From patchwork Mon May 18 10:00:15 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: SeongJae Park X-Patchwork-Id: 11555167 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C853C138A for ; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:11:20 +0000 (UTC) Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A68720709 for ; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:11:20 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (1024-bit key) header.d=amazon.com header.i=@amazon.com header.b="Jj6Hp4HP" DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org 3A68720709 Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=quarantine dis=none) header.from=amazon.com Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 063B180006; Mon, 18 May 2020 06:11:19 -0400 (EDT) Delivered-To: linux-mm-outgoing@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 03D29900002; Mon, 18 May 2020 06:11:18 -0400 (EDT) X-Original-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id DCF6D80006; Mon, 18 May 2020 06:11:18 -0400 (EDT) X-Original-To: linux-mm@kvack.org X-Delivered-To: linux-mm@kvack.org Received: from forelay.hostedemail.com (smtprelay0197.hostedemail.com [216.40.44.197]) by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2BFC6900002 for ; Mon, 18 May 2020 06:11:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtpin13.hostedemail.com (10.5.19.251.rfc1918.com [10.5.19.251]) by forelay02.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D203633CD for ; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:11:16 +0000 (UTC) X-FDA: 76829422152.13.home62_62541a1a8721a X-Spam-Summary: 1,0,0,,d41d8cd98f00b204,prvs=400471693=sjpark@amazon.com,,RULES_HIT:30003:30005:30007:30012:30017:30034:30044:30045:30046:30051:30054:30055:30056:30064:30070:30074:30075:30080:30090:30091,0,RBL:207.171.184.25:@amazon.com:.lbl8.mailshell.net-62.18.0.100 66.10.201.10,CacheIP:none,Bayesian:0.5,0.5,0.5,Netcheck:none,DomainCache:0,MSF:not bulk,SPF:fp,MSBL:0,DNSBL:none,Custom_rules:0:0:0,LFtime:23,LUA_SUMMARY:none X-HE-Tag: home62_62541a1a8721a X-Filterd-Recvd-Size: 162853 Received: from smtp-fw-9101.amazon.com (smtp-fw-9101.amazon.com [207.171.184.25]) by imf37.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP for ; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:11:15 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=amazon.com; i=@amazon.com; q=dns/txt; s=amazon201209; t=1589796676; x=1621332676; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to: references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=vDuzC2tinVn6eI3S7T+0bY8yLHQ4/FtC8HrrDdcIqqo=; b=Jj6Hp4HPXyZSDHxGdzOqZMDQKwFY6X0bqbYWU1PwHZRFdG9wRa83rIIT q+RAW3Kd2aTbAkBJFezrIj9t0U7VDhNIM0YKXHQUYRDKbBlHo+fXATDJZ 4H7F5Bcmkt+3bO3776yco5kDT9z9P3c1VX/tFchFftJJEjYPAPfxZQQrV k=; IronPort-SDR: QDirWhXoGTtduTlOtlC0PamZ5ov4JIJHvJ21shkwYabaVV2xZjDqCPHs1alTuFlO54ljeLS2CS bD25Z2ezCRgw== X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.73,406,1583193600"; d="scan'208";a="35726394" Received: from sea32-co-svc-lb4-vlan3.sea.corp.amazon.com (HELO email-inbound-relay-1e-62350142.us-east-1.amazon.com) ([10.47.23.38]) by smtp-border-fw-out-9101.sea19.amazon.com with ESMTP; 18 May 2020 10:11:11 +0000 Received: from EX13MTAUEA002.ant.amazon.com (iad55-ws-svc-p15-lb9-vlan3.iad.amazon.com [10.40.159.166]) by email-inbound-relay-1e-62350142.us-east-1.amazon.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CB507A21D3; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:10:58 +0000 (UTC) Received: from EX13D31EUA001.ant.amazon.com (10.43.165.15) by EX13MTAUEA002.ant.amazon.com (10.43.61.77) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.2; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:10:52 +0000 Received: from u886c93fd17d25d.ant.amazon.com (10.43.160.90) by EX13D31EUA001.ant.amazon.com (10.43.165.15) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.2; Mon, 18 May 2020 10:10:08 +0000 From: SeongJae Park To: CC: SeongJae Park , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Subject: [PATCH v12 13/16] Documentation/admin-guide/mm: Add a document for DAMON Date: Mon, 18 May 2020 12:00:15 +0200 Message-ID: <20200518100018.2293-14-sjpark@amazon.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.17.1 In-Reply-To: <20200518100018.2293-1-sjpark@amazon.com> References: <20200518100018.2293-1-sjpark@amazon.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Originating-IP: [10.43.160.90] X-ClientProxiedBy: EX13D04UWA003.ant.amazon.com (10.43.160.212) To EX13D31EUA001.ant.amazon.com (10.43.165.15) X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: From: SeongJae Park This commit adds a simple document for DAMON under `Documentation/admin-guide/mm`. Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park --- Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst | 9 + .../admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png | Bin 0 -> 8366 bytes .../admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_change.png | Bin 0 -> 7211 bytes .../admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_dist.png | Bin 0 -> 6173 bytes Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst | 39 +++ .../admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_heatmap.png | Bin 0 -> 8687 bytes .../admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_wss_sz.png | Bin 0 -> 4986 bytes .../mm/damon/freqmine_wss_time.png | Bin 0 -> 6283 bytes Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/guide.rst | 196 +++++++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/index.rst | 50 +++ .../admin-guide/mm/damon/mechanisms.rst | 111 +++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst | 49 +++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst | 119 +++++++ .../mm/damon/streamcluster_heatmap.png | Bin 0 -> 37916 bytes .../mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_sz.png | Bin 0 -> 5522 bytes .../mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_time.png | Bin 0 -> 6322 bytes Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst | 305 ++++++++++++++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/index.rst | 176 +--------- 19 files changed, 887 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_change.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_dist.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_heatmap.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_wss_sz.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_wss_time.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/guide.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/index.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/mechanisms.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/streamcluster_heatmap.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_sz.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_time.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2249d2116b39 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============= +API Reference +============= + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/damon.h + +.. kernel-doc:: mm/damon.c diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff485f9f59ca2717f5221b2824eaaed616b22c0e GIT binary patch literal 8366 zcmZu$2|QHa+rRfV!ysEip^VCs>|`m+$Wmj^E^B2;mZWTDxsghevSl~P8nW-(s3>cp zvW01}Wt+&p%zH<_|Nr;CZ_Q`SxaXYbe4p)n&+`ywpm&;)o{Js;07m>7bwdDvU;qF~ zm|e&S#4Pd&0CoWeI>s6l3I!P<5D3&SA^^Y?B0vG==7>1p?OQ0}wR89{CJ96n;o7+-&DLeE)tAL=^z&yxTPm zP*tP=UEP$u(Uc$qG7M8RfOXh&D((h({6T%COVu5QrKQgV7)!|n=7Q&9fZk!k@FN49 ziHkVA7l8Nfg>lFmhV6*39R;T9kE0Nfw;hGxK_L<;h&>cyXJsmxLMBvnHc^^7iADYt z9D#yuXlOvJ+Y8Vi0QMdR4hjK6qJWeXpePGyDggRQfCUb?pa!^T0@v|CfDUj+4|sSM zcwz*knF3knz>9NWxiwg43%)uJwq69^Ie;IXz(Hql)CK(R22EapX0AeHPiXNvwCoM7 z`tI8B+qHRf*H*x;?LZU-Mp15|C?V+WQ1sRv^u|4!^)Q;1aN4B@vyV^gNCE*;AIJbk^u+toJka1ZT1NW$*RK 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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +========================== +Frequently Asked Questions +========================== + +Why a new module, instead of extending perf or other user space tools? +====================================================================== + +First, because it needs to be lightweight as much as possible so that it can be +used online, any unnecessary overhead such as kernel - user space context +switching cost should be avoided. Second, DAMON aims to be used by other +programs including the kernel. Therefore, having a dependency on specific +tools like perf is not desirable. These are the two biggest reasons why DAMON +is implemented in the kernel space. + + +Can 'idle pages tracking' or 'perf mem' substitute DAMON? +========================================================= + +Idle page tracking is a low level primitive for access check of each physical +page frame. 'perf mem' is similar, though it can use sampling to minimize the +overhead. DAMON is a higher-level framework for access patterns of data objects +that focused on memory management optimization and providing sophisticated +features for that including the overhead handling. Therefore, 'idle pages +tracking' and 'perf mem' could provide a subset of DAMON's output, but cannot +substitute DAMON. Rather than that, DAMON could use those as it's low-level +primitives. + + +Does DAMON support virtual memory only? +======================================== + +For now, yes. But, DAMON will be able to support various address spaces +including physical memory in near future. An RFC patchset [1]_ for this +extension is already available. Please refer :doc:`plans` for detailed plan +for this. + +.. 