diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
index eedc26e15dad..ae18824c7944 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
@@ -418,7 +418,11 @@ static int ovl_copy_up_locked(struct dentry *workdir, struct dentry *upperdir,
 
 	newdentry = dget(tmpfile ? upper : temp);
 	ovl_dentry_update(dentry, newdentry);
-	ovl_inode_update(d_inode(dentry), d_inode(newdentry));
+	err = ovl_inode_update(d_inode(dentry), d_inode(newdentry));
+	if (err) {
+		/* Broken hardlink - drop cache and return error */
+		d_drop(dentry);
+	}
 
 	/* Restore timestamps on parent (best effort) */
 	ovl_set_timestamps(upperdir, pstat);
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
index 55f4df8c3cf1..1f8276d7df32 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
@@ -471,32 +471,98 @@ void ovl_inode_init(struct inode *inode, struct inode *realinode, bool is_upper)
 		ovl_insert_inode_hash(inode, realinode);
 }
 
-void ovl_inode_update(struct inode *inode, struct inode *upperinode)
+/*
+ * When inodes index is enabled, we hash all non-dir inodes by the address
+ * of the lower origin inode. We need to take care on concurrent copy up of
+ * different lower hardlinks, that only one alias can set the upper real inode.
+ * Copy up of an alias that lost the ovl_inode_update() race will get -EEXIST
+ * and needs to d_drop() the overlay dentry of that alias, so the next
+ * ovl_lookup() will initialize a new overlay inode for the broken hardlink.
+ */
+int ovl_inode_update(struct inode *inode, struct inode *upperinode)
 {
+	bool is_upper;
+	struct inode *realinode;
+
 	WARN_ON(!upperinode);
-	ovl_inode_set_real(inode, upperinode, true);
-	if (!S_ISDIR(upperinode->i_mode))
+	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+	realinode = ovl_inode_real(inode, &is_upper);
+	if (!is_upper)
+		ovl_inode_set_real(inode, upperinode, true);
+	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+	if (is_upper && realinode != upperinode)
+		return -EEXIST;
+	/* When inodes index is enabled, inode is hashed before copy up */
+	if (!S_ISDIR(upperinode->i_mode) && !ovl_indexdir(inode->i_sb))
 		ovl_insert_inode_hash(inode, upperinode);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Store copy up origin inode in unused field i_data.private_data */
+static void ovl_inode_set_orig(struct inode *inode, struct inode *originode)
+{
+	inode->i_data.private_data = originode;
+}
+
+static struct inode *ovl_inode_orig(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return (struct inode *) inode->i_data.private_data;
 }
 
 static int ovl_inode_test(struct inode *inode, void *data)
 {
-	return ovl_inode_real(inode, NULL) == data;
+	struct ovl_inode_info *oi = data;
+	bool is_upper;
+	struct inode *realinode = ovl_inode_real(inode, &is_upper);
+
+	if (realinode == oi->realinode) {
+		WARN_ON(is_upper != oi->is_upper);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Return same overlay inode when looking up by lower real inode, but
+	 * an existing overlay inode, that is hashed by the same lower origin
+	 * inode, has already been updated on copy up to a real upper inode.
+	 */
+	return ovl_indexdir(inode->i_sb) && !oi->is_upper &&
+		is_upper && ovl_inode_orig(inode) == oi->realinode;
 }
 
 static int ovl_inode_set(struct inode *inode, void *data)
 {
-	inode->i_private = (void *) (((unsigned long) data) | OVL_ISUPPER_MASK);
+	struct ovl_inode_info *oi = data;
+
+	ovl_inode_set_real(inode, oi->realinode, oi->is_upper);
+	ovl_inode_set_orig(inode, oi->originode);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct inode *ovl_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *realinode)
-
+struct inode *ovl_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct ovl_inode_info *oi)
 {
+	struct inode *realinode = oi->realinode;
+	unsigned long hashval = (unsigned long) realinode;
 	struct inode *inode;
 
-	inode = iget5_locked(sb, (unsigned long) realinode,
-			     ovl_inode_test, ovl_inode_set, realinode);
+	/*
+	 * With inodes index feature enabled, overlay inodes hash key is the
+	 * address of the copy up origin inode if it is indexed.
+	 * When hashing a non-upper overlay inode, origin has to be set to
+	 * the real lower inode, which is the copy up origin inode to be.
+	 * When hashing a non-upper overlay inode and index points to an upper
+	 * inode (from another lower alias copy up), set the real inode to the
+	 * indexed upper inode.
+	 */
+	if (oi->originode && oi->originode != realinode) {
+		WARN_ON(!ovl_indexdir(sb) || !oi->is_upper);
+		hashval = (unsigned long) oi->originode;
+	}
+	if (oi->index && d_inode(oi->index)) {
+		WARN_ON(oi->is_upper && d_inode(oi->index) != realinode);
+		realinode = d_inode(oi->index);
+	}
+
+	inode = iget5_locked(sb, hashval, ovl_inode_test, ovl_inode_set, oi);
 	if (inode && inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
 		ovl_fill_inode(inode, realinode->i_mode, realinode->i_rdev);
 		set_nlink(inode, realinode->i_nlink);
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/namei.c b/fs/overlayfs/namei.c
index d204488bf23c..3f0f429798ef 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/namei.c
@@ -595,13 +595,34 @@ struct dentry *ovl_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 	if (upperdentry || ctr) {
 		struct dentry *realdentry;
 		struct inode *realinode;
+		struct inode *originode = NULL;
 
 		realdentry = upperdentry ? upperdentry : stack[0].dentry;
 		realinode = d_inode(realdentry);
+		/*
+		 * When inodes index is enabled, we hash all non-dir inodes
+		 * by the address of the copy up origin inode if it is indexed
+		 * or by the address of the non-upper real inode.
+		 * When inodes index is disabled, or if origin is not indexed,
+		 * we hash non-dir upper inodes by the addess of the real inode.
+		 * Regardless of the inode we use as hash key, we always store
+		 * the real (upper most) inode in i_private field.
+		 */
+		if (indexdentry) {
+			BUG_ON(!ctr);
+			originode = d_inode(stack[0].dentry);
+		}
 
 		err = -ENOMEM;
-		if (upperdentry && !d_is_dir(upperdentry)) {
-			inode = ovl_get_inode(dentry->d_sb, realinode);
+		if (!d.is_dir && (upperdentry || originode)) {
+			struct ovl_inode_info info = {
+				.realinode = realinode,
+				.originode = originode,
+				.index = indexdentry,
+				.is_upper = !!upperdentry,
+			};
+
+			inode = ovl_get_inode(dentry->d_sb, &info);
 		} else {
 			inode = ovl_new_inode(dentry->d_sb, realinode->i_mode,
 					      realinode->i_rdev);
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
index c4669b6b0e20..beac2d858689 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
@@ -258,8 +258,17 @@ bool ovl_is_private_xattr(const char *name);
 struct inode *ovl_new_inode(struct super_block *sb, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev);
 void ovl_inode_init(struct inode *inode, struct inode *realinode,
 		    bool is_upper);
-void ovl_inode_update(struct inode *inode, struct inode *upperinode);
-struct inode *ovl_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *realinode);
+int ovl_inode_update(struct inode *inode, struct inode *upperinode);
+
+/* information used to lookup an overlayfs inode */
+struct ovl_inode_info {
+	struct inode *realinode;
+	struct inode *originode;
+	struct dentry *index;
+	bool is_upper;
+};
+
+struct inode *ovl_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct ovl_inode_info *oi);
 
 #define OVL_ISUPPER_MASK 1UL
 
