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Tue, 15 Feb 2022 14:37:44 +0000 Received: from SN6PR10MB3022.namprd10.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::899e:951a:8129:8ef1]) by SN6PR10MB3022.namprd10.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::899e:951a:8129:8ef1%4]) with mapi id 15.20.4975.019; Tue, 15 Feb 2022 14:37:44 +0000 From: Liam Howlett To: "maple-tree@lists.infradead.org" , "linux-mm@kvack.org" , "linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org" , Andrew Morton Subject: [PATCH v6 00/71] Introducing the Maple Tree Thread-Topic: [PATCH v6 00/71] Introducing the Maple Tree Thread-Index: AQHYInmXxzMTjmF25U+e/3QAVwcn6A== Date: Tue, 15 Feb 2022 14:37:44 +0000 Message-ID: <20220215143728.3810954-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Accept-Language: en-US Content-Language: en-US X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: x-mailer: git-send-email 2.34.1 x-ms-publictraffictype: Email x-ms-office365-filtering-correlation-id: 1c5985b2-b9a3-412d-4ce6-08d9f090ba68 x-ms-traffictypediagnostic: CH0PR10MB4873:EE_ x-microsoft-antispam-prvs: x-ms-oob-tlc-oobclassifiers: OLM:9508; x-ms-exchange-senderadcheck: 1 x-ms-exchange-antispam-relay: 0 x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0; 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dkim=pass header.d=oracle.com header.s=corp-2021-07-09 header.b=lkJKotTU; dkim=pass header.d=oracle.onmicrosoft.com header.s=selector2-oracle-onmicrosoft-com header.b=yDMfhY0m; spf=none (imf10.hostedemail.com: domain of liam.howlett@oracle.com has no SPF policy when checking 205.220.165.32) smtp.mailfrom=liam.howlett@oracle.com; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=oracle.com X-Stat-Signature: 7rnz8hjanw1apiciwu6xrk3cj74asnys X-Rspamd-Server: rspam11 X-HE-Tag: 1644935869-999776 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: The maple tree is an RCU-safe range based B-tree designed to use modern processor cache efficiently. There are a number of places in the kernel that a non-overlapping range-based tree would be beneficial, especially one with a simple interface. The first user that is covered in this patch set is the vm_area_struct, where three data structures are replaced by the maple tree: the augmented rbtree, the vma cache, and the linked list of VMAs in the mm_struct. The long term goal is to reduce or remove the mmap_sem contention. The tree has a branching factor of 10 for non-leaf nodes and 16 for leaf nodes. With the increased branching factor, it is significantly shorter than the rbtree so it has fewer cache misses. The removal of the linked list between subsequent entries also reduces the cache misses and the need to pull in the previous and next VMA during many tree alterations. This patch is based on v5.17-rc4 git: https://github.com/oracle/linux-uek/tree/howlett/maple/20220214 v6 changes: - Added patch for xarray testcode which should be dropped for upstream fix. - Thanks Matthew Wilcox - Fixed issue with maple state index/last setting when the tree is just a pointer - Thanks David Howells - Changed internal RCU handling to not check flags more than once - Fixed mas_prev() underflow issue - Thanks David Howells - Fixed returns on mas_prev()/mas_next() when there is only a value at 0 index - Thanks David Howells - Fixed mas_find_rev() running past minimum value - Thanks David Howells - Fixed testing code function rename - Thanks Mark Hemment - Reworked brk() and vm_brk_flags() as suggested - Thanks Vlastimil Babka - Documentation fixes - Thanks Mike Rapoport - Separated test code from tree code - Thanks Vlastimil Babka - Moved maple_tree_init() call into the