From patchwork Tue Nov 13 13:07:28 2018 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Nadav Amit X-Patchwork-Id: 10681505 Return-Path: Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.125]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5EB8246E4 for ; Tue, 13 Nov 2018 20:40:47 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 53C9B2B564 for ; Tue, 13 Nov 2018 20:40:47 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix, from userid 486) id 47EA12B684; Tue, 13 Nov 2018 20:40:47 +0000 (UTC) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.1 (2010-03-16) on pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-6.4 required=2.0 tests=BAYES_00,DATE_IN_PAST_06_12, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_HI autolearn=unavailable version=3.3.1 Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [209.132.180.67]) by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 981382B564 for ; Tue, 13 Nov 2018 20:40:46 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728320AbeKNGkf (ORCPT ); Wed, 14 Nov 2018 01:40:35 -0500 Received: from ex13-edg-ou-002.vmware.com ([208.91.0.190]:18398 "EHLO EX13-EDG-OU-002.vmware.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1726460AbeKNGkf (ORCPT ); Wed, 14 Nov 2018 01:40:35 -0500 X-Greylist: delayed 910 seconds by postgrey-1.27 at vger.kernel.org; Wed, 14 Nov 2018 01:40:35 EST Received: from sc9-mailhost2.vmware.com (10.113.161.72) by EX13-EDG-OU-002.vmware.com (10.113.208.156) with Microsoft SMTP Server id 15.0.1156.6; Tue, 13 Nov 2018 12:25:16 -0800 Received: from sc2-haas01-esx0118.eng.vmware.com (sc2-haas01-esx0118.eng.vmware.com [10.172.44.118]) by sc9-mailhost2.vmware.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C54CEB1A5A; Tue, 13 Nov 2018 15:25:38 -0500 (EST) From: Nadav Amit To: Ingo Molnar CC: , , "H. Peter Anvin" , Thomas Gleixner , Borislav Petkov , Dave Hansen , Peter Zijlstra , , , , Nadav Amit , Andy Lutomirski , Kees Cook , Dave Hansen , "Masami Hiramatsu" Subject: [PATCH v5 08/10] x86: avoid W^X being broken during modules loading Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2018 05:07:28 -0800 Message-ID: <20181113130730.44844-9-namit@vmware.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.17.1 In-Reply-To: <20181113130730.44844-1-namit@vmware.com> References: <20181113130730.44844-1-namit@vmware.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Received-SPF: None (EX13-EDG-OU-002.vmware.com: namit@vmware.com does not designate permitted sender hosts) Sender: linux-integrity-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP When modules and BPF filters are loaded, there is a time window in which some memory is both writable and executable. An attacker that has already found another vulnerability (e.g., a dangling pointer) might be able to exploit this behavior to overwrite kernel code. This patch prevents having writable executable PTEs in this stage. In addition, avoiding having R+X mappings can also slightly simplify the patching of modules code on initialization (e.g., by alternatives and static-key), as would be done in the next patch. To avoid having W+X mappings, set them initially as RW (NX) and after they are set as RO set them as X as well. Setting them as executable is done as a separate step to avoid one core in which the old PTE is cached (hence writable), and another which sees the updated PTE (executable), which would break the W^X protection. Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Masami Hiramatsu Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit --- arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++------- arch/x86/kernel/module.c | 2 +- include/linux/filter.h | 6 ++++++ kernel/module.c | 10 ++++++++++ 4 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c index 96607ef285c3..70827332da0f 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c @@ -667,15 +667,29 @@ void __init alternative_instructions(void) * handlers seeing an inconsistent instruction while you patch. */ void *__init_or_module text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, - size_t len) + size_t len) { unsigned long flags; - local_irq_save(flags); - memcpy(addr, opcode, len); - local_irq_restore(flags); - sync_core(); - /* Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but - that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. */ + + if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NX) && + is_module_text_address((unsigned long)addr)) { + /* + * Modules text is marked initially as non-executable, so the + * code cannot be running and speculative code-fetches are + * prevented. We can just change the code. + */ + memcpy(addr, opcode, len); + } else { + local_irq_save(flags); + memcpy(addr, opcode, len); + local_irq_restore(flags); + sync_core(); + + /* + * Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but + * that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. + */ + } return addr; } diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/module.c b/arch/x86/kernel/module.c index b052e883dd8c..cfa3106faee4 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/module.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/module.c @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void *module_alloc(unsigned long size) p = __vmalloc_node_range(size, MODULE_ALIGN, MODULES_VADDR + get_module_load_offset(), MODULES_END, GFP_KERNEL, - PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC, 0, NUMA_NO_NODE, + PAGE_KERNEL, 0, NUMA_NO_NODE, __builtin_return_address(0)); if (p && (kasan_module_alloc(p, size) < 0)) { vfree(p); diff --git a/include/linux/filter.h b/include/linux/filter.h index de629b706d1d..ee9ae03c5f56 100644 --- a/include/linux/filter.h +++ b/include/linux/filter.h @@ -704,7 +704,13 @@ static inline void bpf_prog_unlock_ro(struct bpf_prog *fp) static inline void bpf_jit_binary_lock_ro(struct bpf_binary_header *hdr) { + /* + * Perform mapping changes in two stages to avoid opening a time-window + * in which a PTE is cached in any TLB as writable, but marked as + * executable in the memory-resident mappings (e.g., page-tables). + */ set_memory_ro((unsigned long)hdr, hdr->pages); + set_memory_x((unsigned long)hdr, hdr->pages); } static inline void bpf_jit_binary_unlock_ro(struct bpf_binary_header *hdr) diff --git a/kernel/module.c b/kernel/module.c index 49a405891587..7cb207249437 100644 --- a/kernel/module.c +++ b/kernel/module.c @@ -1946,9 +1946,19 @@ void module_enable_ro(const struct module *mod, bool after_init) if (!rodata_enabled) return; + /* + * Perform mapping changes in two stages to avoid opening a time-window + * in which a PTE is cached in any TLB as writable, but marked as + * executable in the memory-resident mappings (e.g., page-tables). + */ frob_text(&mod->core_layout, set_memory_ro); + frob_text(&mod->core_layout, set_memory_x); + frob_rodata(&mod->core_layout, set_memory_ro); + frob_text(&mod->init_layout, set_memory_ro); + frob_text(&mod->init_layout, set_memory_x); + frob_rodata(&mod->init_layout, set_memory_ro); if (after_init)