0xa0, 0xdb,
+    0xdd, 0xab, 0x6e, 0xfb, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0x14, 0xaf,
+    0x08, 0x13, 0xa7, 0x6c, 0xe9, 0xfd, 0xcd, 0x4c,
+    0x1f, 0x20, 0x3a, 0x16, 0x2b, 0xf0, 0xb6, 0x7c,
+    0x47, 0x5f, 0xd1, 0x0a, 0x2c, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0x68,
+    0xd0, 0x43, 0x75, 0x6b, 0x65, 0xaa, 0x32, 0xc6,
+    0x99, 0x06, 0xcb, 0x8f, 0xe6, 0x8d, 0xce, 0xbf,
+    0x4d, 0x0d, 0x7b, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x8a, 0xcb, 0x7d,
+    0x7f, 0x16, 0x48, 0x85, 0xf1, 0x86, 0xcb, 0x54,
+    0xb9, 0x39, 0xd4, 0xbc, 0xe3, 0x2d, 0x27, 0x59,
+    0xf6, 0x81, 0x5e, 0x94, 0x45, 0xdf, 0xb9, 0x22,
+    0xaf, 0x64, 0x0d, 0x14, 0xec, 0x8c, 0xeb, 0x71,
+    0xac, 0xee, 0x09, 0x4c, 0xbf, 0x34, 0xf9, 0xf4,
+    0x66, 0x77, 0x36, 0x3b, 0x41, 0x74, 0x01, 0x4f,
+    0xfc, 0x56, 0x83, 0xba, 0x14, 0xb0, 0x2f, 0xdd,
+    0x4d, 0xb9, 0x3f, 0xdf, 0x71, 0xbe, 0x7b, 0xba,
+    0x66, 0xc8, 0xc5, 0x42, 0xc9, 0xba, 0x18, 0x63,
+    0x45, 0x07, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x3e, 0xc3, 0xfb, 0x47,
+    0xda, 0xd4, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x9d, 0x96, 0xc0, 0xea,
+    0xee, 0x45, 0x2f, 0xe1, 0x62, 0x23, 0xee, 0xef,
+    0x3d, 0x5e, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81,
+    0x00, 0xeb, 0x76, 0x88, 0xd3, 0xae, 0x3f, 0x1d,
+    0xf2, 0x49, 0xe0, 0x37, 0x49, 0x83, 0x82, 0x6c,
+    0xf7, 0xf1, 0x17, 0x30, 0x75, 0x2e, 0x89, 0x06,
+    0x88, 0x56, 0x32, 0xf6, 0xfa, 0x58, 0xcb, 0x3c,
+    0x98, 0x67, 0xc3, 0xde, 0x10, 0x82, 0xe5, 0xfa,
+    0xfa, 0x52, 0x47, 0x8d, 0xd7, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xcb,
+    0xf7, 0xf6, 0x57, 0x9b, 0x6e, 0x0c, 0xac, 0xe8,
+    0x3b, 0xd1, 0xde, 0xb5, 0x34, 0xaf, 0x8b, 0x2a,
+    0xb0, 0x2d, 0x01, 0xeb, 0x7c, 0xa0, 0x42, 0x26,
+    0xbb, 0x2b, 0x43, 0x0e, 0x1d, 0xe2, 0x4e, 0xc9,
+    0xc1, 0x0a, 0x67, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0x83, 0x25, 0xce,
+    0xb2, 0x18, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x70, 0xf5, 0xa3, 0x5a,
+    0x9c, 0x99, 0xdd, 0x47, 0xa1, 0x57, 0xe7, 0x20,
+    0xde, 0xa1, 0x29, 0x8d, 0x96, 0x62, 0xf9, 0x26,
+    0x95, 0x51, 0xa6, 0xe7, 0x09, 0x8b, 0xba, 0x16,
+    0x8b, 0x19, 0x5b, 0xf9, 0x27, 0x0d, 0xc5, 0xd6,
+    0x5f, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xce, 0x26, 0x31,
+    0xb5, 0x43, 0x53, 0x95, 0x39, 0xdd, 0x01, 0x98,
+    0x8b, 0x3d, 0x27, 0xeb, 0x0b, 0x87, 0x1c, 0x95,
+    0xfc, 0x3e, 0x36, 0x51, 0x31, 0xb5, 0xea, 0x59,
+    0x56, 0xc0, 0x97, 0x62, 0xf0, 0x63, 0x2b, 0xb6,
+    0x30, 0x9b, 0xdf, 0x19, 0x10, 0xe9, 0xa0, 0x3d,
+    0xea, 0x54, 0x5a, 0xe6, 0xc6, 0x9e, 0x7e, 0xb5,
+    0xf0, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xef, 0xc3, 0xe1, 0x47, 0xa6,
+    0x95, 0xc7, 0xe4, 0xa3, 0x4a, 0x30, 0x68, 0x24,
+    0x98, 0x7d, 0xc1, 0x34, 0xa9, 0xcb, 0xbc, 0x3c,
+    0x08, 0x9c, 0x7d, 0x0c, 0xa2, 0xb7, 0x60, 0xaa,
+    0x38, 0x08, 0x16, 0xa6, 0x7f, 0xdb, 0xd2, 0xb1,
+    0x67, 0xe7, 0x93, 0x8e, 0xbb, 0x7e, 0xb9, 0xb5,
+    0xd0, 0xd0, 0x9f, 0x7b, 0xcc, 0x46, 0xe6, 0x74,
+    0x78, 0x1a, 0x96, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0x74, 0x34, 0x54,
+    0x3b, 0x54, 0x55, 0x7f, 0x89, 0x81, 0xbc, 0x40,
+    0x55, 0x87, 0x24, 0x95, 0x33, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81,
+    0x00, 0xb0, 0x18, 0x5d, 0x2a, 0x1a, 0x95, 0x9f,
+    0x9a, 0xd5, 0x3f, 0x37, 0x79, 0xe6, 0x3d, 0x83,
+    0xab, 0x46, 0x86, 0x36, 0x3a, 0x5d, 0x0c, 0x23,
+    0x73, 0x91, 0x2b, 0xda, 0x63, 0xce, 0x46, 0x68,
+    0xd1, 0xfe, 0x40, 0x90, 0xf2, 0x3e, 0x43, 0x2b,
+    0x19, 0x4c, 0xb1, 0xb0, 0xd5, 0x8c, 0x02, 0x21,
+    0x07, 0x18, 0x17, 0xda, 0xe9, 0x49, 0xd7, 0x82,
+    0x73, 0x42, 0x78, 0xd1, 0x82, 0x4e, 0x8a, 0xc0,
+    0xe9, 0x33, 0x2f, 0xcd, 0x62, 0xce, 0x23, 0xca,
+    0xfd, 0x8d, 0xd4, 0x3f, 0x59, 0x80, 0x27, 0xb6,
+    0x61, 0x85, 0x9b, 0x2a, 0xe4, 0xef, 0x5c, 0x36,
+    0x22, 0x21, 0xcd, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x41, 0x77, 0xe2,
+    0xcb, 0x5d, 0x93, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x10, 0x52, 0x8d,
+    0xd5, 0x92, 0x28, 0x16, 0x78, 0xd3, 0x1a, 0x4c,
+    0x8d, 0xbd, 0x9c, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0x9c, 0x91, 0x16,
+    0x4c, 0xff, 0x31, 0x36, 0xbb, 0xcb, 0x64, 0x1a,
+    0xf7, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x32, 0x65, 0x09, 0xdf,
+    0xca, 0xee, 0xa2, 0xdb, 0x3b, 0x58, 0xc9, 0x86,
+    0xb8, 0x53, 0x8a, 0xd5, 0x0d, 0x99, 0x82, 0x5c,
+    0xe0, 0x84, 0x7c, 0xc2, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0xd3, 0xce,
+    0x2e, 0x54, 0x93, 0xbe, 0x3a, 0x30, 0x14, 0x60,
+    0xbb, 0xaa, 0x05, 0x41, 0xaa, 0x2b, 0x1f, 0x17,
+    0xaa, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x12, 0xf9, 0xe9, 0xf5, 0xe6,
+    0x39, 0xe4, 0xf9, 0x9c, 0x03, 0xf5, 0x75, 0x16,
+    0xc6, 0x7f, 0xf1, 0x1f, 0x10, 0xc8, 0x54, 0xb1,
+    0xe6, 0x84, 0x15, 0xb0, 0xb0, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0x9e,
+    0x8c, 0x4a, 0xd1, 0x8c, 0xf1, 0x91, 0x32, 0xeb,
+    0x71, 0xa6, 0xbf, 0xdb, 0x1f, 0xcc, 0xd8, 0xcb,
+    0x92, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xaf, 0x89, 0x22, 0x32, 0xfd,
+    0x32, 0x12, 0xda, 0xbb, 0xac, 0x55, 0x68, 0x01,
+    0x78, 0x56, 0x89, 0x7c, 0xb0, 0x0e, 0x9e, 0xcc,
+    0xc6, 0x28, 0x04, 0x7e, 0x83, 0xf5, 0x96, 0x30,
+    0x92, 0x51, 0xf2, 0x1b, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00,
+    0x83, 0x6d, 0xd1, 0x98, 0x90, 0x41, 0x8c, 0xa7,
+    0x92, 0x83, 0xac, 0x89, 0x05, 0x0c, 0x79, 0x67,
+    0x90, 0xb6, 0xa1, 0xf3, 0x2f, 0xca, 0xf0, 0x15,
+    0xe0, 0x30, 0x58, 0xe9, 0x4f, 0xcb, 0x4c, 0x56,
+    0x56, 0x56, 0x14, 0x3f, 0x1b, 0x79, 0xb6, 0xef,
+    0x57, 0x4b, 0x28, 0xbd, 0xb0, 0xe6, 0x0c, 0x49,
+    0x4b, 0xbe, 0xe1, 0x57, 0x28, 0x2a, 0x23, 0x5e,
+    0xc4, 0xa2, 0x19, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x67, 0x78, 0xd9,
+    0x26, 0x6e, 0x17, 0x25, 0xce, 0xe4, 0xfd, 0xde,
+    0x86, 0xa8, 0x5a, 0x67, 0x47, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x09,
+    0xe1, 0xec, 0x8e, 0x62, 0x98, 0x91, 0x6f, 0xc0,
