@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ Documentation for filesystem implementations.
inotify
isofs
nilfs2
+ nfs/index
+ ntfs
overlayfs
virtiofs
vfat
- nfs/index
similarity index 85%
rename from Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt
rename to Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.rst
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+================================
The Linux NTFS filesystem driver
================================
-Table of contents
-=================
+.. Table of contents
-- Overview
-- Web site
-- Features
-- Supported mount options
-- Known bugs and (mis-)features
-- Using NTFS volume and stripe sets
- - The Device-Mapper driver
- - The Software RAID / MD driver
- - Limitations when using the MD driver
+ - Overview
+ - Web site
+ - Features
+ - Supported mount options
+ - Known bugs and (mis-)features
+ - Using NTFS volume and stripe sets
+ - The Device-Mapper driver
+ - The Software RAID / MD driver
+ - Limitations when using the MD driver
Overview
@@ -66,8 +68,10 @@ Features
partition by creating a large file while in Windows and then loopback
mounting the file while in Linux and creating a Linux filesystem on it that
is used to install Linux on it.
-- A comparison of the two drivers using:
+- A comparison of the two drivers using::
+
time find . -type f -exec md5sum "{}" \;
+
run three times in sequence with each driver (after a reboot) on a 1.4GiB
NTFS partition, showed the new driver to be 20% faster in total time elapsed
(from 9:43 minutes on average down to 7:53). The time spent in user space
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ In addition to the generic mount options described by the manual page for the
mount command (man 8 mount, also see man 5 fstab), the NTFS driver supports the
following mount options:
+======================= =======================================================
iocharset=name Deprecated option. Still supported but please use
nls=name in the future. See description for nls=name.
@@ -175,16 +180,22 @@ disable_sparse=<BOOL> If disable_sparse is specified, creation of sparse
errors=opt What to do when critical filesystem errors are found.
Following values can be used for "opt":
- continue: DEFAULT, try to clean-up as much as
+
+ ======== =========================================
+ continue DEFAULT, try to clean-up as much as
possible, e.g. marking a corrupt inode as
bad so it is no longer accessed, and then
continue.
- recover: At present only supported is recovery of
+ recover At present only supported is recovery of
the boot sector from the backup copy.
If read-only mount, the recovery is done
in memory only and not written to disk.
- Note that the options are additive, i.e. specifying:
+ ======== =========================================
+
+ Note that the options are additive, i.e. specifying::
+
errors=continue,errors=recover
+
means the driver will attempt to recover and if that
fails it will clean-up as much as possible and
continue.
@@ -202,12 +213,18 @@ mft_zone_multiplier= Set the MFT zone multiplier for the volume (this
In general use the default. If you have a lot of small
files then use a higher value. The values have the
following meaning:
+
+ ===== =================================
Value MFT zone size (% of volume size)
+ ===== =================================
1 12.5%
2 25%
3 37.5%
4 50%
+ ===== =================================
+
Note this option is irrelevant for read-only mounts.
+======================= =======================================================
Known bugs and (mis-)features
@@ -252,18 +269,18 @@ To create the table describing your volume you will need to know each of its
components and their sizes in sectors, i.e. multiples of 512-byte blocks.
For NT4 fault tolerant volumes you can obtain the sizes using fdisk. So for
-example if one of your partitions is /dev/hda2 you would do:
+example if one of your partitions is /dev/hda2 you would do::
-$ fdisk -ul /dev/hda
+ $ fdisk -ul /dev/hda
-Disk /dev/hda: 81.9 GB, 81964302336 bytes
-255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9964 cylinders, total 160086528 sectors
-Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+ Disk /dev/hda: 81.9 GB, 81964302336 bytes
+ 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9964 cylinders, total 160086528 sectors
+ Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/hda1 * 63 4209029 2104483+ 83 Linux
- /dev/hda2 4209030 37768814 16779892+ 86 NTFS
- /dev/hda3 37768815 46170809 4200997+ 83 Linux
+ Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
+ /dev/hda1 * 63 4209029 2104483+ 83 Linux
+ /dev/hda2 4209030 37768814 16779892+ 86 NTFS
+ /dev/hda3 37768815 46170809 4200997+ 83 Linux
And you would know that /dev/hda2 has a size of 37768814 - 4209030 + 1 =
33559785 sectors.
@@ -271,15 +288,17 @@ And you would know that /dev/hda2 has a size of 37768814 - 4209030 + 1 =
For Win2k and later dynamic disks, you can for example use the ldminfo utility
which is part of the Linux LDM tools (the latest version at the time of
writing is linux-ldm-0.0.8.tar.bz2). You can download it from:
+
http://www.linux-ntfs.org/
+
Simply extract the downloaded archive (tar xvjf linux-ldm-0.0.8.tar.bz2), go
into it (cd linux-ldm-0.0.8) and change to the test directory (cd test). You
will find the precompiled (i386) ldminfo utility there. NOTE: You will not be
able to compile this yourself easily so use the binary version!
-Then you would use ldminfo in dump mode to obtain the necessary information:
+Then you would use ldminfo in dump mode to obtain the necessary information::
-$ ./ldminfo --dump /dev/hda
+ $ ./ldminfo --dump /dev/hda
This would dump the LDM database found on /dev/hda which describes all of your
dynamic disks and all the volumes on them. At the bottom you will see the
@@ -305,42 +324,36 @@ give you the correct information to do this.
