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Tue, 14 May 2024 14:05:01 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1715695505; bh=vWD0ovFiRllts29Px0UYaBuDJVqdTXuD1sCxL0AtQiU=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:From; b=IeU775cxWUq6Ff2jYBrz1fY/qpA3rlsD2LpXwXJVs2CWriqNzxtqWnrwlllqwpehG DS5YAoD+0P67s+cz9lOE0A9i5GfCCgKKdZVlHQ0FnrVg39cQRpzl19XoYmdP9fDlts NdcHl1Effw0mxgV1KNEB5CNPOXCsMDV7SY4JnT3betckAp6Ur4EF5P6A04lJ84Magv 4lfLitICt/+e8+VP3yhrfJW2JOaheJ5R4ryZ6vzJm+d6m/XQ0nZim82j16JgfFs8Db IZdHC5oMeEZ0Ul26L14T0WcsjHupn7VcW6+vKK76+aO12P5vJs/NGgLsnplZ4A1wKF xKTjWndDhbrAA== From: =?utf-8?b?QmrDtnJuIFTDtnBlbA==?= To: Alexandre Ghiti , Albert Ou , David Hildenbrand , Palmer Dabbelt , Paul Walmsley , linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org Cc: =?utf-8?b?QmrDtnJuIFTDtnBlbA==?= , Andrew Bresticker , Chethan Seshadri , Lorenzo Stoakes , Oscar Salvador , Santosh Mamila , Sivakumar Munnangi , Sunil V L , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Subject: [PATCH v2 0/8] riscv: Memory Hot(Un)Plug support Date: Tue, 14 May 2024 16:04:38 +0200 Message-Id: <20240514140446.538622-1-bjorn@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.40.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 2C4842000C X-Stat-Signature: tpnua567br57sm5cw37x7sys6rfx9tgy X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Server: rspam08 X-HE-Tag: 1715695507-531277 X-HE-Meta: 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 ekrasnz0 BqpTPVB/SVNw/2gDIyfzPbtwv1dstKQ9rXG13Dk4/f8Ta2jWKCc6y/VUoOkMl0wiQewMQ69tvUhq0obFhD2HvAVO9M0AyyUQXoVl6IhEOvyKhePt9lX+C41q6mgp2mphMapvxfoa+rp9Z3Hb7B8cOSl113/tl9JOtXurzFtIsnQGFMHZfZyvdlrHYyaTeFiLfewVDMU+9NIr0PtWnuPM4zjvZVVklfcK5EiIGH+3Fvyl6GRemwspOEwpCU544qIDTciALVlYzeQzTgQs/VPzElJKC8pMNhAGNR70yk3ISlMpioB2kx+DzAeEKNqx34UwUa9/A7iJBDe5WhTCHmNAy29/LFphY3ZCiLPQBrlAX/rISW9QrpwrNLnVSS8WZfO9U5XeM0ZFgVn8rCrRGWAWTaGhGE2zx1b7sMriViJOKi1xKe2kD2Hn6oRqAVxYKAUnRzg90d2Y2CLqRfMwHwernOpdXzepk1bZUIb9Xjnlt/QyjfNc= X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: From: Björn Töpel ================================================================ Memory Hot(Un)Plug support (and ZONE_DEVICE) for the RISC-V port ================================================================ Introduction ============ To quote "Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst": "Memory hot(un)plug allows for increasing and decreasing the size of physical memory available to a machine at runtime." This series adds memory hot(un)plugging, and ZONE_DEVICE support for the RISC-V Linux port. I'm sending this series while LSF/MM/BPF is on-going, and with some luck some MM person can review the series while zoning out on a talk. ;-) MM configuration ================ RISC-V MM has the following configuration: * Memory blocks are 128M, analogous to x86-64. It uses PMD ("hugepage") vmemmaps. From that follows that 2M (PMD) worth of vmemmap spans 32768 pages á 4K which gets us 128M. * The pageblock size is the minimum minimum virtio_mem size, and on RISC-V it's 2M (2^9 * 4K). Implementation ============== The PGD table on RISC-V is shared/copied between for all processes. To avoid doing page table synchronization, the first patch (patch 1) pre-allocated the PGD entries for vmemmap/direct map. By doing that the init_mm PGD will be fixed at kernel init, and synchronization can be avoided all together. The following two patches (patch 2-3) does some preparations, followed by the actual MHP implementation (patch 4-5). Then, MHP and virtio-mem are enabled (patch 6-7), and finally ZONE_DEVICE support is added (patch 8). MHP and locking =============== TL;DR: The MHP does not step on any toes, except for ptdump. Additional locking is required for ptdump. Long version: For v2 I spent some time digging into init_mm synchronization/update. Here are my findings, and I'd love them to be corrected if incorrect. It's been a gnarly path... The `init_mm` structure is a special mm (perhaps not a "real" one). It's a "lazy context" that tracks kernel page table resources, e.g., the kernel page table (swapper_pg_dir), a kernel page_table_lock (more about the usage below), mmap_lock, and such. `init_mm` does not track/contain any VMAs. Having the `init_mm` is convenient, so that the regular kernel page table walk/modify functions can be used. Now, `init_mm` being