+    0x98, 0x0c, 0x70, 0x0e, 0x7d, 0xbe, 0x63, 0xbd,
+    0x12, 0x5a, 0x98, 0x1c, 0xe3, 0x0c, 0xfb, 0xc7,
+    0xfb, 0x1b, 0xbd, 0x02, 0x87, 0xcc, 0x0c, 0xbb,
+    0xc2, 0xd4, 0xb6, 0xc1, 0xa1, 0x23, 0xd3, 0x1e,
+    0x21, 0x6f, 0x48, 0xba, 0x0e, 0x2e, 0xc7, 0x42
+};
+
+static const uint8_t rsa4096_priv_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x09, 0x29, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
+    0x82, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0xcc, 0x30, 0xc6, 0x90,
+    0x49, 0x2b, 0x86, 0xe7, 0x7a, 0xa5, 0x7a, 0x9a,
+    0x4f, 0xee, 0x0e, 0xa1, 0x5c, 0x43, 0x64, 0xd0,
+    0x76, 0xe1, 0xfd, 0x0b, 0xfd, 0x43, 0x7a, 0x65,
+    0xe6, 0x20, 0xbd, 0xf2, 0x0e, 0xbe, 0x76, 0x54,
+    0xae, 0x37, 0xbe, 0xa0, 0x02, 0x96, 0xae, 0x8d,
+    0x8a, 0xae, 0x3b, 0x88, 0xbb, 0x67, 0xce, 0x7c,
+    0x20, 0xbf, 0x14, 0xc3, 0x71, 0x51, 0x87, 0x03,
+    0x34, 0xaa, 0x3c, 0x09, 0xff, 0xe9, 0xeb, 0xb7,
+    0x85, 0x5c, 0xbb, 0x8d, 0xce, 0x8e, 0x3f, 0xd1,
+    0x16, 0x30, 0x00, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x25, 0x8d, 0xef,
+    0x71, 0xd9, 0xea, 0x6b, 0x45, 0x53, 0x49, 0xc3,
+    0x09, 0x4f, 0xb0, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x89, 0x76, 0x59,
+    0x31, 0xa5, 0xf1, 0x5c, 0x42, 0x54, 0x57, 0x70,
+    0x57, 0xad, 0xd8, 0xeb, 0x89, 0xa6, 0x87, 0xa2,
+    0x6c, 0x95, 0x58, 0x8f, 0xb6, 0x82, 0xc7, 0xde,
+    0xc2, 0x3a, 0xdc, 0x5b, 0xe8, 0x02, 0xcc, 0x26,
+    0x4b, 0x01, 0xaa, 0xe6, 0xf3, 0x66, 0x4d, 0x90,
+    0x85, 0xde, 0xf4, 0x5d, 0x80, 0x98, 0xc6, 0x65,
+    0xcf, 0x44, 0x4c, 0xde, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0xfc, 0xda,
+    0x0a, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x26, 0xa3, 0xcb, 0x9d, 0xe4,
+    0x8d, 0xab, 0x2c, 0x04, 0xfd, 0xaa, 0xfc, 0x3b,
+    0xac, 0x4e, 0x56, 0xb8, 0x4c, 0x9f, 0x22, 0x49,
+    0xcb, 0x76, 0x45, 0x24, 0x36, 0x2d, 0xbb, 0xe6,
+    0x7e, 0xa9, 0x93, 0x13, 0x96, 0x1e, 0xfc, 0x4b,
+    0x75, 0xd4, 0x54, 0xc8, 0x8c, 0x55, 0xe6, 0x3f,
+    0x09, 0x5a, 0x03, 0x74, 0x7c, 0x8a, 0xc8, 0xe7,
+    0x49, 0x0b, 0x86, 0x7c, 0x97, 0xa0, 0xf2, 0x0d,
+    0xf1, 0x5c, 0x0e, 0x7a, 0xc0, 0x3f, 0x78, 0x2d,
+    0x9b, 0xe2, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x89, 0x49, 0x0c, 0xad,
+    0x79, 0xa6, 0x82, 0x98, 0xa6, 0xb7, 0x74, 0xb4,
+    0x45, 0xc8, 0xed, 0xea, 0x81, 0xcd, 0xf0, 0x3b,
+    0x8e, 0x24, 0xfb, 0x0c, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x14, 0xb9,
+    0xb4, 0x3b, 0x69, 0xd9, 0xf2, 0x42, 0x6e, 0x7f,
+    0x6f, 0x5e, 0xb1, 0x52, 0x5b, 0xaa, 0xef, 0xae,
+    0x1e, 0x34, 0xca, 0xed, 0x0a, 0x8d, 0x56, 0xd6,
+    0xdd, 0xd4, 0x2c, 0x54, 0x7a, 0x57, 0xca, 0x7e,
+    0x4a, 0x11, 0xde, 0x48, 0xdf, 0x2b, 0x09, 0x97,
+    0x39, 0x24, 0xce, 0x45, 0xe0, 0x75, 0xb1, 0x19,
+    0x42, 0xdb, 0x63, 0x40, 0x9b, 0xb9, 0x95, 0x96,
+    0x78, 0x91, 0xd5, 0x19, 0x12, 0xab, 0xef, 0x55,
+    0x6f, 0x0d, 0x65, 0xc0, 0x8f, 0x62, 0x99, 0x78,
+    0xc0, 0xe0, 0xe1, 0x33, 0xc7, 0x68, 0xff, 0x29,
+    0x66, 0x22, 0x3a, 0x6f, 0xa0, 0xf8, 0x5c, 0x68,
+    0x9b, 0xa9, 0x05, 0xad, 0x6b, 0x1d, 0xae, 0xc1,
+    0x30, 0xbb, 0xfe, 0xb7, 0x31, 0x85, 0x0d, 0xd1,
+    0xd5, 0xfc, 0x43, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0x61, 0x6f, 0xc4,
+    0x75, 0xed, 0x76, 0x9d, 0x13, 0xb3, 0x61, 0x57,
+    0xc8, 0x33, 0x0d, 0x77, 0x84, 0xf0, 0xc7, 0x62,
+    0xb9, 0x9e, 0xd5, 0x01, 0xfa, 0x87, 0x4a, 0xf5,
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+    0xc5, 0x6d, 0x25, 0x88, 0xba, 0x59, 0xf6, 0xd1,
+    0xdb, 0x94, 0x2f, 0x0b, 0x65, 0x2c, 0xad, 0x54,
+    0xe0, 0x2b, 0xe6, 0xa3, 0x49, 0xa2, 0xb3, 0xca,
+    0xd7, 0xec, 0x27, 0x32, 0xbb, 0xa4, 0x16, 0x90,
+    0xbb, 0x67, 0xad, 0x1b, 0xb9, 0x0f, 0x78, 0xcb,
+    0xad, 0x5c, 0xc3, 0x66, 0xd6, 0xbb, 0x97, 0x28,
+    0x01, 0x31, 0xf9, 0x0f, 0x71, 0x2a, 0xb9, 0x5b,
+    0xea, 0x34, 0x49, 0x9c, 0x6b, 0x13, 0x40, 0x65,
+    0xbd, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x14, 0xf9, 0x33, 0x47, 0xe8,
+    0x9f, 0x64, 0x0e, 0x24, 0xf6, 0xbb, 0x90, 0x23,
+    0x66, 0x01, 0xa6, 0xa4, 0xa9, 0x7f, 0x64, 0x51,
+    0xa3, 0x8a, 0x73, 0xc1, 0x80, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x49,
+    0x75, 0x5d, 0x56, 0x1c, 0xaa, 0x3f, 0x64, 0xa9,
+    0x96, 0xfd, 0xb0, 0x90, 0xc5, 0xe0, 0x3d, 0x36,
+    0x05, 0xad, 0xad, 0x84, 0x93, 0x84, 0xab, 0x1b,
+    0x34, 0x57, 0x39, 0xae, 0x0e, 0x80, 0x0f, 0x4a,
+    0x9b, 0x32, 0x56, 0xbd, 0x30, 0xeb, 0xd1, 0xc8,
+    0xc4, 0x9f, 0x9c, 0x07, 0xb6, 0x05, 0xb1, 0x21,
+    0x7f, 0x69, 0x92, 0x9f, 0xb7, 0x68, 0xe7, 0xde,
+    0xb7, 0xbc, 0xb4, 0x89, 0x5b, 0x1c, 0x1b, 0x48,
+    0xd1, 0x44, 0x6e, 0xd7, 0x6b, 0xe2, 0xa1, 0xf4,
+    0xbf, 0x17, 0xb4, 0x43, 0x70, 0x26, 0xd4, 0xb9,
+    0xf5, 0x19, 0x09, 0x08, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0x49, 0x7d,
+    0x2f, 0xdc, 0xe8, 0x75, 0x79, 0xa1, 0xc1, 0x70,
+    0x1b, 0x60, 0x97, 0xaf, 0x0c, 0x56, 0x68, 0xac,
+    0x0e, 0x53, 0xbe, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xc3, 0xb1, 0xfb,
+    0xfb, 0xff, 0x73, 0x5b, 0xa7, 0xf6, 0x99, 0x0e,
+    0x14, 0x5a, 0x5f, 0x9d, 0xbd, 0x8e, 0x94, 0xec,
+    0x8b, 0x38, 0x72, 0xbc, 0x8b, 0xca, 0x32, 0xa8,
+    0x39, 0x43, 0xb1, 0x1d, 0x43, 0x29, 0xbe, 0x60,
+    0xdb, 0x91, 0x6c, 0x9c, 0x06,
+};
diff --git a/tests/unit/meson.build b/tests/unit/meson.build
index a8af85128d..80ca622680 100644
--- a/tests/unit/meson.build
+++ b/tests/unit/meson.build
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@  if have_block
     'test-crypto-hash': [crypto],
     'test-crypto-hmac': [crypto],
     'test-crypto-cipher': [crypto],
+    'test-crypto-akcipher': [crypto],
     'test-crypto-secret': [crypto, keyutils],
     'test-authz-simple': [authz],
     'test-authz-list': [authz],
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c b/tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5be563884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test-crypto-akcipher.c
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@ 
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto cipher algorithms