maple tree patch for other users - Thanks David Howells - Fixed copyright date - Thanks Mike Rapoport - Whitespace fixes in comments, reduced changes in other locations. - Added missing kdocs - Thanks Mike Rapoport - Fixed exit_mmap comment - Thanks Mark Hemment - Removed RCU tracking as there is an issue with atomic increments of mmget() - Thanks Mark Hemment for initial issue report that allowed me to discover this. RCU was not being used, so it is disabled for VMA tracking for now. - Removed unnecessary assignment in mtree_range_walk() - Thanks JaeJoon Jung - Dropped ma_xa_benchmark from testing Makefile - Thanks JaeJoon Jung - Fixed leaf gap calculation in rare case of underflow - Fixed mmap_region() bug on merging of prev - Fixed mmap_region() bug on khugepaged_enter_vma_merge() - Added test cases for mas_find_rev(), mas_prev(), mas_next, and mas_root_expand() to test suite. - Updated config options and ifdefs to allow other maple tree users to debug maple tree without debugging the VM maple tree. v5: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220203172051.i2jnhnkudzssdsxg@revolver/T/ v4: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20211201142918.921493-30-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com/t/ v3: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20211005012959.1110504-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com/ v2: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20210817154651.1570984-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com/ v1: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20210428153542.2814175-1-Liam.Howlett@Oracle.com/ Performance on a 144 core x86: It is important to note that the code is still using the mmap_sem, the performance seems fairly similar on real-world workloads, while there are variations in micro-benchmarks. kernbench, increased system time, less user time: Amean user-2 885.34 ( 0.00%) 886.07 * -0.08%* Amean syst-2 161.95 ( 0.00%) 168.19 * -3.85%* Amean elsp-2 530.06 ( 0.00%) 532.96 * -0.55%* Amean user-4 908.58 ( 0.00%) 908.88 * -0.03%* Amean syst-4 167.56 ( 0.00%) 173.72 * -3.68%* Amean elsp-4 277.21 ( 0.00%) 277.38 * -0.06%* Amean user-8 961.84 ( 0.00%) 962.45 * -0.06%* Amean syst-8 176.40 ( 0.00%) 183.43 * -3.99%* Amean elsp-8 150.59 ( 0.00%) 151.21 * -0.41%* Amean user-16 1040.15 ( 0.00%) 1039.89 * 0.02%* Amean syst-16 188.19 ( 0.00%) 193.81 * -2.99%* Amean elsp-16 86.85 ( 0.00%) 86.32 * 0.61%* Amean user-32 1240.46 ( 0.00%) 1233.93 * 0.53%* Amean syst-32 217.15 ( 0.00%) 222.99 * -2.69%* Amean elsp-32 55.16 ( 0.00%) 55.09 * 0.12%* Amean user-64 1241.17 ( 0.00%) 1234.26 * 0.56%* Amean syst-64 215.11 ( 0.00%) 220.76 * -2.63%* Amean elsp-64 32.88 ( 0.00%) 33.72 * -2.57%* Amean user-128 1613.09 ( 0.00%) 1609.63 * 0.21%* Amean syst-128 267.10 ( 0.00%) 276.72 * -3.60%* Amean elsp-128 25.80 ( 0.00%) 26.09 * -1.10%* Mixed Hmean results: - freqmine-medium -3.50% to +12.82% - malloc1-processes: -14.50% to +6.53% - signal1-processes -1.87% to +14.02% - page_fault3-threads -6.46% to +26.15% - pthread_mutex1-threads -16.81% to +28.63% Decrease in performance in the following micro-benchmarks in Hmean: - brk1-processes -37.42% to -44.16% - malloc1-threads -18.27% to -23.08% Modifications are more expensive so the micro-benchmarks that write but do not use the data will be negatively affected. Patch organization: Patch 1 is to add a missing lock to avoid an assert issue when using a vma iterator. Patch 2 is an xarray fix due to bitmap header changes which will be dropped for a pending upstream fix. Patches 3 to 7 are radix tree test suite additions for maple tree support. Patch 8 adds the maple tree. Patch 9 