special means that the locking for kernel page tables are special as well. On RISC-V the PGD (top-level page table structure), similar to x86, is shared (copied) with user processes. If the kernel PGD is modified, it has to be synched to user-mode processes PGDs. This is avoided by pre-populating the PGD, so it'll be fixed from boot. The in-kernel pgd regions are documented in `Documentation/arch/riscv/vm-layout.rst`. The distinct regions are: * vmemmap * vmalloc/ioremap space * direct mapping of all physical memory * kasan * modules, BPF * kernel Memory hotplug is the process of adding/removing memory to/from the kernel. Adding is done in two phases: 1. Add the memory to the kernel 2. Online memory, making it available to the page allocator. Step 1 is partially architecture dependent, and updates the init_mm page table: * Update the direct map page tables. The direct map is a linear map, representing all physical memory: `virt = phys + PAGE_OFFSET` * Add a `struct page` for each added page of memory. Update the vmemmap (virtual mapping to the `struct page`, so we can easily transform a kernel virtual address to a `struct page *` address. From an MHP perspective, there are two regions of the PGD that are updated: * vmemmap * direct mapping of all physical memory The `struct mm_struct` has a couple of locks in play: * `spinlock_t page_table_lock` protects the page table, and some counters * `struct rw_semaphore mmap_lock` protect an mm's VMAs Note again that `init_mm` does not contain any VMAs, but still uses the mmap_lock in some places. The `page_table_lock` was originally used to to protect all pages tables, but more recently a split page table lock has been introduced. The split lock has a per-table lock for the PTE and PMD tables. If split lock is disabled, all tables are guarded by `mm->page_table_lock` (for user processes). Split page table locks are not used for init_mm. MHP operations is typically synchronized using `DEFINE_STATIC_PERCPU_RWSEM(mem_hotplug_lock)`. Actors ------ The following non-MHP actors in the kernel traverses (read), and/or modifies the kernel PGD. * `ptdump` Walks the entire `init_mm`, via `ptdump_walk_pgd()` with the `mmap_write_lock(init_mm)` taken. Observation: ptdump can race with MHP, and needs additional locking to avoid crashes/races. * `set_direct_*` / `arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c` The `set_direct_*` functionality is used to "synchronize" the direct map to other kernel mappings, e.g. modules/kernel text. The direct map is using "as large huge table mappings as possible", which means that the `set_direct_*` might need to split the direct map. The `set_direct_*` functions operates with the `mmap_write_lock(init_mm)` taken. Observation: `set_direct_*` uses the direct map, but will never modify the same entry as MHP. If there is a mapping, that entry will never race with MHP. Further, MHP acts when memory is offline. * HVO / `mm/hugetlb_vmemmap` HVO optimizes the backing `struct page` for hugetlb pages, which means changing the "vmemmap" region. HVO can split (merge?) a vmemmap pmd. However, it will never race with MHP, since HVO only operates at online memory. HVO cannot touch memory being MHP added or removed. * `apply_to_page_range` Walks a range, creates pages and applies a callback (setting permissions) for the page. When creating a table, it might use `int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd)` which takes the `init_mm.page_table_lock` to synchronize pmd populate. Used by: `mm/vmalloc.c` and `mm/kasan/shadow.c`. The KASAN callback takes the `init_mm.page_table_lock` to synchronize pte creation. Observations: `apply_to_page_range` applies to the "vmalloc/ioremap space" region, and "kasan" region. *Not* affected by MHP. * `apply_to_existing_page_range` Walks a range, applies a callback (setting permissions) for the page (no page creation). Used by: `kernel/bpf/arena.c` and `mm/kasan/shadow.c`. The KASAN callback takes the `init_mm.page_table_lock` to synchronize pte creation. *Not* affected by MHP regions. * `apply_to_existing_page_range` applies to the "vmalloc/ioremap space" region, and "kasan" region. *Not* affected by MHP regions. * `ioremap_page_range` and `vmap_page_range` Uses the same internal function, and might create table entries at the "vmalloc/ioremap space" region. Can