From patchwork Thu Oct 6 20:46:11 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Ojaswin Mujoo X-Patchwork-Id: 13000714 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A817CC4332F for ; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S232246AbiJFUqh (ORCPT ); Thu, 6 Oct 2022 16:46:37 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:47612 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S229540AbiJFUqg (ORCPT ); Thu, 6 Oct 2022 16:46:36 -0400 Received: from mx0b-001b2d01.pphosted.com (mx0b-001b2d01.pphosted.com [148.163.158.5]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48462BEFBB; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 13:46:35 -0700 (PDT) Received: from pps.filterd (m0098421.ppops.net [127.0.0.1]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (8.17.1.5/8.17.1.5) with ESMTP id 296KiP5i011718; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:30 GMT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=ibm.com; h=from : to : cc : subject : date : message-id : content-type : content-transfer-encoding : mime-version; s=pp1; bh=tkwKchqQhsxu80vxhDIwDpPXnBStBGzdkGiCMr5xzKY=; b=NlHbmfZHDu3HoDouHu1+gH67Yv1IrJRN1M9M+IoIwesazOYGPAxoJRu2jUQsdplcnQpF VkkyBMtHBMprjxfTOIYG21gLok00IV1Y5P8EeMcKA3Ta8iMsq3Kj8rAwYCooorgXUSUV B/0Gn0BIMBEQeIl9HmwThkIruzxWrHufZaeK2G4wmdTRdAcCg95zJ/dpPtPOt+I6HD6U LgxN8M+CbusZO1AwXxio92LjpP4gr5iZBPXrqvonXx3l1ma6E8gsQcZxshWfWedFt2We 00liyGnxje+Zm7qD4gmSiK31wNGNMchDuoIL4k9hisyi+eVQtMfMkiFTLZbBCgZntGba Dg== Received: from pps.reinject (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (PPS) with ESMTPS id 3k26ag024r-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Thu, 06 Oct 2022 20:46:29 +0000 Received: from m0098421.ppops.net (m0098421.ppops.net [127.0.0.1]) by pps.reinject (8.17.1.5/8.17.1.5) with ESMTP id 296KjCCn016687; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:29 GMT Received: from ppma03ams.nl.ibm.com (62.31.33a9.ip4.static.sl-reverse.com [169.51.49.98]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (PPS) with ESMTPS id 3k26ag0240-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Thu, 06 Oct 2022 20:46:29 +0000 Received: from pps.filterd (ppma03ams.nl.ibm.com [127.0.0.1]) by ppma03ams.nl.ibm.com (8.16.1.2/8.16.1.2) with SMTP id 296KaRpF026140; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:27 GMT Received: from b06avi18878370.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com (b06avi18878370.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com [9.149.26.194]) by ppma03ams.nl.ibm.com with ESMTP id 3jxd697mva-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Thu, 06 Oct 2022 20:46:27 +0000 Received: from b06wcsmtp001.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com (b06wcsmtp001.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com [9.149.105.160]) by b06avi18878370.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com (8.14.9/8.14.9/NCO v10.0) with ESMTP id 296Kktg939059916 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:55 GMT Received: from b06wcsmtp001.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 12BACA4060; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:25 +0000 (GMT) Received: from b06wcsmtp001.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C58AA4054; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:22 +0000 (GMT) Received: from li-bb2b2a4c-3307-11b2-a85c-8fa5c3a69313.ibm.com (unknown [9.43.110.181]) by b06wcsmtp001.portsmouth.uk.ibm.com (Postfix) with ESMTP; Thu, 6 Oct 2022 20:46:22 +0000 (GMT) From: Ojaswin Mujoo To: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org, "Theodore Ts'o" Cc: Ritesh Harjani , linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Andreas Dilger , Jan Kara , rookxu Subject: [PATCH 0/8] ext4: Convert inode preallocation list to an rbtree Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 02:16:11 +0530 Message-Id: X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.31.1 X-TM-AS-GCONF: 00 X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: aY-RiCjWIc75NBip4TDUuS56jbfTgCQ3 X-Proofpoint-GUID: MgPBV1_eMAnLs29TZZ_k0XbITXlciHPz X-Proofpoint-UnRewURL: 0 URL was un-rewritten MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.205,Aquarius:18.0.895,Hydra:6.0.528,FMLib:17.11.122.1 definitions=2022-10-06_04,2022-10-06_02,2022-06-22_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 suspectscore=0 lowpriorityscore=0 mlxscore=0 adultscore=0 malwarescore=0 mlxlogscore=868 priorityscore=1501 impostorscore=0 spamscore=0 phishscore=0 clxscore=1015 bulkscore=0 classifier=spam adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.12.0-2209130000 definitions=main-2210060121 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org This patch series aim to improve the performance and scalability of inode preallocation by changing inode preallocation linked list to an rbtree. I've ran xfstests quick on this series and plan to run auto group as well to confirm we have no regressions. ** Shortcomings of existing implementation ** Right now, we add all the inode preallocations(PAs) to a per inode linked list ei->i_prealloc_list. To prevent the list from growing infinitely during heavy sparse workloads, the lenght of this