From patchwork Fri Nov 24 17:30:22 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?G=C3=BCnther_Noack?= X-Patchwork-Id: 13468055 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=google.com header.i=@google.com header.b="1Jeej/Fn" Received: from mail-ej1-x64a.google.com (mail-ej1-x64a.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::64a]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 89F5710E7 for ; Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:30:45 -0800 (PST) Received: by mail-ej1-x64a.google.com with SMTP id a640c23a62f3a-a049e6d78f9so158215566b.1 for ; Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:30:45 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=20230601; t=1700847044; x=1701451844; darn=vger.kernel.org; h=content-transfer-encoding:cc:to:from:subject:references :mime-version:message-id:in-reply-to:date:from:to:cc:subject:date :message-id:reply-to; bh=aNvTGIRzTNBeOqkZTUDyXNQ6ht1ZIsjnKjJpiEic1xU=; b=1Jeej/FnzE3D/4NM/fQU8WYazRazYgTa29O7tvi2y2NFp41vpNOzKk6RhQ0NESp9U7 7n0zGHmT0BTWoM9UoEAbdjbqxSc9Ew1Ftem63i3wPyNVZVRZtjnwgcDGrIJIB+RBAjhH oFofSW6TfJSbXIzxD8+nTTm/8YbtU7HJv9mDxLsf0ncNl0r4+JF3BqtlIaYRvzO3OCR0 pM8Wf/0XuX3HRMUgAS6QN7SYZRUCIj5p73O9Kg8MKo/NxDQz+OY6BW2m+KhfODHCeKHN BicqOhUd5u6RPDLh3yE1fdZ6WO7xXkGjv711kOIvirmwsJnN8ycdL5tvVPJ81Ers+n6Q wGeg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20230601; t=1700847044; x=1701451844; h=content-transfer-encoding:cc:to:from:subject:references :mime-version:message-id:in-reply-to:date:x-gm-message-state:from:to :cc:subject:date:message-id:reply-to; bh=aNvTGIRzTNBeOqkZTUDyXNQ6ht1ZIsjnKjJpiEic1xU=; b=O8g8SjH2meaz/KYAEHLpNC3IeT5kuBlBw5emnh/VerArRQF+T/SJWq/1jRe+cEajM+ smOTxJgK+GlQdhTPwC+hzZJoSizTgdI/5QrmyCM4bKNzcJg2Tg4/463tCiUMf60nNjx6 PLLauHX03QlFQh5FJNG0rzKOTlen10ZybnIzqsaJCTz97Jo5L+CDati7Aay/GH7Tvz1+ RjsVFScErjnakcgsrNk7RgqVUdDt1QvUUXcoGhQkfEsqU0Tr0boGWo0wONdP5ClV60Gd TF9CoGL7QYF+rj+Cb+Lxg3BeOPNlHnO4VcVOBEHtTztnYo0/iAtV3MMinQ2EH/WfAxvs ltOg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YwMw2UwZjlUJ7yicqoazwVAhBXwx5dX0zJN40poMATiISAgkZEn keSuUVUsBsR820hNNgHxoxL8/JmJqjA= X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IGNUM46R5k2pk+gpz+HTJkpDk3qzj2anTfxrhAxwu0WPR+Z4ARdK60TvfRk2KQhGnP+eQAtvf77KJ4= X-Received: from sport.zrh.corp.google.com ([2a00:79e0:9d:4:9429:6eed:3418:ad8a]) (user=gnoack job=sendgmr) by 2002:a17:906:53cd:b0:9be:9c66:4507 with SMTP id p13-20020a17090653cd00b009be9c664507mr35927ejo.4.1700847044145; Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:30:44 -0800 (PST) Date: Fri, 24 Nov 2023 18:30:22 +0100 In-Reply-To: <20231124173026.3257122-1-gnoack@google.com> Message-Id: <20231124173026.3257122-6-gnoack@google.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20231124173026.3257122-1-gnoack@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.43.0.rc1.413.gea7ed67945-goog Subject: [PATCH v6 5/9] selftests/landlock: Test IOCTL support From: " =?utf-8?q?G=C3=BCnther_Noack?= " To: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, " =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala?= =?utf-8?q?=C3=BCn?= " Cc: Jeff Xu , Jorge Lucangeli Obes , Allen Webb , Dmitry Torokhov , Paul Moore , Konstantin Meskhidze , Matt Bobrowski , linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, " =?utf-8?q?G=C3=BCnther_Noack?= " Exercises Landlock's IOCTL feature in different combinations of handling and permitting the rights LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE and LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, and in different combinations of using files and directories. Signed-off-by: Günther Noack --- tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c | 431 ++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 428 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c index 0e86c14e7bb6..94f54a61e508 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ #define _GNU_SOURCE #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -672,6 +673,9 @@ static int create_ruleset(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, } for (i = 0; rules[i].path; i++) { + if (!rules[i].access) + continue; + add_path_beneath(_metadata, ruleset_fd, rules[i].access, rules[i].path); } @@ -3380,7 +3384,7 @@ TEST_F_FORK(layout1, truncate_unhandled) LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE; int ruleset_fd; - /* Enable Landlock. */ + /* Enables Landlock. */ ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, handled, rules); ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); @@ -3463,7 +3467,7 @@ TEST_F_FORK(layout1, truncate) LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_TRUNCATE; int ruleset_fd; - /* Enable Landlock. */ + /* Enables Landlock. */ ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, handled, rules); ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); @@ -3689,7 +3693,7 @@ TEST_F_FORK(ftruncate, open_and_ftruncate) }; int fd, ruleset_fd; - /* Enable Landlock. */ + /* Enables Landlock. */ ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, variant->handled, rules); ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); @@ -3766,6 +3770,16 @@ TEST_F_FORK(ftruncate, open_and_ftruncate_in_different_processes) ASSERT_EQ(0, close(socket_fds[1])); } +/* Invokes