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Bytedance
+ * Author: lei he <helei.sig11@bytedance.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+
+#include "crypto/init.h"
+#include "crypto/akcipher.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+
+static const uint8_t rsa1024_private_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
+    0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x4d, 0x76, 0x4f, 0xb2,
+    0x97, 0x09, 0xad, 0x9d, 0x17, 0x33, 0xf2, 0x30,
+    0x42, 0x83, 0xa9, 0xcb, 0x49, 0xa4, 0x2e, 0x59,
+    0x5e, 0x75, 0x51, 0xd1, 0xac, 0xc8, 0x86, 0x3e,
+    0xdb, 0x72, 0x2e, 0xb2, 0xf7, 0xc3, 0x5b, 0xc7,
+    0xea, 0xed, 0x30, 0xd1, 0xf7, 0x37, 0xee, 0x9d,
+    0x36, 0x59, 0x6f, 0xf8, 0xce, 0xc0, 0x5c, 0x82,
+    0x80, 0x37, 0x83, 0xd7, 0x45, 0x6a, 0xe9, 0xea,
+    0xc5, 0x3a, 0x59, 0x6b, 0x34, 0x31, 0x44, 0x00,
+    0x74, 0xa7, 0x29, 0xab, 0x79, 0x4a, 0xbd, 0xe8,
+    0x25, 0x35, 0x01, 0x11, 0x40, 0xbf, 0x31, 0xbd,
+    0xd3, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x1e, 0xd5, 0x5b, 0x2f, 0xe9,
+    0x20, 0xf2, 0x9f, 0x46, 0x35, 0x30, 0xa8, 0xf1,
+    0xfe, 0xef, 0xd8, 0x76, 0x23, 0x46, 0x34, 0x70,
+    0xa1, 0xce, 0xc6, 0x65, 0x6d, 0xb0, 0x94, 0x7e,
+    0xe5, 0x92, 0x45, 0x7b, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0x95, 0x97,
+    0x77, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+    0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x30, 0x6a, 0xc4, 0x9e, 0xc8,
+    0xba, 0xfc, 0x2b, 0xe5, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0x04, 0xfb,
+    0xa4, 0x60, 0x2d, 0xc8, 0x31, 0x39, 0x35, 0x0d,
+    0x50, 0xd0, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x11, 0x68, 0x2e, 0xe0,
+    0xf4, 0x1d, 0xb3, 0x37, 0xa8, 0xe3, 0x07, 0x5e,
+    0xa6, 0x43, 0x2b, 0x6a, 0x59, 0x01, 0x07, 0x47,
+    0x41, 0xef, 0xd7, 0x9c, 0x85, 0x4a, 0xe7, 0xa7,
+    0xff, 0xf0, 0xab, 0xe5, 0x0c, 0x11, 0x08, 0x10,
+    0x75, 0x5a, 0x68, 0xa0, 0x08, 0x03, 0xc9, 0x40,
+    0x79, 0x67, 0x1d, 0x65, 0x89, 0x2d, 0x08, 0xf9,
+    0xb5, 0x1b, 0x7d, 0xd2, 0x41, 0x3b, 0x33, 0xf2,
+    0x47, 0x2f, 0x9c, 0x0b, 0xd5, 0xaf, 0xcb, 0xdb,
+    0xbb, 0x37, 0x63, 0x03, 0xf8, 0xe7, 0x2e, 0xc7,
+    0x3c, 0x86, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0x70, 0x6a,
+    0x4d, 0x7c, 0xe4, 0x1b, 0x3a, 0xa9, 0xae, 0xd7,
+    0xce, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xc2, 0x73, 0x5e, 0x58, 0x63,
+    0xd5, 0x86, 0x41, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00, 0xf6, 0x56,
+    0x69, 0xec, 0xef, 0x65, 0x95, 0xdc, 0x25, 0x47,
+    0xe0, 0x6f, 0xb0, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x77, 0x0a, 0x5e,
+    0x46, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0x0b, 0x71, 0x51, 0x2a, 0xa4,
+    0x65, 0x29, 0x18, 0xc6, 0x30, 0xa0, 0x95, 0x4c,
+    0x4b, 0xbe, 0x8c, 0x40, 0xe3, 0x9c, 0x23, 0x02,
+    0x14, 0x43, 0xe9, 0x64, 0xea, 0xe3, 0xa8, 0xe2,
+    0x1a, 0xd5, 0xf9, 0x5c, 0xe0, 0x36, 0x2c, 0x97,
+    0xda, 0xd5, 0xc7, 0x46, 0xce, 0x11, 0x02, 0x41,
+    0x00, 0xef, 0x56, 0x08, 0xb8, 0x29, 0xa5, 0xa6,
+    0x7c, 0xf7, 0x5f, 0xb4, 0xf5, 0x63, 0xe7, 0xeb,
+    0x45, 0xfd, 0x89, 0xaa, 0x94, 0xa6, 0x3d, 0x0b,
+    0xd9, 0x04, 0x6f, 0x78, 0xe0, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0xd4,
+    0x29, 0x83, 0x17, 0x95, 0x6f, 0x50, 0x3d, 0x40,
+    0x5d, 0xe5, 0x24, 0xda, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x50, 0x86,
+    0xa8, 0x34, 0xc8, 0x6f, 0xec, 0x7f, 0xb6, 0x45,
+    0x3a, 0xdd, 0x78, 0x9b, 0xee, 0xa1, 0xe4, 0x09,
+    0xa3, 0x02, 0x40, 0x5c, 0xd6, 0x66, 0x67, 0x58,
+    0x35, 0xc5, 0xcb, 0xc8, 0xf5, 0x14, 0xbd, 0xa3,
+    0x09, 0xe0, 0xb2, 0x1f, 0x63, 0x36, 0x75, 0x34,
+    0x52, 0xea, 0xaa, 0xf7, 0x52, 0x2b, 0x99, 0xd8,
+    0x6f, 0x61, 0x06, 0x34, 0x1e, 0x23, 0xf1, 0xb5,
+    0x34, 0x03, 0x53, 0xe5, 0xd1, 0xb3, 0xc7, 0x80,
+    0x5f, 0x7b, 0x32, 0xbf, 0x84, 0x2f, 0x2e, 0xf3,
+    0x22, 0xb0, 0x91, 0x5a, 0x2f, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x4a,
+    0x9a, 0x01, 0xb1, 0x02, 0x40, 0x34, 0x0b, 0x26,
+    0x4c, 0x3d, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0xc0, 0xe3, 0xdd, 0xe8,
+    0xf0, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0xe0, 0x06, 0x51, 0x32, 0x9d,
+    0x68, 0x43, 0x99, 0xe4, 0xb8, 0xa5, 0x31, 0x44,
+    0x3c, 0xc2, 0x30, 0x8f, 0x28, 0x13, 0xbc, 0x8e,
+    0x1f, 0x2d, 0x78, 0x94, 0x45, 0x96, 0xad, 0x63,
+    0xf0, 0x71, 0x53, 0x72, 0x64, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0xae,
+    0xa0, 0xe3, 0xc8, 0x93, 0xd7, 0x50, 0x0f, 0x89,
+    0x00, 0xe4, 0x2d, 0x3d, 0x37, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00,
+    0xbe, 0xa6, 0x08, 0xe0, 0xc8, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x47,
+    0xcb, 0xd5, 0xec, 0x93, 0xd3, 0xaa, 0x12, 0x82,
+    0xaf, 0xac, 0x51, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0xa7, 0x93, 0x4b,
+    0xb9, 0xab, 0x00, 0xfa, 0x5a, 0xea, 0x34, 0xe4,
+    0x80, 0xf1, 0x44, 0x6a, 0x65, 0xe4, 0x33, 0x99,
+    0xfb, 0x54, 0xd7, 0x89, 0x5a, 0x1b, 0xd6, 0x2b,
+    0xcc, 0x6e, 0x4b, 0x19, 0xa0, 0x6d, 0x93, 0x9f,
+    0xc3, 0x91, 0x7a, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0x59, 0x0e, 0x9e,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t rsa1024_public_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x81, 0x89, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe6,
+    0x4d, 0x76, 0x4f, 0xb2, 0x97, 0x09, 0xad, 0x9d,
+    0x17, 0x33, 0xf2, 0x30, 0x42, 0x83, 0xa9, 0xcb,
+    0x49, 0xa4, 0x2e, 0x59, 0x5e, 0x75, 0x51, 0xd1,
+    0xac, 0xc8, 0x86, 0x3e, 0xdb, 0x72, 0x2e, 0xb2,
+    0xf7, 0xc3, 0x5b, 0xc7, 0xea, 0xed, 0x30, 0xd1,
+    0xf7, 0x37, 0xee, 0x9d, 0x36, 0x59, 0x6f, 0xf8,
+    0xce, 0xc0, 0x5c, 0x82, 0x80, 0x37, 0x83, 0xd7,
+    0x45, 0x6a, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xc5, 0x3a, 0x59, 0x6b,
+    0x34, 0x31, 0x44, 0x00, 0x74, 0xa7, 0x29, 0xab,
+    0x79, 0x4a, 0xbd, 0xe8, 0x25, 0x35, 0x01, 0x11,
+    0x40, 0xbf, 0x31, 0xbd, 0xd3, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x1e,
+    0xd5, 0x5b, 0x2f, 0xe9, 0x20, 0xf2, 0x9f, 0x46,