list was capped at 512 and a trimming logic was added to trim the list whenever it grew over this threshold, in patch 27bc446e2. This was discussed in detail in the following lore thread [1]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/d7a98178-056b-6db5-6bce-4ead23f4a257@gmail.com/ But from our testing, we noticed that the current implementation still had issues with scalability as the performance degraded when the PAs stored in the list grew. Most of the degradation was seen in ext4_mb_normalize_request() and ext4_mb_use_preallocated() functions as they iterated the inode PA list. ** Improvements in this patchset ** To counter the above shortcomings, this patch series modifies the inode PA list to an rbtree, which: - improves the performance of functions discussed above due to the improved lookup speed. - improves scalability by changing lookup complexity from O(n) to O(logn). We no longer need the trimming logic as well. As a result, the RCU implementation was needed to be changed since lockless lookups of rbtrees do have some issues like skipping subtrees. Hence, RCU was replaced with read write locks for inode PAs. More information can be found in Patch 7 (that has the core changes). ** Performance Numbers ** Performance numbers were collected with and without these patches, using an nvme device. Details of tests/benchmarks used are as follows: Test 1: 200,000 1KiB sparse writes using (fio) Test 2: Fill 5GiB w/ random writes, 1KiB burst size using (fio) Test 3: Test 2, but do 4 sequential writes before jumping to random offset (fio) Test 4: Fill 8GB FS w/ 2KiB files, 64 threads in parallel (fsmark) +──────────+──────────────────+────────────────+──────────────────+──────────────────+ | | nodelalloc | delalloc | +──────────+──────────────────+────────────────+──────────────────+──────────────────+ | | Unpatched | Patched | Unpatched | Patched | +──────────+──────────────────+────────────────+──────────────────+──────────────────+ | Test 1 | 11.8 MB/s | 23.3 MB/s | 27.2 MB/s | 63.7 MB/s | | Test 2 | 1617 MB/s | 1740 MB/s | 2223 MB/s | 2208 MB/s | | Test 3 | 1715 MB/s | 1823 MB/s | 2346 MB/s | 2364 MB/s | | Test 4 | 14284 files/sec | 14347 files/s | 13762 files/sec | 13882 files/sec | +──────────+──────────────────+────────────────+──────────────────+──────────────────+ In test 1, we almost see 100 to 200% increase in performance due to the high number of sparse writes highlighting the bottleneck in the unpatched kernel. Further, on running "perf diff patched.data unpatched.data" for test 1, we see something as follows: 2.83% +29.67% [kernel.vmlinux] [k] _raw_spin_lock ... +3.33% [ext4] [k] ext4_mb_normalize_request.constprop.30 0.25% +2.81% [ext4] [k] ext4_mb_use_preallocated Here we can see that the biggest different is in the _raw_spin_lock() function of unpatched kernel, that is called from `ext4_mb_normalize_request()` as seen here: 32.47% fio [kernel.vmlinux] [k] _raw_spin_lock | ---_raw_spin_lock | --32.22%--ext4_mb_normalize_request.constprop.30 This is comming from the spin_lock(&pa->pa_lock) that is called for each PA that we iterate over, in ext4_mb_normalize_request(). Since in rbtrees, we lookup log(n) PAs rather than n PAs, this spin lock is taken less frequently, as evident in the perf. Furthermore, we see some improvements in other tests however since they don't exercise the PA traversal path as much as test 1, the improvements are relatively smaller. ** Summary of patches ** - Patch 1-5: Abstractions/Minor optimizations - Patch 6: Split common inode & locality group specific fields to a union - Patch 7: Core changes to move inode PA logic from list to rbtree - Patch 8: Remove the trim logic as it is not needed ** Changes since RFC v3 [2] ** - Changed while loops to for loops in patch 7 - Fixed some data types - Made rbtree comparison logic more intuitive. The rbtree insertion function still kept separate from comparison function for reusability. ** Changes since RFC v2 ** - Added a function definition that was deleted during v2 rebase ** Changes since RFC v1 ** - Rebased over ext4 dev branch which includes Jan's patchset [1] that changed some code in mballoc.c [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220908091301.147-1-jack@suse.cz/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/113e30014fdcf409680e20ec1ef4455ace33884d.1664269665.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com/ Ojaswin Mujoo (8): ext4: Stop searching if PA doesn't satisfy non-extent file ext4: Refactor code related to freeing PAs ext4: Refactor code in ext4_mb_normalize_request() and ext4_mb_use_preallocated() ext4: Move overlap assert logic into a separate function ext4: Abstract out overlap fix/check logic in ext4_mb_normalize_request() ext4: Convert pa->pa_inode_list and pa->pa_obj_lock into a union ext4: Use rbtrees to manage PAs instead of inode i_prealloc_list ext4: Remove the logic to trim inode PAs Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst | 3 - fs/ext4/ext4.h | 5 +- fs/ext4/mballoc.c | 429 ++++++++++++++++++----------- fs/ext4/mballoc.h | 17 +- fs/ext4/super.c | 4 +- fs/ext4/sysfs.c | 2 - 6 files changed, 285 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)