Assuming you know all your devices and their sizes things are easy.
For a linear raid the table would look like this (note all values are in
-512-byte sectors):
+512-byte sectors)::
---- cut here ---
-# Offset into Size of this Raid type Device Start sector
-# volume device of device
-0 1028161 linear /dev/hda1 0
-1028161 3903762 linear /dev/hdb2 0
-4931923 2103211 linear /dev/hdc1 0
---- cut here ---
+ # Offset into Size of this Raid type Device Start sector
+ # volume device of device
+ 0 1028161 linear /dev/hda1 0
+ 1028161 3903762 linear /dev/hdb2 0
+ 4931923 2103211 linear /dev/hdc1 0
For a striped volume, i.e. raid level 0, you will need to know the chunk size
you used when creating the volume. Windows uses 64kiB as the default, so it
will probably be this unless you changes the defaults when creating the array.
For a raid level 0 the table would look like this (note all values are in
-512-byte sectors):
+512-byte sectors)::
---- cut here ---
-# Offset Size Raid Number Chunk 1st Start 2nd Start
-# into of the type of size Device in Device in
-# volume volume stripes device device
-0 2056320 striped 2 128 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
---- cut here ---
+ # Offset Size Raid Number Chunk 1st Start 2nd Start
+ # into of the type of size Device in Device in
+ # volume volume stripes device device
+ 0 2056320 striped 2 128 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
If there are more than two devices, just add each of them to the end of the
line.
Finally, for a mirrored volume, i.e. raid level 1, the table would look like
-this (note all values are in 512-byte sectors):
+this (note all values are in 512-byte sectors)::
---- cut here ---
-# Ofs Size Raid Log Number Region Should Number Source Start Target Start
-# in of the type type of log size sync? of Device in Device in
-# vol volume params mirrors Device Device
-0 2056320 mirror core 2 16 nosync 2 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
---- cut here ---
+ # Ofs Size Raid Log Number Region Should Number Source Start Target Start
+ # in of the type type of log size sync? of Device in Device in
+ # vol volume params mirrors Device Device
+ 0 2056320 mirror core 2 16 nosync 2 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
If you are mirroring to multiple devices you can specify further targets at the
end of the line.
@@ -353,17 +366,17 @@ to the "Target Device" or if you specified multiple target devices to all of
them.
Once you have your table, save it in a file somewhere (e.g. /etc/ntfsvolume1),
-and hand it over to dmsetup to work with, like so:
+and hand it over to dmsetup to work with, like so::
-$ dmsetup create myvolume1 /etc/ntfsvolume1
+ $ dmsetup create myvolume1 /etc/ntfsvolume1
You can obviously replace "myvolume1" with whatever name you like.
If it all worked, you will now have the device /dev/device-mapper/myvolume1
which you can then just use as an argument to the mount command as usual to
-mount the ntfs volume. For example:
+mount the ntfs volume. For example::
-$ mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/device-mapper/myvolume1 /mnt/myvol1
+ $ mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/device-mapper/myvolume1 /mnt/myvol1
(You need to create the directory /mnt/myvol1 first and of course you can use
anything you like instead of /mnt/myvol1 as long as it is an existing
@@ -395,18 +408,18 @@ Windows by default uses a stripe chunk size of 64k, so you probably want the
"chunk-size 64k" option for each raid-disk, too.
For example, if you have a stripe set consisting of two partitions /dev/hda5
-and /dev/hdb1 your /etc/raidtab would look like this:
+and /dev/hdb1 your /etc/raidtab would look like this::
-raiddev /dev/md0
- raid-level 0
- nr-raid-disks 2
- nr-spare-disks 0
- persistent-superblock 0
- chunk-size 64k
- device /dev/hda5
- raid-disk 0
- device /dev/hdb1
- raid-disk 1
+ raiddev /dev/md0
+ raid-level 0
+ nr-raid-disks 2
+ nr-spare-disks 0
+ persistent-superblock 0
+ chunk-size 64k
+ device /dev/hda5
+ raid-disk 0
+ device /dev/hdb1
+ raid-disk 1
For linear raid, just change the raid-level above to "raid-level linear", for
mirrors, change it to "raid-level 1", and for stripe sets with parity, change
@@ -427,7 +440,9 @@ Once the raidtab is setup, run for example raid0run -a to start all devices or
raid0run /dev/md0 to start a particular md device, in this case /dev/md0.
Then just use the mount command as usual to mount the ntfs volume using for
-example: mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/md0 /mnt/myntfsvolume
+example::
+
+ mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/md0 /mnt/myntfsvolume
It is advisable to do the mount read-only to see if the md volume has been
setup correctly to avoid the possibility of causing damage to the data on the
- Add a SPDX header; - Adjust document title; - Comment out text-only ToC; - Some whitespace fixes and new line breaks; - Mark literal blocks as such; - Add table markups; - Add it to filesystems/index.rst. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org> --- Documentation/filesystems/index.rst | 3 +- .../filesystems/{ntfs.txt => ntfs.rst} | 143 ++++++++++-------- 2 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-) rename Documentation/filesystems/{ntfs.txt => ntfs.rst} (85%)