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zW~0FknbX~iC()>%7n3ZN8KyeJSBJmI3-+8(7LYPjQVY{K>C{=?nAa=XG?_ySv`v{Tue=vgV4#sY#Qd+{8vD$g=$2hGa|h=fxYsxS&me-#kg>R%pOk z3ywN?so|A5YE>y`%YONMwF2QvuL`Rrp@5`O1}=VMZQNpiUl$1)$z?I zE5nAFO+yIt#}D=*d(dz_|15dk*+xZ(w + + + (small mmap()-ed regions and munmap()-ed regions) + + + + +To further minimize dynamic mapping changes applying overhead, DAMON checks the +dynamic memory mapping changes and applies it to the abstracted target area +only for each of a user-specified time interval (``regions update interval``). diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..96251752b3f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============ +Future Plans +============ + +DAMON is still on its first stage. Below plans are still under development. + + +Automate Data Access Monitoring-based Memory Operation Schemes Execution +======================================================================== + +The ultimate goal of DAMON is being used as a building block of the data access +pattern aware kernel memory management subsystem optimization. However, as +always, some users having very special workloads will want to do their +optimization. DAMON will automate most of the tasks for such manual +optimizations soon. Users will be required to only describe what kind of data +access pattern-based operation schemes they want in a simple form. + +By applying a very simple scheme for THP promotion/demotion with a prototype +implementation, DAMON reduced 60% of THP memory footprint overhead while +preserving 50% of the THP performance benefit. The detailed results can be +seen on an external web page [1]_. + +Several RFC patchsets for this plan are available [2]_. + + +Support Various Address Spaces +============================== + +Currently, DAMON supports only virtual memory address spaces because it +utilizes PTE Accessed bits as its low-level access check primitive and ``struct +vma`` as a way to address the monitoring target regions. However, the core +idea of DAMON is in a separate higher layer. Therefore, DAMON can support +other various address spaces by changing the two low primitives to others for +the address spaces. + +In the future, DAMON will make the lower level primitives configurable so that +it can support various address spaces including physical memory. The +configuration will be highly flexible so that users can even implement the +primitives by themselves for their special use cases. Monitoring of +clean/dirty/entire page cache, NUMA nodes, specific files, or block devices +would be examples of such use cases. + +An RFC patchset for this plan is available [3]_. + +.. [1] https://damonitor.github.io/test/result/perf/latest/html/ +.. [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200429124540.32232-1-sjpark@amazon.com/ +.. [3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200409094232.29680-1-sjpark@amazon.com/ diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0f1a366ac245 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=============== +Getting Started +=============== + +This document briefly describes how you can use DAMON by demonstrating the user +space tool. Please note that this document describes only a part of the +features for brevity. Please refer to :doc:`usage` for more details. + + +TL; DR +====== + +Simply follow below 5 commands. Don't forget replacing ```` +with your *real* workload, though. :: + + $ git clone https://github.com/sjp38/linux -b damon/master + /* build the kernel with CONFIG_DAMON=y, install, reboot */ + $ cd linux/tools/damon + $ ./damo record $(pidof ) + $ ./damo report heats --heatmap access_pattern.pdf + $ ./damo report wss --range 0 101 1 --plot wss_dist.pdf + + +Prerequisites +============= + +Kernel +------ + +You should first ensure your system is running on a kernel built with +``CONFIG_DAMON``. If the value is set as ``m``, you should load the module +first:: + + # modprobe damon + + +User Space Tool +--------------- + +For the demonstration, we will use a user space tool for the convenient use of +DAMON, called DAMON Operator (DAMO). It is located at ``tools/damon/damo`` of +the kernel source tree. We assume that you set ``$PATH`` to point it. The +``$PATH`` setting is not mandatory but we make the assumption here for the +brevity of the below examples. + +Because DAMO is using the debugfs interface (refer to :doc:`usage` for the +detail) of DAMON, you should also ensure debugfs is mounted. Mount it manually +as below:: + + # mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug/ + +or append below line to your ``/etc/fstab`` file so that your system can +automatically mount debugfs from next booting:: + + debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 + + +Recording Data Access Patterns +============================== + +Below commands record memory access pattern of a program, ``masim``, and save +it in a file, ``damon.data``. The program will access two 100 MiB memory +regions one by one. :: + + $ git clone https://github.com/sjp38/masim + $ cd masim; make; ./masim ./configs/zigzag.cfg & + $ sudo damo record -o damon.data $(pidof masim) + +The first two lines of commands start the monitoring target process in the +background. You can substitute this with your real workload. The last line +asks ``damo record`` to record the access pattern. + + +Visualizing Recorded Patterns +============================= + +Below three commands visualize the recorded access patterns into three +image files, ``access_pattern_heatmap.png``, ``wss_dist.png``, and +``wss_chron_change.png``. :: + + $ damo report heats --heatmap -i damon.data access_pattern_heatmap.png + $ damo report wss --range 0 101 1 --plot wss_dist.png + $ damo report wss --range 0 101 1 --sortby time --plot wss_chron_change.png + +- ``access_pattern_heatmap.png`` will show the data access pattern in a + heatmap, which shows when (x-axis) what memory region (y-axis) is how + frequently accessed (color). +- ``wss_dist.png`` will show the distribution of the working set size. +- ``wss_chron_change.png`` will show how the working set size has + chronologically changed. + +Below are the three images. You can show those made with other realistic +workloads at external web pages [1]_ [2]_ [3]_. + +.. list-table:: + + * - .. kernel-figure:: damon_heatmap.png + :alt: the access pattern in heatmap format + :align: center + + The access pattern in heatmap format. + + - .. kernel-figure:: damon_wss_dist.png + :alt: the distribution of working set size + :align: center + + The distribution of working set size. + + - .. kernel-figure:: damon_wss_change.png + :alt: the chronological changes of working set size + :align: center + + The chronological changes of working set size. + +.. [1] https://damonitor.github.io/test/result/visual/latest/heatmap.1.html +.. [2] https://damonitor.github.io/test/result/visual/latest/wss_sz.html +.. 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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=============== +Detailed Usages +=============== + +DAMON provides below three interfaces for various use cases. + +- *DAMON user space tool.* + This is for privileged people such as system administrators who want a + just-working human-friendly interface. This interface is a reference + implementation of the DAMON debugfs wrapper user space tool. Using this + tool, you can easily use the DAMON’s major features in a human-friendly way, + though it may not be highly tuned for your specific use-cases. +- *debugfs interface.* + This is for user space programmers who want optimized use of DAMON. Using + this interface, you can use DAMON’s major features by reading from and + writing to specific debugfs files. Of course, you can write and use your + personalized DAMON debugfs wrapper user space tool that reads/writes the + debugfs files instead of you and provides a more human-friendly interface. +- *Kernel Space Programming Interface.* + This is for kernel space programmers. Using this, you can utilize every + feature of DAMON most flexibly and efficiently by writing kernel space + DAMON application programs for you. + +We recommend you to start with the DAMON user space tool and move to debugfs +interface only if the real requirement is found, and prohibit the use of the +kernel space programming interface unless you need it, for the following +reasons. First of all, there will be no big difference between the overheads +of these three interfaces, unless the use case is so special. Also, all these +three interfaces support all major features of DAMON. + +This document, therefore, does not describe the kernel space programming +interface in detail. For the programming interface, please refer to :doc:`api` +or ``include/linux/damon.h`` file in the kernel source tree. + + + +User Space Tool for DAMON +========================= + +A reference implementation of the DAMON user space tool which provides a +convenient user interface is located at ``tools/damon/damo`` in the kernel +source tree. Please note that this is initially aimed to be used for minimal +reference of the DAMON's debugfs interfaces and for tests of the DAMON itself. +Based on the debugfs interface, you