diff mbox

[14/16] creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t

Message ID 1510754620-27088-15-git-send-email-elena.reshetova@intel.com (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show

Commit Message

Reshetova, Elena Nov. 15, 2017, 2:03 p.m. UTC
atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable cred.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

**Important note for maintainers:

Some functions from refcount_t API defined in lib/refcount.c
have different memory ordering guarantees than their atomic
counterparts.
The full comparison can be seen in
https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/11/15/57 and it is hopefully soon
in state to be merged to the documentation tree.
Normally the differences should not matter since refcount_t provides
enough guarantees to satisfy the refcounting use cases, but in
some rare cases it might matter.
Please double check that you don't have some undocumented
memory guarantees for this variable usage.

For the cred.usage it might make a difference
in following places:
 - get_task_cred(): increment in refcount_inc_not_zero() only
   guarantees control dependency on success vs. fully ordered
   atomic counterpart
 - put_cred(): decrement in refcount_dec_and_test() only
   provides RELEASE ordering and control dependency on success
   vs. fully ordered atomic counterpart

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/cred.h |  6 +++---
 kernel/cred.c        | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

Comments

Kees Cook Nov. 17, 2017, 12:14 a.m. UTC | #1
On Wed, Nov 15, 2017 at 6:03 AM, Elena Reshetova
<elena.reshetova@intel.com> wrote:
> atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
> counters with the following properties:
>  - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
>  - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
>  - once counter reaches zero, its further
>    increments aren't allowed
>  - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
>    (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)
>
> Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
> refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
> and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
> can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.
>
> The variable cred.usage is used as pure reference counter.
> Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.
>
> **Important note for maintainers:
>
> Some functions from refcount_t API defined in lib/refcount.c
> have different memory ordering guarantees than their atomic
> counterparts.
> The full comparison can be seen in
> https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/11/15/57 and it is hopefully soon
> in state to be merged to the documentation tree.
> Normally the differences should not matter since refcount_t provides
> enough guarantees to satisfy the refcounting use cases, but in
> some rare cases it might matter.
> Please double check that you don't have some undocumented
> memory guarantees for this variable usage.
>
> For the cred.usage it might make a difference
> in following places:
>  - get_task_cred(): increment in refcount_inc_not_zero() only
>    guarantees control dependency on success vs. fully ordered
>    atomic counterpart
>  - put_cred(): decrement in refcount_dec_and_test() only
>    provides RELEASE ordering and control dependency on success
>    vs. fully ordered atomic counterpart

Both cases seem to operate under these conditions already. Andrew, can
you take this too?

Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

-Kees

>
> Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
> Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
> Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
> ---
>  include/linux/cred.h |  6 +++---
>  kernel/cred.c        | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
>  2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
> index 00948dd..a9f217b 100644
> --- a/include/linux/cred.h
> +++ b/include/linux/cred.h
> @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ extern bool may_setgroups(void);
>   * same context as task->real_cred.
>   */
>  struct cred {
> -       atomic_t        usage;
> +       refcount_t      usage;
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
>         atomic_t        subscribers;    /* number of processes subscribed */
>         void            *put_addr;
> @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ static inline bool cap_ambient_invariant_ok(const struct cred *cred)
>   */
>  static inline struct cred *get_new_cred(struct cred *cred)
>  {
> -       atomic_inc(&cred->usage);
> +       refcount_inc(&cred->usage);
>         return cred;
>  }
>
> @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ static inline void put_cred(const struct cred *_cred)
>         struct cred *cred = (struct cred *) _cred;
>
>         validate_creds(cred);
> -       if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
> +       if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
>                 __put_cred(cred);
>  }
>
> diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
> index 9604c1a..86c039a 100644
> --- a/kernel/cred.c
> +++ b/kernel/cred.c
> @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
>   * The initial credentials for the initial task
>   */
>  struct cred init_cred = {
> -       .usage                  = ATOMIC_INIT(4),
> +       .usage                  = REFCOUNT_INIT(4),
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
>         .subscribers            = ATOMIC_INIT(2),
>         .magic                  = CRED_MAGIC,
> @@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
>         if (cred->magic != CRED_MAGIC_DEAD ||
> -           atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
> +           refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
>             read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0)
>                 panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with"
>                       " mag %x, put %p, usage %d, subscr %d\n",
>                       cred, cred->magic, cred->put_addr,
> -                     atomic_read(&cred->usage),
> +                     refcount_read(&cred->usage),
>                       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
>  #else
> -       if (atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
> +       if (refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
>                 panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with usage %d\n",
> -                     cred, atomic_read(&cred->usage));
> +                     cred, refcount_read(&cred->usage));
>  #endif
>
>         security_cred_free(cred);
> @@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
>  void __put_cred(struct cred *cred)
>  {
>         kdebug("__put_cred(%p{%d,%d})", cred,
> -              atomic_read(&cred->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&cred->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(cred));
>
> -       BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
> +       BUG_ON(refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
>         BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0);
>         cred->magic = CRED_MAGIC_DEAD;
> @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void exit_creds(struct task_struct *tsk)
>         struct cred *cred;
>
>         kdebug("exit_creds(%u,%p,%p,{%d,%d})", tsk->pid, tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
> -              atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
>
>         cred = (struct cred *) tsk->real_cred;
> @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ const struct cred *get_task_cred(struct task_struct *task)
>         do {
>                 cred = __task_cred((task));
>                 BUG_ON(!cred);
> -       } while (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
> +       } while (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
>
>         rcu_read_unlock();
>         return cred;
> @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
>         if (!new)
>                 return NULL;
>
> -       atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
> +       refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
>         new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
>  #endif
> @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
>         old = task->cred;
>         memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct cred));
>
> -       atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
> +       refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
>         set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
>         get_group_info(new->group_info);
>         get_uid(new->user);
> @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
>                 get_cred(p->cred);
>                 alter_cred_subscribers(p->cred, 2);
>                 kdebug("share_creds(%p{%d,%d})",
> -                      p->cred, atomic_read(&p->cred->usage),
> +                      p->cred, refcount_read(&p->cred->usage),
>                        read_cred_subscribers(p->cred));
>                 atomic_inc(&p->cred->user->processes);
>                 return 0;
> @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
>         const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
>
>         kdebug("commit_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
> -              atomic_read(&new->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&new->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(new));
>
>         BUG_ON(task->cred != old);
> @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
>         validate_creds(old);
>         validate_creds(new);
>  #endif
> -       BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
> +       BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
>
>         get_cred(new); /* we will require a ref for the subj creds too */
>
> @@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(commit_creds);
>  void abort_creds(struct cred *new)
>  {
>         kdebug("abort_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
> -              atomic_read(&new->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&new->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(new));
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
>         BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(new) != 0);
>  #endif
> -       BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
> +       BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
>         put_cred(new);
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(abort_creds);
> @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
>         const struct cred *old = current->cred;
>
>         kdebug("override_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
> -              atomic_read(&new->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&new->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(new));
>
>         validate_creds(old);
> @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
>         alter_cred_subscribers(old, -1);
>
>         kdebug("override_creds() = %p{%d,%d}", old,
> -              atomic_read(&old->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&old->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(old));
>         return old;
>  }
> @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ void revert_creds(const struct cred *old)
>         const struct cred *override = current->cred;
>
>         kdebug("revert_creds(%p{%d,%d})", old,
> -              atomic_read(&old->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&old->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(old));
>
>         validate_creds(old);
> @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
>         validate_creds(old);
>
>         *new = *old;
> -       atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
> +       refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
>         set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
>         get_uid(new->user);
>         get_user_ns(new->user_ns);
> @@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ static void dump_invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *label,
>         printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->magic=%x, put_addr=%p\n",
>                cred->magic, cred->put_addr);
>         printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->usage=%d, subscr=%d\n",
> -              atomic_read(&cred->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&cred->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(cred));
>         printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*uid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
>                 from_kuid_munged(&init_user_ns, cred->uid),
> @@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ void validate_creds_for_do_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
>  {
>         kdebug("validate_creds_for_do_exit(%p,%p{%d,%d})",
>                tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
> -              atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
> +              refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
>                read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
>
>         __validate_process_creds(tsk, __FILE__, __LINE__);
> --
> 2.7.4
>
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
index 00948dd..a9f217b 100644
--- a/include/linux/cred.h
+++ b/include/linux/cred.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@  extern bool may_setgroups(void);
  * same context as task->real_cred.
  */
 struct cred {
-	atomic_t	usage;
+	refcount_t	usage;
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	atomic_t	subscribers;	/* number of processes subscribed */
 	void		*put_addr;
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@  static inline bool cap_ambient_invariant_ok(const struct cred *cred)
  */
 static inline struct cred *get_new_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&cred->usage);
+	refcount_inc(&cred->usage);
 	return cred;
 }
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@  static inline void put_cred(const struct cred *_cred)
 	struct cred *cred = (struct cred *) _cred;
 
