| Message ID | 20190605024454.1393507-1-guro@fb.com (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| Headers | show |
| Series | mm: reparent slab memory on cgroup removal | expand |
On Tue, 4 Jun 2019 19:44:44 -0700 Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> wrote: > So instead of trying to find a maybe non-existing balance, let's do reparent > the accounted slabs to the parent cgroup on cgroup removal. s/slabs/slab caches/. Take more care with the terminology, please... > There is a bonus: currently we do release empty kmem_caches on cgroup > removal, however all other are waiting for the releasing of the memory cgroup. > These refactorings allow kmem_caches to be released as soon as they > become inactive and free. Unclear. s/All other/releasing of all non-empty slab caches depends upon the releasing/ I think?
On Tue, Jun 04, 2019 at 09:14:18PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote: > On Tue, 4 Jun 2019 19:44:44 -0700 Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> wrote: > > > So instead of trying to find a maybe non-existing balance, let's do reparent > > the accounted slabs to the parent cgroup on cgroup removal. > > s/slabs/slab caches/. Take more care with the terminology, please... Slabs are effectively reparented too (what's most important, their references), but I agree, "slab caches" suits better here. > > > There is a bonus: currently we do release empty kmem_caches on cgroup > > removal, however all other are waiting for the releasing of the memory cgroup. > > These refactorings allow kmem_caches to be released as soon as they > > become inactive and free. > > Unclear. > > s/All other/releasing of all non-empty slab caches depends upon the releasing/ > > I think? > How about this? There is a bonus: currently we release all memcg kmem_caches all together with the memory cgroup itself. This patchset allows individual kmem_caches to be released as soon as they become inactive and free. -- Sorry, my bad, I was focused on patches, and didn't give enough attention to the cover letter. I hope to get some feedback from Vladimir, and then post a next version with these issues fixed. Thank you for looking into it! Roman
# Why do we need this? We've noticed that the number of dying cgroups is steadily growing on most of our hosts in production. The following investigation revealed an issue in userspace memory reclaim code [1], accounting of kernel stacks [2], and also the mainreason: slab objects. The underlying problem is quite simple: any page charged to a cgroup holds a reference to it, so the cgroup can't be reclaimed unless all charged pages are gone. If a slab object is actively used by other cgroups, it won't be reclaimed, and will prevent the origin cgroup from being reclaimed. Slab objects, and first of all vfs cache, is shared between cgroups, which are using the same underlying fs, and what's even more important, it's shared between multiple generations of the same workload. So if something is running periodically every time in a new cgroup (like how systemd works), we do accumulate multiple dying cgroups. Strictly speaking pagecache isn't different here, but there is a key difference: we disable protection and apply some extra pressure on LRUs of dying cgroups, and these LRUs contain all charged pages. My experiments show that with the disabled kernel memory accounting the number of dying cgroups stabilizes at a relatively small number (~100, depends on memory pressure and cgroup creation rate), and with kernel memory accounting it grows pretty steadily up to several thousands. Memory cgroups are quite complex and big objects (mostly due to percpu stats), so it leads to noticeable memory losses. Memory occupied by dying cgroups is measured in hundreds of megabytes. I've even seen a host with more than 100Gb of memory wasted for dying cgroups. It leads to a degradation of performance with the uptime, and generally limits the usage of cgroups. My previous attempt [3] to fix the problem by applying extra pressure on slab shrinker lists caused a regressions with xfs and ext4, and has been reverted [4]. The following attempts to find the right balance [5, 6] were not successful. So instead of trying to find a maybe non-existing balance, let's do reparent the accounted slabs to the parent cgroup on cgroup removal. # Implementation approach There is however a significant problem with reparenting of slab memory: there is no list of charged pages. Some of them are in shrinker lists, but not all. Introducing of a new list is really not an option. But fortunately there is a way forward: every slab page has a stable pointer to the corresponding kmem_cache. So the idea is to reparent kmem_caches instead of slab pages. It's actually simpler and cheaper, but requires some underlying changes: 1) Make kmem_caches to hold a single reference to the memory cgroup, instead of a separate reference per every slab page. 2) Stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for memcg slab pages and use page->kmem_cache->memcg indirection instead. It's used only on slab page release, so it shouldn't be a big issue. 