can create another cool and more convenient +user space tools. + +The interface of the tool is basically subcommand based. You can almost always +use ``-h`` option to get the help of the use of each subcommand. Currently, it +supports two subcommands, ``record`` and ``report``. + +Below example commands assume you set ``$PATH`` to points ``tools/damon/`` for +brevity. It is not mandatory for use of ``damo``, though. + + +Recording Data Access Pattern +----------------------------- + +The ``record`` subcommand records the data access pattern of target processes +in a file (``./damon.data`` by default). You can specify the target as either +pid of running target or a command for execution of the process. Below example +shows a command target usage:: + + # cd /tools/damon/ + # damo record "sleep 5" + +The tool will execute ``sleep 5`` by itself and record the data access patterns +of the process. Below example shows a pid target usage:: + + # sleep 5 & + # damo record `pidof sleep` + +You can tune this by setting the monitoring attributes and path to the record +file using optional arguments to the subcommand. To know about the monitoring +attributes in detail, please refer to :doc:`mechanisms`. + + +Analyzing Data Access Pattern +----------------------------- + +The ``report`` subcommand reads a data access pattern record file (if not +explicitly specified, reads ``./damon.data`` file by default) and generates +human-readable reports of various types. You can specify what type of report +you want using a sub-subcommand to ``report`` subcommand. ``raw``, ``heats``, +and ``wss`` report types are supported for now. + + +raw +~~~ + +``raw`` sub-subcommand simply transforms the binary record into human-readable +text. For example:: + + $ damo report raw + start_time: 193485829398 + rel time: 0 + nr_tasks: 1 + pid: 1348 + nr_regions: 4 + 560189609000-56018abce000( 22827008): 0 + 7fbdff59a000-7fbdffaf1a00( 5601792): 0 + 7fbdffaf1a00-7fbdffbb5000( 800256): 1 + 7ffea0dc0000-7ffea0dfd000( 249856): 0 + + rel time: 100000731 + nr_tasks: 1 + pid: 1348 + nr_regions: 6 + 560189609000-56018abce000( 22827008): 0 + 7fbdff59a000-7fbdff8ce933( 3361075): 0 + 7fbdff8ce933-7fbdffaf1a00( 2240717): 1 + 7fbdffaf1a00-7fbdffb66d99( 480153): 0 + 7fbdffb66d99-7fbdffbb5000( 320103): 1 + 7ffea0dc0000-7ffea0dfd000( 249856): 0 + +The first line shows the recording started timestamp (nanosecond). Records of +data access patterns are following this. Each record is separated by a blank +line. Each record first specifies the recorded time (``rel time``), the number +of monitored tasks in this record (``nr_tasks``). A numbers of records of data +access patterns for each task follow. Each data access pattern for each task +shows it's pid (``pid``) and a number of monitored virtual address regions in +this access pattern (``nr_regions``) first. After that, each line shows the +start/end address, size, and the number of monitored accesses to the region for +each of the regions. + + +heats +~~~~~ + +The ``raw`` output is very detailed but hard to manually read and analyze. +``heats`` sub-subcommand plots the data in 3-dimensional form, which represents +the time in x-axis, virtual address in y-axis, and the access frequency in +z-axis. Users can set the resolution of the map (``--tres`` and ``--ares``) +and start/end point of each axis (``--tmin``, ``--tmax``, ``--amin``, and +``--amax``) via optional arguments. For example:: + + $ damo report heats --tres 3 --ares 3 + 0 0 0.0 + 0 7609002 0.0 + 0 15218004 0.0 + 66112620851 0 0.0 + 66112620851 7609002 0.0 + 66112620851 15218004 0.0 + 132225241702 0 0.0 + 132225241702 7609002 0.0 + 132225241702 15218004 0.0 + +This command shows a recorded access pattern in heatmap of 3x3 resolution. +Therefore it shows 9 data points in total. Each line shows each of the data +points. The three numbers in each line represent time in nanosecond, virtual +address in bytes, and the observed access frequency. + +Users can easily convert this text output into a heatmap image (represent z-axis +values with colors) or other 3D representations using various tools such as +'gnuplot'. ``heats`` sub-subcommand also provides 'gnuplot' based heatmap +image creation. For this, you can use ``--heatmap`` option. Also, note that +because it uses 'gnuplot' internally, it will fail if 'gnuplot' is not +installed on your system. For example:: + + $ ./damo report heats --heatmap heatmap.png + +Creates ``heatmap.png`` file containing the heatmap image. It supports +``pdf``, ``png``, ``jpeg``, and ``svg``. + +If the target address space is virtual memory address space and you plot the +entire address space, the huge unmapped regions will make