+    0x35, 0x30, 0xa8, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0xef, 0xd8, 0x76,
+    0x23, 0x46, 0x34, 0x70, 0xa1, 0xce, 0xc6, 0x65,
+    0x6d, 0xb0, 0x94, 0x7e, 0xe5, 0x92, 0x45, 0x7b,
+    0xaa, 0xbb, 0x95, 0x97, 0x77, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x02,
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t rsa2048_private_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
+    0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xbd, 0x9c, 0x83, 0x6b,
+    0x0e, 0x8e, 0xcf, 0xfa, 0xaa, 0x4f, 0x6a, 0xf4,
+    0xe3, 0x52, 0x0f, 0xa5, 0xd0, 0xbe, 0x5e, 0x7f,
+    0x08, 0x24, 0xba, 0x87, 0x46, 0xfb, 0x28, 0x93,
+    0xe5, 0xe5, 0x81, 0x42, 0xc0, 0xf9, 0x17, 0xc7,
+    0x81, 0x01, 0xf4, 0x18, 0x6a, 0x17, 0xf5, 0x57,
+    0x20, 0x37, 0xcf, 0xf9, 0x74, 0x5e, 0xe1, 0x48,
+    0x6a, 0x71, 0x0a, 0x0f, 0x79, 0x72, 0x2b, 0x46,
+    0x10, 0x53, 0xdc, 0x14, 0x43, 0xbd, 0xbc, 0x6d,
+    0x15, 0x6f, 0x15, 0x4e, 0xf0, 0x0d, 0x89, 0x39,
+    0x02, 0xc3, 0x68, 0x5c, 0xa8, 0xfc, 0xed, 0x64,
+    0x9d, 0x98, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0x83, 0x66, 0x93, 0xc3,
+    0xd9, 0x57, 0xa0, 0x21, 0x93, 0xad, 0x5c, 0x75,
+    0x69, 0x88, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xdc, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0xd5,
+    0xbd, 0x1c, 0xc1, 0x30, 0x56, 0xa5, 0xda, 0x99,
+    0x46, 0xa6, 0x6d, 0x0e, 0x6f, 0x5e, 0x51, 0x34,
+    0x49, 0x73, 0xc3, 0x67, 0x49, 0x7e, 0x21, 0x2a,
+    0x20, 0xa7, 0x2b, 0x92, 0x73, 0x1d, 0xa5, 0x25,
+    0x2a, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x89, 0x75, 0xb2, 0xbb, 0x19,
+    0x37, 0x78, 0x48, 0xd2, 0xf2, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x9e,
+    0xc6, 0x26, 0xca, 0x46, 0x8c, 0xf1, 0x42, 0x2a,
+    0x31, 0xb2, 0xfc, 0xe7, 0x55, 0x51, 0xff, 0x07,
+    0x13, 0x5b, 0x36, 0x59, 0x2b, 0x43, 0x30, 0x4b,
+    0x05, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x45, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0x7c, 0x17,
+    0x5b, 0x07, 0xbb, 0x5d, 0x83, 0x80, 0x92, 0x6d,
+    0x87, 0x1a, 0x43, 0xac, 0xc7, 0x6b, 0x8d, 0x11,
+    0x60, 0x27, 0xd2, 0xdf, 0xdb, 0x71, 0x02, 0x55,
+    0x6e, 0xb5, 0xca, 0x4d, 0xda, 0x59, 0x0d, 0xb8,
+    0x8c, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x0e, 0x55, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x8d,
+    0xa0, 0x14, 0x10, 0x48, 0x42, 0x35, 0x56, 0x08,
+    0xf7, 0x29, 0x5f, 0xa2, 0xea, 0xa4, 0x5e, 0x8e,
+    0x99, 0x56, 0xaa, 0x5a, 0x8c, 0x23, 0x8f, 0x35,
+    0x22, 0x8a, 0xff, 0xed, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x4a, 0xf3,
+    0x44, 0xe0, 0x64, 0xfd, 0xe1, 0xde, 0x33, 0x1e,
+    0xd1, 0xf1, 0x8f, 0x6f, 0xe0, 0xa2, 0xfa, 0x08,
+    0x60, 0xe1, 0xc6, 0xf0, 0xb2, 0x6d, 0x0f, 0xc6,
+    0x28, 0x93, 0xb4, 0x19, 0x94, 0xab, 0xc3, 0xef,
+    0x1a, 0xb4, 0xdd, 0x4e, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x24, 0x8c,
+    0x6c, 0xa6, 0x64, 0x05, 0x5f, 0x56, 0xba, 0xda,
+    0xc1, 0x21, 0x1a, 0x7d, 0xf1, 0xf7, 0xce, 0xb9,
+    0xa9, 0x9b, 0x92, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x95, 0x20, 0x22,
+    0x4e, 0xd4, 0x9b, 0xe2, 0xab, 0x8e, 0x99, 0xb8,
+    0x40, 0xaf, 0x30, 0x6a, 0xc6, 0x60, 0x0c, 0xd8,
+    0x25, 0x44, 0xa1, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0x73, 0x77, 0x86,
+    0xaa, 0x46, 0xf3, 0x54, 0xae, 0xa8, 0xa0, 0xdb,
+    0xdd, 0xab, 0x6e, 0xfb, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0x14, 0xaf,
+    0x08, 0x13, 0xa7, 0x6c, 0xe9, 0xfd, 0xcd, 0x4c,
+    0x1f, 0x20, 0x3a, 0x16, 0x2b, 0xf0, 0xb6, 0x7c,
+    0x47, 0x5f, 0xd1, 0x0a, 0x2c, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0x68,
+    0xd0, 0x43, 0x75, 0x6b, 0x65, 0xaa, 0x32, 0xc6,
+    0x99, 0x06, 0xcb, 0x8f, 0xe6, 0x8d, 0xce, 0xbf,
+    0x4d, 0x0d, 0x7b, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x8a, 0xcb, 0x7d,
+    0x7f, 0x16, 0x48, 0x85, 0xf1, 0x86, 0xcb, 0x54,
+    0xb9, 0x39, 0xd4, 0xbc, 0xe3, 0x2d, 0x27, 0x59,
+    0xf6, 0x81, 0x5e, 0x94, 0x45, 0xdf, 0xb9, 0x22,
+    0xaf, 0x64, 0x0d, 0x14, 0xec, 0x8c, 0xeb, 0x71,
+    0xac, 0xee, 0x09, 0x4c, 0xbf, 0x34, 0xf9, 0xf4,
+    0x66, 0x77, 0x36, 0x3b, 0x41, 0x74, 0x01, 0x4f,
+    0xfc, 0x56, 0x83, 0xba, 0x14, 0xb0, 0x2f, 0xdd,
+    0x4d, 0xb9, 0x3f, 0xdf, 0x71, 0xbe, 0x7b, 0xba,
+    0x66, 0xc8, 0xc5, 0x42, 0xc9, 0xba, 0x18, 0x63,
+    0x45, 0x07, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x3e, 0xc3, 0xfb, 0x47,
+    0xda, 0xd4, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x9d, 0x96, 0xc0, 0xea,
+    0xee, 0x45, 0x2f, 0xe1, 0x62, 0x23, 0xee, 0xef,
+    0x3d, 0x5e, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81,
+    0x00, 0xeb, 0x76, 0x88, 0xd3, 0xae, 0x3f, 0x1d,
+    0xf2, 0x49, 0xe0, 0x37, 0x49, 0x83, 0x82, 0x6c,
+    0xf7, 0xf1, 0x17, 0x30, 0x75, 0x2e, 0x89, 0x06,
+    0x88, 0x56, 0x32, 0xf6, 0xfa, 0x58, 0xcb, 0x3c,
+    0x98, 0x67, 0xc3, 0xde, 0x10, 0x82, 0xe5, 0xfa,
+    0xfa, 0x52, 0x47, 0x8d, 0xd7, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xcb,
+    0xf7, 0xf6, 0x57, 0x9b, 0x6e, 0x0c, 0xac, 0xe8,
+    0x3b, 0xd1, 0xde, 0xb5, 0x34, 0xaf, 0x8b, 0x2a,
+    0xb0, 0x2d, 0x01, 0xeb, 0x7c, 0xa0, 0x42, 0x26,
+    0xbb, 0x2b, 0x43, 0x0e, 0x1d, 0xe2, 0x4e, 0xc9,
+    0xc1, 0x0a, 0x67, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0x83, 0x25, 0xce,
+    0xb2, 0x18, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x70, 0xf5, 0xa3, 0x5a,
+    0x9c, 0x99, 0xdd, 0x47, 0xa1, 0x57, 0xe7, 0x20,
+    0xde, 0xa1, 0x29, 0x8d, 0x96, 0x62, 0xf9, 0x26,
+    0x95, 0x51, 0xa6, 0xe7, 0x09, 0x8b, 0xba, 0x16,
+    0x8b, 0x19, 0x5b, 0xf9, 0x27, 0x0d, 0xc5, 0xd6,
+    0x5f, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xce, 0x26, 0x31,
+    0xb5, 0x43, 0x53, 0x95, 0x39, 0xdd, 0x01, 0x98,
+    0x8b, 0x3d, 0x27, 0xeb, 0x0b, 0x87, 0x1c, 0x95,
+    0xfc, 0x3e, 0x36, 0x51, 0x31, 0xb5, 0xea, 0x59,
+    0x56, 0xc0, 0x97, 0x62, 0xf0, 0x63, 0x2b, 0xb6,
+    0x30, 0x9b, 0xdf, 0x19, 0x10, 0xe9, 0xa0, 0x3d,
+    0xea, 0x54, 0x5a, 0xe6, 0xc6, 0x9e, 0x7e, 0xb5,
+    0xf0, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xef, 0xc3, 0xe1, 0x47, 0xa6,