adds the maple tree test code. Patches 10-19 are the removal of the rbtree from the mm_struct. This now includes the introduction of the vma iterator. Patch 20 optimizes __vma_adjust() for the maple tree. Patches 21-27 are the removal of the vmacache from the kernel. Patches 28-31 are internal mm changes for efficiencies. Patches 32-69 are the removal of the linked list Patches 70 and 71 are a small cleanup from the removal of the vma linked list. Liam R. Howlett (61): xarray: Fix bitmap breakage radix tree test suite: Add pr_err define radix tree test suite: Add kmem_cache_set_non_kernel() radix tree test suite: Add allocation counts and size to kmem_cache radix tree test suite: Add support for slab bulk APIs radix tree test suite: Add lockdep_is_held to header Maple Tree: Add new data structure lib/test_maple_tree: Add testing for maple tree mm: Start tracking VMAs with maple tree mm/mmap: Use the maple tree in find_vma() instead of the rbtree. mm/mmap: Use the maple tree for find_vma_prev() instead of the rbtree mm/mmap: Use maple tree for unmapped_area{_topdown} kernel/fork: Use maple tree for dup_mmap() during forking mm: Remove rb tree. mmap: Change zeroing of maple tree in __vma_adjust() xen: Use vma_lookup() in privcmd_ioctl_mmap() mm: Optimize find_exact_vma() to use vma_lookup() mm/khugepaged: Optimize collapse_pte_mapped_thp() by using vma_lookup() mm/mmap: Change do_brk_flags() to expand existing VMA and add do_brk_munmap() mm: Use maple tree operations for find_vma_intersection() mm/mmap: Use advanced maple tree API for mmap_region() mm: Remove vmacache mm/mmap: Move mmap_region() below do_munmap() mm/mmap: Reorganize munmap to use maple states mm/mmap: Change do_brk_munmap() to use do_mas_align_munmap() arm64: Remove mmap linked list from vdso parisc: Remove mmap linked list from cache handling powerpc: Remove mmap linked list walks s390: Remove vma linked list walks x86: Remove vma linked list walks xtensa: Remove vma linked list walks cxl: Remove vma linked list walk optee: Remove vma linked list walk um: Remove vma linked list walk binfmt_elf: Remove vma linked list walk exec: Use VMA iterator instead of linked list fs/proc/base: Use maple tree iterators in place of linked list userfaultfd: Use maple tree iterator to iterate VMAs ipc/shm: Use VMA iterator instead of linked list acct: Use VMA iterator instead of linked list perf: Use VMA iterator sched: Use maple tree iterator to walk VMAs fork: Use VMA iterator bpf: Remove VMA linked list mm/gup: Use maple tree navigation instead of linked list mm/khugepaged: Stop using vma linked list mm/ksm: Use vma iterators instead of vma linked list mm/madvise: Use vma_find() instead of vma linked list mm/memcontrol: Stop using mm->highest_vm_end mm/mempolicy: Use vma iterator & maple state instead of vma linked list mm/mlock: Use vma iterator and instead of vma linked list mm/mprotect: Use maple tree navigation instead of vma linked list mm/mremap: Use vma_find_intersection() instead of vma linked list mm/msync: Use vma_find() instead of vma linked list mm/oom_kill: Use maple tree iterators instead of vma linked list mm/pagewalk: Use vma_find() instead of vma linked list mm/swapfile: Use vma iterator instead of vma linked list riscv: Use vma iterator for vdso mm: Remove the vma linked list mm/mmap: Drop range_has_overlap() function mm/mmap.c: Pass in mapping to __vma_link_file() Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) (10): binfmt_elf: Take the mmap lock when walking the VMA list mm: Add VMA iterator mmap: Use the VMA iterator in count_vma_pages_range() damon: Convert __damon_va_three_regions to use the VMA iterator proc: Remove VMA rbtree