the picture looks +only black. Therefore you should do proper zoom in / zoom out using the axis +boundary-setting optional arguments. To make this effort minimal, you can use +``--guide`` option. For example:: + + $ ./damo report heats --guide + pid:1348 + time: 193485829398-198337863555 (4852034157) + region 0: 00000094564599762944-00000094564622589952 (22827008) + region 1: 00000140454009610240-00000140454016012288 (6402048) + region 2: 00000140731597193216-00000140731597443072 (249856) + +The output shows unions of monitored regions (start and end addresses in byte) +and union of monitored time duration (start and end time in nanoseconds) of +each target task. Therefore, it would be wise to plot the data points in each +union. If no axis boundary option is given, it will automatically find the +biggest union in ``--guide`` output and plot for it. + + +wss +~~~ + +The ``wss`` type extracts the distribution and chronological working set size +changes from the records. For example:: + + $ ./damo report wss + # + # pid 1348 + # avr: 66228 + 0 0 + 25 0 + 50 0 + 75 0 + 100 1920615 + +Without any option, it shows the distribution of the working set sizes as +above. It shows 0th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 100th percentile and the average of +the measured working set sizes in the access pattern records. In this case, +the working set size was zero for 75th percentile but 1,920,615 bytes in max +and 66,228 bytes on average. + +By setting the sort key of the percentile using '--sortby', you can show how +the working set size has chronologically changed. For example:: + + $ ./damo report wss --sortby time + # + # pid 1348 + # avr: 66228 + 0 0 + 25 0 + 50 0 + 75 0 + 100 0 + +The average is still 66,228. And, because the access was spiked in very short +duration but we use only 4 data points, we cannot show when the access spikes +made. Users can specify the resolution of the distribution (``--range``). By +giving more fine resolution, users will be able to see the short duration +spikes. + +Similar to that of ``heats --heatmap``, it also supports 'gnuplot' based simple +visualization of the distribution via ``--plot`` option. + + +debugfs Interface +================= + +DAMON exports four files, ``attrs``, ``pids``, ``record``, and ``monitor_on`` +under its debugfs directory, ``/damon/``. + + +Attributes +---------- + +Users can get and set the ``sampling interval``, ``aggregation interval``, +``regions update interval``, and min/max number of monitoring target regions by +reading from and writing to the ``attrs`` file. To know about the monitoring +attributes in detail, please refer to :doc:`mechanisms`. For example, below +commands set those values to 5 ms, 100 ms, 1,000 ms, 10 and 1000, and then +check it again:: + + # cd /damon + # echo 5000 100000 1000000 10 1000 > attrs + # cat attrs + 5000 100000 1000000 10 1000 + + +Target PIDs +----------- + +Users can get and set the pids of monitoring target processes by reading from +and writing to the ``pids`` file. For example, below commands set processes +having pids 42 and 4242 as the processes to be monitored and check it again:: + + # cd /damon + # echo 42 4242 > pids + # cat pids + 42 4242 + +Note that setting the pids doesn't start the monitoring. + + +Record +------ + +This debugfs file allows you to record monitored access patterns in a regular +binary file. The recorded results are first written to an in-memory buffer and +flushed to a file in batch. Users can get and set the size of the buffer and +the path to the result file by reading from and writing to the ``record`` file. +For example, below commands set the buffer to be 4 KiB and the result to be +saved in ``/damon.data``. :: + + # cd /damon + # echo "4096 /damon.data" > record + # cat record + 4096 /damon.data + + +Turning On/Off +-------------- + +Setting the attributes as described above doesn't incur effect unless you +explicitly start the monitoring. You can start, stop, and check the current +status of the monitoring by writing to and reading from the ``monitor_on`` +file. Writing ``on`` to the file make DAMON start monitoring of the target +processes with the attributes. Recording will also start if requested before. +Writing ``off`` to the file stops those. DAMON also stops if every target +process is terminated. Below example commands turn on, off, and check the +status of DAMON:: + + # cd /damon + # echo on > monitor_on + # echo off > monitor_on + # cat monitor_on + off + +Please note that you cannot write to the above-mentioned debugfs files while +the monitoring is turned on. If you write to the files while DAMON is running, +an error code such as ``-EBUSY`` will be returned. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst index 11db46448354..d3d0ba373eb6 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ the Linux memory management. concepts cma_debugfs + data_access_monitor hugetlbpage idle_page_tracking ksm diff --git a/Documentation/index.rst b/Documentation/index.rst index e99d0bd2589d..92e70f544634 100644 --- a/Documentation/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/index.rst @@ -6,15 +6,10 @@ .. _linux_doc: -The Linux Kernel documentation -============================== +The DAMON documentation +======================= -This is the top level of the kernel's documentation tree. Kernel -documentation, like the kernel itself, is very much a work in progress; -that is especially true as we work to integrate our many scattered -documents into a coherent whole. Please note that improvements to the -documentation are welcome; join the linux-doc list at vger.kernel.org if -you want to help out. +This is the Linux kernel's documentation modified for DAMON only. Licensing documentation ----------------------- @@ -25,168 +20,13 @@ tree, as well as links to the full license text. * :ref:`kernel_licensing` -User-oriented documentation ---------------------------- +DAMON: Data Access Monitor +-------------------------- -The following manuals are written for *users* of the kernel — those who are +The following manual is for *users* of DAMON — those who are trying to get it to work optimally on a given system. .. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 + :maxdepth: 3 - admin-guide/index - kbuild/index - -Firmware-related documentation ------------------------------- -The following holds information on the kernel's expectations regarding the -platform firmwares. - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - firmware-guide/index - -Application-developer documentation ------------------------------------ - -The user-space API manual gathers together documents describing aspects of -the kernel interface as seen by application developers. - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - userspace-api/index - - -Introduction to kernel development ----------------------------------- - -These manuals contain overall information about how to develop the kernel. -The kernel community is quite large, with thousands of developers -contributing over the course of a year. As with any large community, -knowing how things are done will make the process of getting your changes -merged much easier. - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - process/index - dev-tools/index - doc-guide/index - kernel-hacking/index - trace/index - maintainer/index - fault-injection/index - livepatch/index - - -Kernel API documentation ------------------------- - -These books get into the details of how specific kernel subsystems work -from the point of view of a kernel developer. Much of the information here -is taken directly from the kernel source, with supplemental material added -as needed (or at least as we managed to add it — probably *not* all that is -needed). - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - driver-api/index - core-api/index - locking/index - accounting/index - block/index - cdrom/index - ide/index - fb/index - fpga/index - hid/index - i2c/index - iio/index - isdn/index - infiniband/index - leds/index - media/index - netlabel/index - networking/index - pcmcia/index - power/index - target/index - timers/index - spi/index - w1/index - watchdog/index - virt/index - input/index - hwmon/index - gpu/index - security/index - sound/index - crypto/index - filesystems/index - vm/index - bpf/index - usb/index - PCI/index - misc-devices/index - mic/index - scheduler/index - -Architecture-agnostic documentation ------------------------------------ - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - asm-annotations - -Architecture-specific documentation ------------------------------------ - -These books provide programming details about architecture-specific -implementation. - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - arm/index - arm64/index - ia64/index - m68k/index - mips/index - nios2/nios2 - openrisc/index - parisc/index - powerpc/index - riscv/index - s390/index - sh/index - sparc/index - x86/index - xtensa/index - -Filesystem Documentation ------------------------- - -The documentation in this section are provided by specific filesystem -subprojects. - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - filesystems/ext4/index - -Translations ------------- - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - translations/index - -Indices and tables -================== - -* :ref:`genindex` + admin-guide/mm/damon/index