+    0x95, 0xc7, 0xe4, 0xa3, 0x4a, 0x30, 0x68, 0x24,
+    0x98, 0x7d, 0xc1, 0x34, 0xa9, 0xcb, 0xbc, 0x3c,
+    0x08, 0x9c, 0x7d, 0x0c, 0xa2, 0xb7, 0x60, 0xaa,
+    0x38, 0x08, 0x16, 0xa6, 0x7f, 0xdb, 0xd2, 0xb1,
+    0x67, 0xe7, 0x93, 0x8e, 0xbb, 0x7e, 0xb9, 0xb5,
+    0xd0, 0xd0, 0x9f, 0x7b, 0xcc, 0x46, 0xe6, 0x74,
+    0x78, 0x1a, 0x96, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0x74, 0x34, 0x54,
+    0x3b, 0x54, 0x55, 0x7f, 0x89, 0x81, 0xbc, 0x40,
+    0x55, 0x87, 0x24, 0x95, 0x33, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81,
+    0x00, 0xb0, 0x18, 0x5d, 0x2a, 0x1a, 0x95, 0x9f,
+    0x9a, 0xd5, 0x3f, 0x37, 0x79, 0xe6, 0x3d, 0x83,
+    0xab, 0x46, 0x86, 0x36, 0x3a, 0x5d, 0x0c, 0x23,
+    0x73, 0x91, 0x2b, 0xda, 0x63, 0xce, 0x46, 0x68,
+    0xd1, 0xfe, 0x40, 0x90, 0xf2, 0x3e, 0x43, 0x2b,
+    0x19, 0x4c, 0xb1, 0xb0, 0xd5, 0x8c, 0x02, 0x21,
+    0x07, 0x18, 0x17, 0xda, 0xe9, 0x49, 0xd7, 0x82,
+    0x73, 0x42, 0x78, 0xd1, 0x82, 0x4e, 0x8a, 0xc0,
+    0xe9, 0x33, 0x2f, 0xcd, 0x62, 0xce, 0x23, 0xca,
+    0xfd, 0x8d, 0xd4, 0x3f, 0x59, 0x80, 0x27, 0xb6,
+    0x61, 0x85, 0x9b, 0x2a, 0xe4, 0xef, 0x5c, 0x36,
+    0x22, 0x21, 0xcd, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x41, 0x77, 0xe2,
+    0xcb, 0x5d, 0x93, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x10, 0x52, 0x8d,
+    0xd5, 0x92, 0x28, 0x16, 0x78, 0xd3, 0x1a, 0x4c,
+    0x8d, 0xbd, 0x9c, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0x9c, 0x91, 0x16,
+    0x4c, 0xff, 0x31, 0x36, 0xbb, 0xcb, 0x64, 0x1a,
+    0xf7, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x32, 0x65, 0x09, 0xdf,
+    0xca, 0xee, 0xa2, 0xdb, 0x3b, 0x58, 0xc9, 0x86,
+    0xb8, 0x53, 0x8a, 0xd5, 0x0d, 0x99, 0x82, 0x5c,
+    0xe0, 0x84, 0x7c, 0xc2, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0xd3, 0xce,
+    0x2e, 0x54, 0x93, 0xbe, 0x3a, 0x30, 0x14, 0x60,
+    0xbb, 0xaa, 0x05, 0x41, 0xaa, 0x2b, 0x1f, 0x17,
+    0xaa, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x12, 0xf9, 0xe9, 0xf5, 0xe6,
+    0x39, 0xe4, 0xf9, 0x9c, 0x03, 0xf5, 0x75, 0x16,
+    0xc6, 0x7f, 0xf1, 0x1f, 0x10, 0xc8, 0x54, 0xb1,
+    0xe6, 0x84, 0x15, 0xb0, 0xb0, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0x9e,
+    0x8c, 0x4a, 0xd1, 0x8c, 0xf1, 0x91, 0x32, 0xeb,
+    0x71, 0xa6, 0xbf, 0xdb, 0x1f, 0xcc, 0xd8, 0xcb,
+    0x92, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xaf, 0x89, 0x22, 0x32, 0xfd,
+    0x32, 0x12, 0xda, 0xbb, 0xac, 0x55, 0x68, 0x01,
+    0x78, 0x56, 0x89, 0x7c, 0xb0, 0x0e, 0x9e, 0xcc,
+    0xc6, 0x28, 0x04, 0x7e, 0x83, 0xf5, 0x96, 0x30,
+    0x92, 0x51, 0xf2, 0x1b, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00,
+    0x83, 0x6d, 0xd1, 0x98, 0x90, 0x41, 0x8c, 0xa7,
+    0x92, 0x83, 0xac, 0x89, 0x05, 0x0c, 0x79, 0x67,
+    0x90, 0xb6, 0xa1, 0xf3, 0x2f, 0xca, 0xf0, 0x15,
+    0xe0, 0x30, 0x58, 0xe9, 0x4f, 0xcb, 0x4c, 0x56,
+    0x56, 0x56, 0x14, 0x3f, 0x1b, 0x79, 0xb6, 0xef,
+    0x57, 0x4b, 0x28, 0xbd, 0xb0, 0xe6, 0x0c, 0x49,
+    0x4b, 0xbe, 0xe1, 0x57, 0x28, 0x2a, 0x23, 0x5e,
+    0xc4, 0xa2, 0x19, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x67, 0x78, 0xd9,
+    0x26, 0x6e, 0x17, 0x25, 0xce, 0xe4, 0xfd, 0xde,
+    0x86, 0xa8, 0x5a, 0x67, 0x47, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x09,
+    0xe1, 0xec, 0x8e, 0x62, 0x98, 0x91, 0x6f, 0xc0,
+    0x98, 0x0c, 0x70, 0x0e, 0x7d, 0xbe, 0x63, 0xbd,
+    0x12, 0x5a, 0x98, 0x1c, 0xe3, 0x0c, 0xfb, 0xc7,
+    0xfb, 0x1b, 0xbd, 0x02, 0x87, 0xcc, 0x0c, 0xbb,
+    0xc2, 0xd4, 0xb6, 0xc1, 0xa1, 0x23, 0xd3, 0x1e,
+    0x21, 0x6f, 0x48, 0xba, 0x0e, 0x2e, 0xc7, 0x42
+};
+
+static const uint8_t rsa2048_public_key[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01,
+    0x00, 0xbd, 0x9c, 0x83, 0x6b, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0xcf,
+    0xfa, 0xaa, 0x4f, 0x6a, 0xf4, 0xe3, 0x52, 0x0f,
+    0xa5, 0xd0, 0xbe, 0x5e, 0x7f, 0x08, 0x24, 0xba,
+    0x87, 0x46, 0xfb, 0x28, 0x93, 0xe5, 0xe5, 0x81,
+    0x42, 0xc0, 0xf9, 0x17, 0xc7, 0x81, 0x01, 0xf4,
+    0x18, 0x6a, 0x17, 0xf5, 0x57, 0x20, 0x37, 0xcf,
+    0xf9, 0x74, 0x5e, 0xe1, 0x48, 0x6a, 0x71, 0x0a,
+    0x0f, 0x79, 0x72, 0x2b, 0x46, 0x10, 0x53, 0xdc,
+    0x14, 0x43, 0xbd, 0xbc, 0x6d, 0x15, 0x6f, 0x15,
+    0x4e, 0xf0, 0x0d, 0x89, 0x39, 0x02, 0xc3, 0x68,
+    0x5c, 0xa8, 0xfc, 0xed, 0x64, 0x9d, 0x98, 0xb7,
+    0xcd, 0x83, 0x66, 0x93, 0xc3, 0xd9, 0x57, 0xa0,
+    0x21, 0x93, 0xad, 0x5c, 0x75, 0x69, 0x88, 0x9e,
+    0x81, 0xdc, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0xd5, 0xbd, 0x1c, 0xc1,
+    0x30, 0x56, 0xa5, 0xda, 0x99, 0x46, 0xa6, 0x6d,
+    0x0e, 0x6f, 0x5e, 0x51, 0x34, 0x49, 0x73, 0xc3,
+    0x67, 0x49, 0x7e, 0x21, 0x2a, 0x20, 0xa7, 0x2b,
+    0x92, 0x73, 0x1d, 0xa5, 0x25, 0x2a, 0xd0, 0x3a,
+    0x89, 0x75, 0xb2, 0xbb, 0x19, 0x37, 0x78, 0x48,
+    0xd2, 0xf2, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x9e, 0xc6, 0x26, 0xca,
+    0x46, 0x8c, 0xf1, 0x42, 0x2a, 0x31, 0xb2, 0xfc,
+    0xe7, 0x55, 0x51, 0xff, 0x07, 0x13, 0x5b, 0x36,
+    0x59, 0x2b, 0x43, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x05, 0x5c, 0xd2,
+    0x45, 0xa0, 0xa0, 0x7c, 0x17, 0x5b, 0x07, 0xbb,
+    0x5d, 0x83, 0x80, 0x92, 0x6d, 0x87, 0x1a, 0x43,
+    0xac, 0xc7, 0x6b, 0x8d, 0x11, 0x60, 0x27, 0xd2,
+    0xdf, 0xdb, 0x71, 0x02, 0x55, 0x6e, 0xb5, 0xca,
+    0x4d, 0xda, 0x59, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0x8c, 0xcd, 0xd3,
+    0x0e, 0x55, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x8d, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x10,
+    0x48, 0x42, 0x35, 0x56, 0x08, 0xf7, 0x29, 0x5f,
+    0xa2, 0xea, 0xa4, 0x5e, 0x8e, 0x99, 0x56, 0xaa,
+    0x5a, 0x8c, 0x23, 0x8f, 0x35, 0x22, 0x8a, 0xff,
+    0xed, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01
+};
+
+static const uint8_t test_sha1_dgst[] = {
+    0x3c, 0x05, 0x19, 0x34, 0x29, 0x19, 0xc7, 0xe0,
+    0x87, 0xb6, 0x24, 0xf9, 0x58, 0xac, 0xa4, 0xd4,
+    0xb2, 0xd9, 0x03, 0x9e,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t exp_signature_rsa2048_pkcs1[] = {
+    0x4e, 0x82, 0x56, 0x4c, 0x84, 0x66, 0xca, 0x1e,