3) Introduce a refcounter for non-root slab caches. It's required to be able to destroy kmem_caches when they become empty and release the associated memory cgroup. There is a bonus: currently we do release empty kmem_caches on cgroup removal, however all other are waiting for the releasing of the memory cgroup. These refactorings allow kmem_caches to be released as soon as they become inactive and free. Some additional implementation details are provided in corresponding commit messages. # Results Below is the average number of dying cgroups on two groups of our production hosts. They do run some sort of web frontend workload, the memory pressure is moderate. As we can see, with the kernel memory reparenting the number stabilizes in 60s range; however with the original version it grows almost linearly and doesn't show any signs of plateauing. The difference in slab and percpu usage between patched and unpatched versions also grows linearly. In 7 days it exceeded 200Mb. day 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 original 56 362 628 752 1070 1250 1490 1560 patched 23 46 51 55 60 57 67 69 mem diff(Mb) 22 74 123 152 164 182 214 241 # History v6: 1) split biggest patches into parts to make the review easier 2) changed synchronization around the dying flag 3) sysfs entry removal on deactivation is back 4) got rid of redundant rcu wait on kmem_cache release 5) fixed getting memcg pointer in mem_cgroup_from_kmem() 5) fixed missed smp_rmb() 6) removed redundant CONFIG_SLOB 7) some renames and cosmetic fixes v5: 1) fixed a compilation warning around missing kmemcg_queue_cache_shutdown() 2) s/rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() in memcg_kmem_get_cache() v4: 1) removed excessive memcg != parent check in memcg_deactivate_kmem_caches() 2) fixed rcu_read_lock() usage in memcg_charge_slab() 3) fixed synchronization around dying flag in kmemcg_queue_cache_shutdown() 4) refreshed test results data 5) reworked PageTail() checks in memcg_from_slab_page() 6) added some comments in multiple places v3: 1) reworked memcg kmem_cache search on allocation path 2) fixed /proc/kpagecgroup interface v2: 1) switched to percpu kmem_cache refcounter 2) a reference to kmem_cache is held during the allocation 3) slabs stats are fixed for !MEMCG case (and the refactoring is separated into a standalone patch) 4) kmem_cache reparenting is performed from deactivatation context v1: https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/4/17/1095 # Links [1]: commit 68600f623d69 ("mm: don't miss the last page because of round-off error") [2]: commit 9b6f7e163cd0 ("mm: rework memcg kernel stack accounting") [3]: commit 172b06c32b94 ("mm: slowly shrink slabs with a relatively small number of objects") [4]: commit a9a238e83fbb ("Revert "mm: slowly shrink slabs with a relatively small number of objects") [5]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/1/28/1865 [6]: https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=155064763626437&w=2 Roman Gushchin (10): mm: add missing smp read barrier on getting memcg kmem_cache pointer mm: postpone kmem_cache memcg pointer initialization to memcg_link_cache() mm: rename slab delayed deactivation functions and fields mm: generalize postponed non-root kmem_cache deactivation mm: introduce __memcg_kmem_uncharge_memcg() mm: unify SLAB and SLUB page accounting mm: synchronize access to kmem_cache dying flag using a spinlock mm: rework non-root kmem_cache lifecycle management mm: stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for slab pages mm: reparent slab memory on cgroup removal include/linux/memcontrol.h | 10 +++ include/linux/slab.h | 13 +-- mm/list_lru.c | 11 ++- mm/memcontrol.c | 102 +++++++++++++++------- mm/slab.c | 25 ++---- mm/slab.h | 140 +++++++++++++++++++++--------- mm/slab_common.c | 170 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- mm/slub.c | 24 +----- 8 files changed, 312 insertions(+), 183 deletions(-)