 	validate_creds(cred);
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
 		__put_cred(cred);
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index 9604c1a..86c039a 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@  struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
  * The initial credentials for the initial task
  */
 struct cred init_cred = {
-	.usage			= ATOMIC_INIT(4),
+	.usage			= REFCOUNT_INIT(4),
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	.subscribers		= ATOMIC_INIT(2),
 	.magic			= CRED_MAGIC,
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@  static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	if (cred->magic != CRED_MAGIC_DEAD ||
-	    atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
+	    refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
 	    read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with"
 		      " mag %x, put %p, usage %d, subscr %d\n",
 		      cred, cred->magic, cred->put_addr,
-		      atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+		      refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 		      read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 #else
-	if (atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
+	if (refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with usage %d\n",
-		      cred, atomic_read(&cred->usage));
+		      cred, refcount_read(&cred->usage));
 #endif
 
 	security_cred_free(cred);
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@  static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 void __put_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
 	kdebug("__put_cred(%p{%d,%d})", cred,
-	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0);
 	cred->magic = CRED_MAGIC_DEAD;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@  void exit_creds(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	struct cred *cred;
 
 	kdebug("exit_creds(%u,%p,%p,{%d,%d})", tsk->pid, tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
-	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
 
 	cred = (struct cred *) tsk->real_cred;
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@  const struct cred *get_task_cred(struct task_struct *task)
 	do {
 		cred = __task_cred((task));
 		BUG_ON(!cred);
-	} while (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
+	} while (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 	return cred;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@  struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
 	if (!new)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
 #endif
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@  struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
 	old = task->cred;
 	memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct cred));
 
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
 	get_uid(new->user);
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@  int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
 		get_cred(p->cred);
 		alter_cred_subscribers(p->cred, 2);
 		kdebug("share_creds(%p{%d,%d})",
-		       p->cred, atomic_read(&p->cred->usage),
+		       p->cred, refcount_read(&p->cred->usage),
 		       read_cred_subscribers(p->cred));
 		atomic_inc(&p->cred->user->processes);
 		return 0;
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@  int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
 
 	kdebug("commit_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 	BUG_ON(task->cred != old);
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@  int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	validate_creds(old);
 	validate_creds(new);
 #endif
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 
 	get_cred(new); /* we will require a ref for the subj creds too */
 
@@ -501,13 +501,13 @@  EXPORT_SYMBOL(commit_creds);
 void abort_creds(struct cred *new)
 {
 	kdebug("abort_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(new) != 0);
 #endif
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 	put_cred(new);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(abort_creds);
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@  const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 	const struct cred *old = current->cred;
 
 	kdebug("override_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 	validate_creds(old);
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@  const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 	alter_cred_subscribers(old, -1);
 
 	kdebug("override_creds() = %p{%d,%d}", old,
-	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&old->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 	return old;
 }
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@  void revert_creds(const struct cred *old)
 	const struct cred *override = current->cred;
 
 	kdebug("revert_creds(%p{%d,%d})", old,
-	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&old->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 
 	validate_creds(old);
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@  struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
 	validate_creds(old);
 
 	*new = *old;
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_uid(new->user);
 	get_user_ns(new->user_ns);
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@  static void dump_invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *label,
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->magic=%x, put_addr=%p\n",
 	       cred->magic, cred->put_addr);
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->usage=%d, subscr=%d\n",
-	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*uid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
 		from_kuid_munged(&init_user_ns, cred->uid),
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@  void validate_creds_for_do_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	kdebug("validate_creds_for_do_exit(%p,%p{%d,%d})",
 	       tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
-	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
 
 	__validate_process_creds(tsk, __FILE__, __LINE__);