+    0xc6, 0x92, 0x46, 0x20, 0x02, 0x6b, 0x64, 0x46,
+    0x15, 0x6b, 0x24, 0xf2, 0xbb, 0xfa, 0x44, 0x3c,
+    0xaf, 0x42, 0xc8, 0x41, 0xfd, 0xce, 0xed, 0x95,
+    0x34, 0xaf, 0x25, 0x09, 0xd1, 0x06, 0x94, 0xaa,
+    0x52, 0xd4, 0x29, 0xc8, 0x52, 0x34, 0x67, 0x59,
+    0x4f, 0x5a, 0xfd, 0x23, 0x30, 0x5e, 0xc7, 0x1e,
+    0xa6, 0xe0, 0x1b, 0x23, 0xca, 0x82, 0x47, 0x9a,
+    0x2e, 0x2c, 0x66, 0x45, 0x5a, 0x12, 0xa9, 0x15,
+    0xbf, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xfa, 0x8d, 0x60, 0x99, 0x89,
+    0x91, 0x39, 0x06, 0xb7, 0xd3, 0x9a, 0xef, 0x15,
+    0x7b, 0x95, 0x87, 0x77, 0x2c, 0x41, 0xd4, 0x71,
+    0xd5, 0xdf, 0x22, 0x7b, 0x01, 0xe2, 0xc1, 0xfb,
+    0xb9, 0x4e, 0x0c, 0x9b, 0xd5, 0x04, 0xed, 0x2b,
+    0x7e, 0x73, 0x53, 0xaa, 0x33, 0x89, 0x9d, 0x95,
+    0x28, 0x8f, 0x8b, 0x80, 0x34, 0x7a, 0xea, 0xe3,
+    0x66, 0x8a, 0xa8, 0xad, 0xed, 0x91, 0x43, 0xdd,
+    0x77, 0xe5, 0xd7, 0x16, 0xda, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x29,
+    0x3f, 0x9f, 0xe0, 0x1d, 0x42, 0x9d, 0x35, 0x5d,
+    0x0f, 0xf3, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3a, 0x8c, 0x46, 0x13,
+    0x53, 0x3e, 0x3b, 0x38, 0x77, 0xf8, 0x57, 0x61,
+    0xbc, 0xc4, 0x54, 0x68, 0x48, 0xae, 0x58, 0x03,
+    0x33, 0x94, 0x3f, 0x18, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0x3f, 0x79,
+    0xa7, 0x26, 0x92, 0x5d, 0x32, 0x2a, 0xdb, 0xe6,
+    0x3a, 0xe8, 0xd7, 0xaa, 0x91, 0xfe, 0x9f, 0x06,
+    0x26, 0x68, 0x8c, 0x27, 0x31, 0xb0, 0x04, 0x9e,
+    0x94, 0x79, 0x63, 0xa1, 0xc7, 0xe8, 0x5b, 0x8c,
+    0xd3, 0xf1, 0x88, 0x58, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x4e, 0x11,
+    0x00, 0xfe, 0x29, 0xad, 0x2c, 0xa9, 0x8e, 0x63,
+    0xd8, 0x7d, 0xc5, 0xa1, 0x71, 0xfa, 0x08, 0x29,
+    0xea, 0xd6, 0x6c, 0x53, 0x00, 0x52, 0xa0, 0xed,
+    0x6b, 0x7c, 0x67, 0x50, 0x71, 0x2d, 0x96, 0x7a,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t exp_signature_rsa1024_pkcs1[] = {
+    0x6b, 0x5b, 0xbb, 0x3b, 0x1f, 0x08, 0xd8, 0xc0,
+    0x4a, 0xf1, 0x5a, 0x12, 0xc2, 0x39, 0x14, 0x65,
+    0x4f, 0xda, 0x79, 0x67, 0xf2, 0x89, 0x25, 0xad,
+    0x9e, 0x7e, 0xba, 0xa8, 0x34, 0x15, 0x03, 0xdd,
+    0x80, 0x6b, 0x01, 0xd7, 0x4a, 0xf3, 0xd6, 0xef,
+    0x1e, 0x48, 0xf3, 0xbc, 0x75, 0x1a, 0xc4, 0x2c,
+    0x90, 0x15, 0x9f, 0x21, 0x24, 0x98, 0x21, 0xef,
+    0x6d, 0x3b, 0xf3, 0x82, 0x8f, 0x8d, 0xd8, 0x48,
+    0x37, 0x16, 0x19, 0x8e, 0x3c, 0x64, 0xa0, 0x9e,
+    0xf7, 0x0c, 0xd9, 0x5c, 0xc6, 0x13, 0xc4, 0x5f,
+    0xf8, 0xf3, 0x59, 0x5b, 0xd0, 0x33, 0x95, 0x98,
+    0xde, 0x67, 0x25, 0x58, 0x46, 0xba, 0xee, 0x0f,
+    0x47, 0x7a, 0x7f, 0xd0, 0xe4, 0x77, 0x09, 0x17,
+    0xe9, 0x81, 0x6e, 0x2d, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x13, 0x0b,
+    0xc9, 0xb2, 0x0c, 0x2c, 0xb5, 0xdf, 0x52, 0x8f,
+    0xab, 0x0d, 0xc6, 0x59, 0x1d, 0xc7, 0x33, 0x7b,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t test_plaintext[] = {
+    0x00, 0x44, 0xbc, 0x6f, 0x77, 0xfb, 0xe2, 0xa4,
+    0x98, 0x9e, 0xf5, 0x33, 0xa0, 0xbd, 0x81, 0xb9,
+    0xf1, 0x44, 0x7f, 0x79, 0x89, 0x23, 0xe5, 0x46,
+    0x66, 0x9f, 0x98, 0x95, 0x6f, 0x56, 0x78, 0xf6,
+    0xf5, 0xac, 0x9c, 0xda, 0xc2, 0x79, 0x59, 0xf0,
+    0x1b, 0x03, 0xfa, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x07,
+    0xce, 0xad, 0xed, 0x3d, 0x11, 0xf9, 0x1b, 0x26,
+    0x4a, 0x97, 0x28, 0x71, 0x5f, 0x2c, 0x5e, 0x58,
+    0xf0, 0xd6, 0xbf, 0xa4, 0x12, 0xd0, 0x1d, 0x07,
+    0xcb, 0x73, 0x66, 0xb6, 0xa4, 0x09, 0xaf, 0x5d,
+    0xe9, 0x14, 0x14, 0xaf, 0x69, 0xd6, 0xee, 0x0a,
+    0xfc, 0xca, 0xac, 0x94, 0x47, 0xd5, 0x9d, 0x5b,
+    0x2b, 0xfb, 0xce, 0x9d, 0x04, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xa5,
+    0xa1, 0x8d, 0xa9, 0x48, 0xa8, 0x65, 0xe6, 0x9f,
+    0x74, 0x78, 0x16, 0x32, 0x93, 0xb5, 0x21, 0xb9,
+    0x9f, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0xe5, 0xa2, 0x50, 0x8b, 0x12,
+    0xfb, 0x3e, 0xb0, 0x8a, 0x00, 0xc7, 0x20, 0x56,
+    0xb3, 0xb1, 0x29, 0x95, 0x89, 0xd6, 0x50, 0xf5,
+    0x37, 0x38, 0x8e, 0x12, 0xf1, 0xba, 0x82, 0x37,
+    0x34, 0x68, 0x4b, 0xe8, 0xe3, 0x11, 0x1c, 0x46,
+    0xf9, 0x63, 0x3a, 0xd6, 0xf3, 0x3f, 0x55, 0xa6,
+    0xbd, 0x89, 0xf1, 0x2d, 0x38, 0x91, 0x7c, 0xc2,
+    0x4d, 0xf1, 0x69, 0x82, 0x6d, 0x71, 0x77, 0xf4,
+    0xfc, 0x43, 0x20, 0x6f, 0x43, 0xb9, 0x43, 0xd1,
+    0x65, 0xbd, 0xca, 0xb1, 0x43, 0x87, 0xf8, 0xc8,
+    0x76, 0x21, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0x9a, 0xef, 0xc9,
+    0x0e, 0x79, 0xbc, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xc8, 0xe2, 0xbc,
+    0x33, 0x35, 0x3e, 0xfc, 0xf9, 0x44, 0x69, 0x06,
+    0x7c, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0xa2, 0x9e, 0xab, 0xc2, 0x82,
+    0xa0, 0xfb, 0xc5, 0x79, 0x57, 0x8c, 0xf1, 0x1c,
+    0x51, 0x64, 0x4c, 0x56, 0x08, 0x80, 0x32, 0xf4,
+    0x97, 0x8f, 0x6f, 0xb2, 0x16, 0xa6, 0x9d, 0x71,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t exp_ciphertext_rsa1024_raw[] = {
+    0x01, 0xa0, 0xc2, 0x94, 0x9f, 0xd6, 0xbe, 0x8d,
+    0xe9, 0x24, 0xaa, 0x9c, 0x67, 0xd7, 0xe3, 0x04,
+    0x34, 0xbf, 0xd3, 0x27, 0xa1, 0x43, 0xeb, 0x60,
+    0x6b, 0x5b, 0x64, 0x15, 0x55, 0x16, 0x98, 0x35,
+    0xc2, 0x59, 0xa7, 0xf7, 0x24, 0xf7, 0x05, 0xb9,
+    0xe8, 0x56, 0x6f, 0xf2, 0x7d, 0x8b, 0x3c, 0xcb,
+    0xa6, 0xc2, 0xac, 0x0c, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x70, 0x70,
+    0x55, 0x05, 0x07, 0x0d, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x7d, 0x5f,
+    0xae, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x55, 0x05, 0xbb, 0xa8, 0xe7,
+    0xff, 0xa0, 0x8c, 0x5b, 0x6b, 0x01, 0x48, 0x2e,
+    0x4f, 0x7f, 0xe2, 0x74, 0xc6, 0x32, 0xa7, 0x2d,
+    0xdb, 0x91, 0x9b, 0x67, 0x4d, 0x71, 0xf9, 0x8c,
+    0x42, 0x43, 0x75, 0x4e, 0xd0, 0x0e, 0x7c, 0xa0,
+    0x97, 0x1a, 0x5f, 0x8e, 0x6f, 0xe4, 0xfa, 0x16,
+    0x1d, 0x59, 0x0e, 0x0b, 0x11, 0x12, 0xa3, 0x0c,
+    0xa6, 0x55, 0xe6, 0xdb, 0xa7, 0x71, 0xa6, 0xff,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t exp_ciphertext_rsa1024_pkcs1[] = {
+    0x93, 0x78, 0x6a, 0x76, 0xb8, 0x94, 0xea, 0xe4,
+    0x32, 0x79, 0x01, 0x8b, 0xc1, 0xcb, 0x2e, 0x2d,