the FS_IOC_GETFLAGS IOCTL and returns its errno or 0. */ +static int test_fs_ioc_getflags_ioctl(int fd) +{ + uint32_t flags; + + if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags) < 0) + return errno; + return 0; +} + TEST(memfd_ftruncate) { int fd; @@ -3782,6 +3796,417 @@ TEST(memfd_ftruncate) ASSERT_EQ(0, close(fd)); } +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE(ioctl) {}; +/* clang-format on */ + +FIXTURE_SETUP(ioctl) +{ + prepare_layout(_metadata); + create_file(_metadata, file1_s1d1); +} + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(ioctl) +{ + EXPECT_EQ(0, remove_path(file1_s1d1)); + cleanup_layout(_metadata); +} + +FIXTURE_VARIANT(ioctl) +{ + const __u64 handled; + const __u64 allowed; + const mode_t open_mode; + /* + * These are the expected IOCTL results for a representative IOCTL from + * each of the IOCTL groups. We only distinguish the 0 and EACCES + * results here, and treat other errors as 0. + */ + const int expected_fioqsize_result; /* G1 */ + const int expected_fibmap_result; /* G2 */ + const int expected_fionread_result; /* G3 */ + const int expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result; /* G4 */ + const int expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result; /* other */ +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_i_allowed_none) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = 0, + .open_mode = O_RDWR, + .expected_fioqsize_result = EACCES, + .expected_fibmap_result = EACCES, + .expected_fionread_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_i_allowed_i) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .open_mode = O_RDWR, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = 0, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, unhandled) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE, + .open_mode = O_RDWR, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = 0, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwd_allowed_r) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + .open_mode = O_RDONLY, + /* If LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL is not handled, all IOCTLs work. */ + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = 0, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwd_allowed_w) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + .open_mode = O_WRONLY, + /* If LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL is not handled, all IOCTLs work. */ + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = 0, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_ri_allowed_r) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + .open_mode = O_RDONLY, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_wi_allowed_w) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + .open_mode = O_WRONLY, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_di_allowed_d) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, + .open_mode = O_RDWR, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = EACCES, + .expected_fionread_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwi_allowed_rw) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + .open_mode = O_RDWR, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwi_allowed_r) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + .open_mode = O_RDONLY, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwi_allowed_ri) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .open_mode = O_RDONLY, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = 0, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwi_allowed_w) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + .open_mode = O_WRONLY, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = EACCES, +}; + +/* clang-format off */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(ioctl, handled_rwi_allowed_wi) { + /* clang-format on */ + .handled = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .allowed = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_IOCTL, + .open_mode = O_WRONLY, + .expected_fioqsize_result = 0, + .expected_fibmap_result = 0, + .expected_fionread_result = EACCES, + .expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result = 0, + .expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result = 0, +}; + +static int test_fioqsize_ioctl(int fd) +{ + size_t sz; + + if (ioctl(fd, FIOQSIZE, &sz) < 0) + return errno; + return 0; +} + +static int test_fibmap_ioctl(int fd) +{ + int blk = 0; + + /* + * We only want to distinguish here whether Landlock already caught it, + * so we treat anything but EACCESS as success. (It commonly returns + * EPERM when missing CAP_SYS_RAWIO.) + */ + if (ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &blk) < 0 && errno == EACCES) + return errno; + return 0; +} + +static int test_fionread_ioctl(int fd) +{ + size_t sz = 0; + + if (ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &sz) < 0 && errno == EACCES) + return errno; + return 0; +} + +#define FS_IOC_ZERO_RANGE _IOW('X', 57, struct space_resv) + +static int test_fs_ioc_zero_range_ioctl(int fd) +{ + struct space_resv { + __s16 l_type; + __s16 l_whence; + __s64 l_start; + __s64 l_len; /* len == 0 means until end of