use from nommu mm: Convert vma_lookup() to use mtree_load() coredump: Remove vma linked list walk fs/proc/task_mmu: Stop using linked list and highest_vm_end i915: Use the VMA iterator nommu: Remove uses of VMA linked list Documentation/core-api/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/core-api/maple_tree.rst | 218 + MAINTAINERS | 12 + arch/arm64/kernel/vdso.c | 3 +- arch/parisc/kernel/cache.c | 9 +- arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso.c | 6 +- arch/powerpc/mm/book3s32/tlb.c | 11 +- arch/powerpc/mm/book3s64/subpage_prot.c | 13 +- arch/riscv/kernel/vdso.c | 3 +- arch/s390/kernel/vdso.c | 3 +- arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 6 +- arch/um/kernel/tlb.c | 14 +- arch/x86/entry/vdso/vma.c | 9 +- arch/x86/kernel/tboot.c | 2 +- arch/xtensa/kernel/syscall.c | 18 +- drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_userptr.c | 14 +- drivers/misc/cxl/fault.c | 45 +- drivers/tee/optee/call.c | 18 +- drivers/xen/privcmd.c | 2 +- fs/binfmt_elf.c | 6 +- fs/coredump.c | 33 +- fs/exec.c | 12 +- fs/proc/base.c | 5 +- fs/proc/internal.h | 2 +- fs/proc/task_mmu.c | 74 +- fs/proc/task_nommu.c | 45 +- fs/userfaultfd.c | 49 +- include/linux/maple_tree.h | 683 + include/linux/mm.h | 77 +- include/linux/mm_types.h | 43 +- include/linux/mm_types_task.h | 12 - include/linux/sched.h | 1 - include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h | 7 +- include/linux/vm_event_item.h | 4 - include/linux/vmacache.h | 28 - include/linux/vmstat.h | 6 - include/linux/xarray.h | 1 + include/trace/events/maple_tree.h | 123 + include/trace/events/mmap.h | 71 + init/main.c | 2 + ipc/shm.c | 21 +- kernel/acct.c | 11 +- kernel/bpf/task_iter.c | 10 +- kernel/debug/debug_core.c | 12 - kernel/events/core.c | 3 +- kernel/events/uprobes.c | 9 +- kernel/fork.c | 58 +- kernel/sched/fair.c | 10 +- lib/Kconfig.debug | 18 +- lib/Makefile | 3 +- lib/maple_tree.c | 6967 +++ lib/test_maple_tree.c | 37398 ++++++++++++++++ mm/Makefile | 2 +- mm/damon/vaddr-test.h | 37 +- mm/damon/vaddr.c | 53 +- mm/debug.c | 14 +- mm/gup.c | 9 +- mm/huge_memory.c | 4 +- mm/init-mm.c | 4 +- mm/internal.h | 78 +- mm/khugepaged.c | 13 +- mm/ksm.c | 18 +- mm/madvise.c | 2 +- mm/memcontrol.c | 6 +- mm/memory.c | 33 +- mm/mempolicy.c | 58 +- mm/mlock.c | 34 +- mm/mmap.c | 2086 +- mm/mprotect.c | 7 +- mm/mremap.c | 22 +- mm/msync.c | 2 +- mm/nommu.c | 127 +- mm/oom_kill.c | 3 +- mm/pagewalk.c | 2 +- mm/swapfile.c | 4 +- mm/util.c | 32 - mm/vmacache.c | 117 - mm/vmstat.c | 4 - tools/testing/radix-tree/.gitignore | 2 + tools/testing/radix-tree/Makefile | 9 +- tools/testing/radix-tree/generated/autoconf.h | 1 + tools/testing/radix-tree/linux.c | 160 +- tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/kernel.h | 1 + tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/lockdep.h | 2 + tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/maple_tree.h | 7 + tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/slab.h | 4 + tools/testing/radix-tree/maple.c | 59 + .../radix-tree/trace/events/maple_tree.h | 3 + 89 files changed, 47390 insertions(+), 1842 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/core-api/maple_tree.rst create mode 100644 include/linux/maple_tree.h delete mode 100644 include/linux/vmacache.h create mode 100644 include/trace/events/maple_tree.h create mode 100644 lib/maple_tree.c create mode 100644 lib/test_maple_tree.c delete mode 100644 mm/vmacache.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/radix-tree/linux/maple_tree.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/radix-tree/maple.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/radix-tree/trace/events/maple_tree.h