+    0xfe, 0xdc, 0x9b, 0xe3, 0xe9, 0x23, 0xe4, 0x0a,
+    0xb0, 0x6b, 0x9f, 0x6b, 0x62, 0xf5, 0x3d, 0xf0,
+    0x78, 0x84, 0x77, 0x21, 0xad, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x30,
+    0x94, 0xe2, 0x18, 0xc4, 0x9b, 0x12, 0x06, 0xc8,
+    0xaa, 0xf7, 0x30, 0xe4, 0xc8, 0x64, 0xe7, 0x51,
+    0xf1, 0x6a, 0xe1, 0xa2, 0x58, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x9c,
+    0x8e, 0xf0, 0x2d, 0x25, 0x6b, 0xb7, 0x25, 0x5e,
+    0x05, 0xaf, 0x38, 0xb2, 0x69, 0x5e, 0x6c, 0x75,
+    0x6e, 0x27, 0xba, 0x5d, 0x7d, 0x35, 0x72, 0xb7,
+    0x25, 0xd4, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0x4b, 0x9e, 0x6b, 0x82,
+    0xb2, 0x32, 0xe2, 0x13, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x21, 0x08,
+    0xae, 0x14, 0xbb, 0xc0, 0x40, 0xb7, 0x0d, 0xd5,
+    0x0e, 0x4d, 0x6d, 0x9a, 0x70, 0x86, 0xe9, 0xfc,
+    0x67, 0x2b, 0xa4, 0x11, 0x45, 0xb6, 0xc4, 0x2f,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t exp_ciphertext_rsa2048_raw[] = {
+    0x09, 0x7b, 0x9e, 0x7c, 0x10, 0x1f, 0x73, 0xb4,
+    0x5f, 0xdb, 0x4f, 0x05, 0xe7, 0xfc, 0x9e, 0x35,
+    0x48, 0xd8, 0xc8, 0xf5, 0xac, 0x6d, 0xb4, 0xb0,
+    0xd4, 0xf7, 0x69, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x78, 0xbb, 0x55,
+    0x67, 0x66, 0x66, 0x05, 0xf4, 0x77, 0xe2, 0x30,
+    0xa5, 0x94, 0x10, 0xa3, 0xcb, 0xee, 0x13, 0x9f,
+    0x47, 0x1b, 0x2e, 0xf9, 0xfd, 0x94, 0x09, 0xbd,
+    0x26, 0x6e, 0x84, 0xc7, 0x5c, 0x42, 0x20, 0x76,
+    0x72, 0x83, 0x75, 0x68, 0xa4, 0x18, 0x2d, 0x76,
+    0x62, 0xc3, 0xab, 0xc0, 0xc9, 0x36, 0x59, 0xe0,
+    0xa9, 0x70, 0x1f, 0xff, 0x97, 0x07, 0x0d, 0x88,
+    0xc2, 0xd8, 0x51, 0x35, 0xf7, 0xb0, 0x50, 0xe4,
+    0x9f, 0x3d, 0xd4, 0x71, 0x8b, 0x40, 0x89, 0x71,
+    0x6c, 0xd8, 0xc2, 0x63, 0xb6, 0x3a, 0xce, 0xb1,
+    0x32, 0xf1, 0xc6, 0x11, 0x31, 0x25, 0x48, 0xcf,
+    0xeb, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x9b, 0xc5, 0xbd, 0xd2, 0x57,
+    0x73, 0x9b, 0x20, 0xb8, 0xdf, 0xbe, 0xb8, 0x40,
+    0xb6, 0xac, 0x24, 0xdb, 0x94, 0x6a, 0x93, 0x43,
+    0x4a, 0xa8, 0xa3, 0xcf, 0xd5, 0x61, 0x1b, 0x46,
+    0x1d, 0x6f, 0x57, 0xec, 0xa6, 0xd0, 0x44, 0x05,
+    0x48, 0xb8, 0x90, 0x80, 0x23, 0x8e, 0x5f, 0xb0,
+    0x4b, 0x6f, 0xe3, 0xf9, 0xb0, 0x04, 0x60, 0xae,
+    0x80, 0xcf, 0xa5, 0x5c, 0x11, 0xe4, 0xce, 0x57,
+    0x5b, 0xbb, 0xde, 0x92, 0xfc, 0xe7, 0x3f, 0xe0,
+    0xfc, 0x06, 0xc8, 0xf3, 0x8c, 0xac, 0x86, 0x09,
+    0x31, 0xe5, 0x7e, 0xfb, 0x5d, 0xa7, 0x57, 0xf8,
+    0x1d, 0x23, 0x9d, 0xa3, 0xeb, 0x53, 0x28, 0xde,
+    0xbf, 0x53, 0xef, 0x35, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x1b,
+    0x76, 0x9d, 0x09, 0x25, 0x43, 0xd4, 0x8b, 0xca,
+    0xda, 0x45, 0x5b, 0xdc, 0x9f, 0x57, 0x5a, 0x30,
+    0x2e, 0xe9, 0x73, 0x68, 0x28, 0xfa, 0x40, 0xb0,
+    0x7c, 0x31, 0xd7, 0x8b, 0x4e, 0x99, 0x94, 0xf1,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t exp_ciphertext_rsa2048_pkcs1[] = {
+    0xa5, 0x19, 0x19, 0x34, 0xad, 0xf6, 0xd2, 0xbe,
+    0xed, 0x8f, 0xe5, 0xfe, 0xa2, 0xa5, 0x20, 0x08,
+    0x15, 0x53, 0x7c, 0x68, 0x28, 0xae, 0x07, 0xb2,
+    0x4c, 0x5d, 0xee, 0xc1, 0xc6, 0xdc, 0xd6, 0x8b,
+    0xc6, 0xba, 0x46, 0xe1, 0x16, 0xa9, 0x04, 0x72,
+    0xdf, 0x8f, 0x1e, 0x97, 0x2a, 0x55, 0xe7, 0xac,
+    0x08, 0x0d, 0x61, 0xe8, 0x64, 0x8b, 0x6f, 0x96,
+    0x0e, 0xbb, 0x8a, 0x30, 0xb3, 0x73, 0x28, 0x61,
+    0x16, 0x89, 0x90, 0x88, 0x8e, 0xda, 0x22, 0xe6,
+    0x42, 0x16, 0xc7, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x7f, 0x44,
+    0x1e, 0xef, 0xe6, 0xdb, 0x78, 0x54, 0x89, 0xa5,
+    0x60, 0x67, 0xb3, 0x35, 0x2d, 0x79, 0x49, 0xcf,
+    0xe6, 0x8f, 0xf3, 0x64, 0x52, 0x1c, 0x6c, 0x43,
+    0x7e, 0xb0, 0xde, 0x55, 0xdf, 0xbe, 0xb7, 0xb1,
+    0xdb, 0x02, 0xee, 0x76, 0x96, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0x97,
+    0x8c, 0x23, 0xaa, 0x7d, 0x4c, 0x47, 0x28, 0x41,
+    0x7a, 0x20, 0x39, 0x1f, 0x64, 0x0b, 0xf1, 0x74,
+    0xf1, 0x29, 0xda, 0xe9, 0x3a, 0x36, 0xa6, 0x88,
+    0xb8, 0xc0, 0x21, 0xb8, 0x9b, 0x5d, 0x90, 0x85,
+    0xa3, 0x30, 0x61, 0x17, 0x8c, 0x74, 0x63, 0xd5,
+    0x0f, 0x95, 0xdc, 0xc8, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0x24, 0x55,
+    0x40, 0xe2, 0x84, 0x57, 0x65, 0x06, 0x11, 0x30,
+    0x2b, 0x9e, 0x32, 0x95, 0x39, 0xf2, 0x1a, 0x3f,
+    0xab, 0xcd, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x9c, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x50,
+    0x7c, 0xf4, 0xbe, 0xcb, 0x80, 0xea, 0x66, 0xba,
+    0x0e, 0x7b, 0x46, 0x0b, 0x25, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x03,
+    0x29, 0x11, 0x2d, 0x69, 0x4f, 0x21, 0xa2, 0x58,
+    0x37, 0x4b, 0x84, 0x15, 0xb3, 0x65, 0x3a, 0xac,
+    0xd4, 0xd0, 0xf6, 0xdf, 0x4b, 0x82, 0xca, 0x9e,
+    0xbb, 0xbe, 0x3c, 0x4d, 0xd5, 0xbf, 0x00, 0xd6,
+    0x12, 0x48, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc7, 0xf8, 0xe1, 0xcd,
+    0xd0, 0x28, 0x03, 0x19, 0xa6, 0x06, 0x13, 0x45,
+};
+
+typedef struct QCryptoAkCipherTestData QCryptoAkCipherTestData;
+struct QCryptoAkCipherTestData {
+    const char *path;
+    QCryptoAkCipherOptions opt;
+
+    const uint8_t *priv_key;
+    size_t priv_key_len;
+    const uint8_t *pub_key;
+    size_t pub_key_len;
+
+    const uint8_t *plaintext;
+    size_t plen;
+    const uint8_t *ciphertext;
+    size_t clen;
+    const uint8_t *dgst;
+    size_t dlen;
+    const uint8_t *signature;
+    size_t slen;
+};
+
+static QCryptoAkCipherTestData test_data[] = {
+    /* rsa1024 with raw padding */
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/akcipher/rsa1024-raw",
+        .opt = {
+            .alg = QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_ALG_RSA,
+            .u.rsa = {
+                .padding_alg = QCRYPTO_RSA_PADDING_ALG_RAW,
+            },
+        },
+        .pub_key = rsa1024_public_key,
+        .pub_key_len = sizeof(rsa1024_public_key),
+        .priv_key = rsa1024_private_key,
+        .priv_key_len = sizeof(rsa1024_private_key),
+
+        .plaintext = test_plaintext,
+        .plen = 128,
+        .ciphertext = exp_ciphertext_rsa1024_raw,
+        .clen = sizeof(exp_ciphertext_rsa1024_raw),