call `__pte_alloc_kernel()` which takes the `init_mm.page_table_lock` synchronizing pmd populate in the region. *Not* affected by MHP regions. Summary: * MHP add will never modify the same page table entries, as any of the other actors. * MHP remove is done when memory is offlined, and will not clash with any of the actors. * Functions that walk the entire kernel page table need synchronization * It's sufficient to add the MHP lock ptdump. Testing ======= This series adds basic DT supported hotplugging. There is a QEMU patch enabling MHP for the RISC-V "virt" machine here: [1] ACPI/MSI support is still in the making for RISC-V, and prior proper (ACPI) PCI MSI support lands [2] and NUMA SRAT support [3], it hard to try it out. I've prepared a QEMU branch with proper ACPI GED/PC-DIMM support [4], and a this series with the required prerequisites [5] (AIA, ACPI AIA MADT, ACPI NUMA SRAT). To test with virtio-mem, e.g.: | qemu-system-riscv64 \ | -machine virt,aia=aplic-imsic \ | -cpu rv64,v=true,vlen=256,elen=64,h=true,zbkb=on,zbkc=on,zbkx=on,zkr=on,zkt=on,svinval=on,svnapot=on,svpbmt=on \ | -nodefaults \ | -nographic -smp 8 -kernel rv64-u-boot.bin \ | -drive file=rootfs.img,format=raw,if=virtio \ | -device virtio-rng-pci \ | -m 16G,slots=3,maxmem=32G \ | -object memory-backend-ram,id=mem0,size=16G \ | -numa node,nodeid=0,memdev=mem0 \ | -serial chardev:char0 \ | -mon chardev=char0,mode=readline \ | -chardev stdio,mux=on,id=char0 \ | -device pci-serial,id=serial0,chardev=char0 \ | -object memory-backend-ram,id=vmem0,size=2G \ | -device virtio-mem-pci,id=vm0,memdev=vmem0,node=0 In the QEMU monitor: | (qemu) info memory-devices | (qemu) qom-set vm0 requested-size 1G ...to test DAX/KMEM, use the follow QEMU parameters: | -object memory-backend-file,id=mem1,share=on,mem-path=virtio_pmem.img,size=4G \ | -device virtio-pmem-pci,memdev=mem1,id=nv1 and the regular ndctl/daxctl dance. If you're brave to try the ACPI branch, add "acpi=on" to "-machine virt", and test PC-DIMM MHP (in addition to virtio-{p},mem): In the QEMU monitor: | (qemu) object_add memory-backend-ram,id=mem1,size=1G | (qemu) device_add pc-dimm,id=dimm1,memdev=mem1 where "rv64-u-boot.bin" is U-boot with EFI/ACPI-support (use [6] if you're lazy). Remove "acpi=on" to run with DT. * Enable virtio-mem for RISC-V * Add proper hotplug support for virtio-mem Thanks to Alex, David, and Andrew for all comments/tests/fixups. Changelog ========= v1->v2: * Reviewed a lot of MHP locking scenarios * Various config build issues (e.g. build !CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG) (Andrew) * Added arch_get_mappable_range() implementation * Acquire MHP lock for ptdump, analogous to arm64 * ACPI MHP tests * Add ZONE_DEVICE patch References ========== [1] https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/20240514110615.399065-1-bjorn@kernel.org/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20240501121742.1215792-1-sunilvl@ventanamicro.com/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/cover.1713778236.git.haibo1.xu@intel.com/ [4] https://github.com/bjoto/qemu/commits/virtio-mem-pc-dimm-mhp-acpi/ [5] https://github.com/bjoto/linux/commits/mhp-v2-next-acpi/ [6] https://github.com/bjoto/riscv-rootfs-utils/tree/acpi Thanks, Björn Björn Töpel (8): riscv: mm: Pre-allocate vmemmap/direct map PGD entries riscv: mm: Change attribute from __init to __meminit for page functions riscv: mm: Refactor create_linear_mapping_range() for memory hot add riscv: mm: Add memory hotplugging support riscv: mm: Take memory hotplug read-lock during kernel page table dump riscv: Enable memory hotplugging for RISC-V virtio-mem: Enable virtio-mem for RISC-V riscv: mm: Add support for ZONE_DEVICE arch/riscv/Kconfig | 3 + arch/riscv/include/asm/kasan.h | 4 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu.h | 4 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable-64.h | 20 ++ arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h | 1 + arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h | 17 +- arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 320 ++++++++++++++++++++++---- arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c | 3 + drivers/virtio/Kconfig | 2 +- 9 files changed, 328 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-) base-commit: 0a16a172879012c42f55ae8c2883e17c1e4e388f