file */ + __s32 l_sysid; + __u32 l_pid; + __s32 l_pad[4]; /* reserved area */ + } reservation = {}; + /* + * This can fail for various reasons, but we only want to distinguish + * here whether Landlock already caught it, so we treat anything but + * EACCES as success. + */ + if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_ZERO_RANGE, &reservation) < 0 && errno == EACCES) + return errno; + return 0; +} + +TEST_F_FORK(ioctl, handle_dir_access_file) +{ + const int flag = 0; + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d1, + .access = variant->allowed, + }, + {}, + }; + int file_fd, ruleset_fd; + + /* Enables Landlock. */ + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, variant->handled, rules); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + file_fd = open(file1_s1d1, variant->open_mode); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + + /* + * Checks that IOCTL commands in each IOCTL group return the expected + * errors. + */ + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fioqsize_result, + test_fioqsize_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fibmap_result, test_fibmap_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fionread_result, + test_fionread_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result, + test_fs_ioc_zero_range_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result, + test_fs_ioc_getflags_ioctl(file_fd)); + + /* Checks that unrestrictable commands are unrestricted. */ + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIOCLEX)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIONCLEX)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIONBIO, &flag)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIOASYNC, &flag)); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); +} + +TEST_F_FORK(ioctl, handle_dir_access_dir) +{ + const char *const path = dir_s1d1; + const int flag = 0; + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = path, + .access = variant->allowed, + }, + {}, + }; + int dir_fd, ruleset_fd; + + /* Enables Landlock. */ + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, variant->handled, rules); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* + * Ignore variant->open_mode for this test, as we intend to open a + * directory. If the directory can not be opened, the variant is + * infeasible to test with an opened directory. + */ + dir_fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); + if (dir_fd < 0) + return; + + /* + * Checks that IOCTL commands in each IOCTL group return the expected + * errors. + */ + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fioqsize_result, + test_fioqsize_ioctl(dir_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fibmap_result, test_fibmap_ioctl(dir_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fionread_result, + test_fionread_ioctl(dir_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result, + test_fs_ioc_zero_range_ioctl(dir_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result, + test_fs_ioc_getflags_ioctl(dir_fd)); + + /* Checks that unrestrictable commands are unrestricted. */ + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(dir_fd, FIOCLEX)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(dir_fd, FIONCLEX)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(dir_fd, FIONBIO, &flag)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(dir_fd, FIOASYNC, &flag)); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(dir_fd)); +} + +TEST_F_FORK(ioctl, handle_file_access_file) +{ + const char *const path = file1_s1d1; + const int flag = 0; + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = path, + .access = variant->allowed, + }, + {}, + }; + int file_fd, ruleset_fd; + + if (variant->allowed & LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR) { + SKIP(return, "LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR " + "can not be granted on files"); + } + + /* Enables Landlock. */ + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, variant->handled, rules); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + file_fd = open(path, variant->open_mode); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + + /* + * Checks that IOCTL commands in each IOCTL group return the expected + * errors. + */ + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fioqsize_result, + test_fioqsize_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fibmap_result, test_fibmap_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fionread_result, + test_fionread_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fs_ioc_zero_range_result, + test_fs_ioc_zero_range_ioctl(file_fd)); + EXPECT_EQ(variant->expected_fs_ioc_getflags_result, + test_fs_ioc_getflags_ioctl(file_fd)); + + /* Checks that unrestrictable commands are unrestricted. */ + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIOCLEX)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIONCLEX)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIONBIO, &flag)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(file_fd, FIOASYNC, &flag)); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); +} + /* clang-format off */ FIXTURE(layout1_bind) {}; /* clang-format on */