+    },
+
+    /* rsa1024 with pkcs1 padding */
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/akcipher/rsa1024-pkcs1",
+        .opt = {
+            .alg = QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_ALG_RSA,
+            .u.rsa = {
+                .padding_alg = QCRYPTO_RSA_PADDING_ALG_PKCS1,
+                .hash_alg = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+            },
+        },
+        .pub_key = rsa1024_public_key,
+        .pub_key_len = sizeof(rsa1024_public_key),
+        .priv_key = rsa1024_private_key,
+        .priv_key_len = sizeof(rsa1024_private_key),
+
+        .plaintext = test_plaintext,
+        .plen = 64,
+        .ciphertext = exp_ciphertext_rsa1024_pkcs1,
+        .clen = sizeof(exp_ciphertext_rsa1024_pkcs1),
+        .dgst = test_sha1_dgst,
+        .dlen = sizeof(test_sha1_dgst),
+        .signature = exp_signature_rsa1024_pkcs1,
+        .slen = sizeof(exp_signature_rsa1024_pkcs1),
+    },
+
+    /* rsa2048 with raw padding */
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/akcipher/rsa2048-raw",
+        .opt = {
+            .alg = QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_ALG_RSA,
+            .u.rsa = {
+                .padding_alg = QCRYPTO_RSA_PADDING_ALG_RAW,
+            },
+        },
+        .pub_key = rsa2048_public_key,
+        .pub_key_len = sizeof(rsa2048_public_key),
+        .priv_key = rsa2048_private_key,
+        .priv_key_len = sizeof(rsa2048_private_key),
+
+        .plaintext = test_plaintext,
+        .plen = 256,
+        .ciphertext = exp_ciphertext_rsa2048_raw,
+        .clen = sizeof(exp_ciphertext_rsa2048_raw),
+    },
+
+    /* rsa2048 with pkcs1 padding */
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/akcipher/rsa2048-pkcs1",
+        .opt = {
+            .alg = QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_ALG_RSA,
+            .u.rsa = {
+                .padding_alg = QCRYPTO_RSA_PADDING_ALG_PKCS1,
+                .hash_alg = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+            },
+        },
+        .pub_key = rsa2048_public_key,
+        .pub_key_len = sizeof(rsa2048_public_key),
+        .priv_key = rsa2048_private_key,
+        .priv_key_len = sizeof(rsa2048_private_key),
+
+        .plaintext = test_plaintext,
+        .plen = 128,
+        .ciphertext = exp_ciphertext_rsa2048_pkcs1,
+        .clen = sizeof(exp_ciphertext_rsa2048_pkcs1),
+        .dgst = test_sha1_dgst,
+        .dlen = sizeof(test_sha1_dgst),
+        .signature = exp_signature_rsa2048_pkcs1,
+        .slen = sizeof(exp_signature_rsa2048_pkcs1),
+    },
+
+};
+
+static void test_akcipher(const void *opaque)
+{
+    const QCryptoAkCipherTestData *data = opaque;
+    g_autofree uint8_t *plaintext = NULL;
+    g_autofree uint8_t *ciphertext = NULL;
+    g_autofree uint8_t *signature = NULL;
+    QCryptoAkCipher *pub_key, *priv_key;
+
+    if (!qcrypto_akcipher_supports((QCryptoAkCipherOptions *)&data->opt)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    pub_key = qcrypto_akcipher_new(&data->opt,
+                                   QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC,
+                                   data->pub_key, data->pub_key_len,
+                                   &error_abort);
+    g_assert(pub_key != NULL);
+    priv_key = qcrypto_akcipher_new(&data->opt,
+                                    QCRYPTO_AKCIPHER_KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+                                    data->priv_key, data->priv_key_len,
+                                    &error_abort);
+    g_assert(priv_key != NULL);
+
+    if (data->plaintext != NULL) {
+
+        ciphertext = g_new0(uint8_t, data->clen);
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_encrypt(pub_key, data->plaintext, data->plen,
+                                          ciphertext, data->clen,
+                                          &error_abort) > 0);
+
+        /**
+         * In the asymmetric encryption algorithms, the ciphertext generated
+         * each time may be different, here only compare the decrypted
+         * plaintext
+         */
+        plaintext = g_new0(uint8_t, data->clen);
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_decrypt(priv_key, ciphertext,
+                                          data->clen, plaintext,
+                                          data->plen,
+                                          &error_abort) == data->plen);
+        g_assert(!memcmp(plaintext, data->plaintext, data->plen));
+    }
+
+    if (data->signature != NULL) {
+        signature = g_new(uint8_t, data->slen);
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_sign(priv_key, data->dgst, data->dlen,
+                                       signature, data->slen,
+                                       &error_abort) > 0);
+        /**
+         * The signature generated each time may be different, here only check
+         * the verification.
+         */
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_verify(pub_key, data->signature, data->slen,
+                                         data->dgst, data->dlen,
+                                         &error_abort) == 0);
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_verify(pub_key, signature, data->slen,
+                                         data->dgst, data->dlen,
+                                         &error_abort) == 0);
+        ++signature[0];
+        /* Here error should be ignored */
+        g_assert(qcrypto_akcipher_verify(pub_key, signature, data->slen,
+                                         data->dgst, data->dlen, NULL) != 0);
+    }
+
+    qcrypto_akcipher_free(pub_key);
+    qcrypto_akcipher_free(priv_key);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+    g_assert(qcrypto_init(NULL) == 0);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS(test_data); i++) {
+        g_test_add_data_func(test_data[i].path, &test_data[i], test_akcipher);
+    }
+
+    return g_test_run();
+}