| Message ID | 20130122073446.13822.39253.stgit@srivatsabhat.in.ibm.com (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| State | Not Applicable, archived |
| Headers | show |
Hi Srivatsa, On Tue, 22 Jan 2013 13:04:54 +0530, Srivatsa S. Bhat wrote: > @@ -246,15 +291,21 @@ struct take_cpu_down_param { > static int __ref take_cpu_down(void *_param) > { > struct take_cpu_down_param *param = _param; > - int err; > + unsigned long flags; > + int err = 0; It seems no need to set 'err' to 0. Thanks, Namhyung > + > + percpu_write_lock_irqsave(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock, &flags); > > /* Ensure this CPU doesn't handle any more interrupts. */ > err = __cpu_disable(); > if (err < 0) > - return err; > + goto out; > > cpu_notify(CPU_DYING | param->mod, param->hcpu); > - return 0; > + > +out: > + percpu_write_unlock_irqrestore(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock, &flags); > + return err; > } > > /* Requires cpu_add_remove_lock to be held */ > > -- > To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-pm" in > the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org > More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-pm" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
On Tue, Jan 22, 2013 at 01:04:54PM +0530, Srivatsa S. Bhat wrote: > There are places where preempt_disable() or local_irq_disable() are used > to prevent any CPU from going offline during the critical section. Let us > call them as "atomic hotplug readers" ("atomic" because they run in atomic, > non-preemptible contexts). > > Today, preempt_disable() or its equivalent works because the hotplug writer > uses stop_machine() to take CPUs offline. But once stop_machine() is gone > from the CPU hotplug offline path, the readers won't be able to prevent > CPUs from going offline using preempt_disable(). > > So the intent here is to provide synchronization APIs for such atomic hotplug > readers, to prevent (any) CPUs from going offline, without depending on > stop_machine() at the writer-side. The new APIs will look something like > this: get_online_cpus_atomic() and put_online_cpus_atomic() > > Some important design requirements and considerations: > ----------------------------------------------------- > > 1. Scalable synchronization at the reader-side, especially in the fast-path > > Any synchronization at the atomic hotplug readers side must be highly > scalable - avoid global single-holder locks/counters etc. Because, these > paths currently use the extremely fast preempt_disable(); our replacement > to preempt_disable() should not become ridiculously costly and also should > not serialize the readers among themselves needlessly. > > At a minimum, the new APIs must be extremely fast at the reader side > atleast in the fast-path, when no CPU offline writers are active. > > 2. preempt_disable() was recursive. The replacement should also be recursive. > > 3. No (new) lock-ordering restrictions > > preempt_disable() was super-flexible. It didn't impose any ordering > restrictions or rules for nesting. Our replacement should also be equally > flexible and usable. > > 4. No deadlock possibilities > > Regular per-cpu locking is not the way to go if we want to have relaxed > rules for lock-ordering. Because, we can end up in circular-locking > dependencies as explained in https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/6/290 > > So, avoid the usual per-cpu locking schemes (per-cpu locks/per-cpu atomic > counters with spin-on-contention etc) as much as possible, to avoid > numerous deadlock possibilities from creeping in. > > > Implementation of the design: > ---------------------------- > > We use per-CPU reader-writer locks for synchronization because: > > a. They are quite fast and scalable in the fast-path (when no writers are > active), since they use fast per-cpu counters in those paths. > > b. They are recursive at the reader side. > > c. They provide a good amount of safety against deadlocks; they don't > spring new deadlock possibilities on us from out of nowhere. As a > result, they have relaxed locking rules and are quite flexible, and > thus are best suited for replacing usages of preempt_disable() or > local_irq_disable() at the reader side. > > Together, these satisfy all the requirements mentioned above. > > I'm indebted to Michael Wang and Xiao Guangrong for their numerous thoughtful > suggestions and ideas, which inspired and influenced many of the decisions in > this as well as previous designs. Thanks a lot Michael and Xiao! > > Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> > Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> > Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> > Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> > Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> > Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org> > Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> > Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> > Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> > Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> > Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> > Cc: x86@kernel.org > Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org > Cc: uclinux-dist-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org > Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org > Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org > Cc: linux-am33-list@redhat.com > Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org > Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org > Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org > Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org > Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org > Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> With the change suggested by Namhyung: Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> > --- > > arch/arm/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/blackfin/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/ia64/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/mips/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/mn10300/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/parisc/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/powerpc/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/s390/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/sh/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/sparc/Kconfig | 1 + > arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 + > include/linux/cpu.h | 4 +++ > kernel/cpu.c | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- > 13 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/arch/arm/Kconfig b/arch/arm/Kconfig > index 67874b8..cb6b94b 100644 > --- a/arch/arm/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/arm/Kconfig > @@ -1616,6 +1616,7 @@ config NR_CPUS > config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" > depends on SMP && HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > help > Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs > can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. > diff --git a/arch/blackfin/Kconfig b/arch/blackfin/Kconfig > index b6f3ad5..83d9882 100644 > --- a/arch/blackfin/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/blackfin/Kconfig > @@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ config NR_CPUS > config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" > depends on SMP && HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > default y > > config BF_REV_MIN > diff --git a/arch/ia64/Kconfig b/arch/ia64/Kconfig > index 3279646..c246772 100644 > --- a/arch/ia64/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/ia64/Kconfig > @@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs (EXPERIMENTAL)" > depends on SMP && EXPERIMENTAL > select HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > default n > ---help--- > Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs > diff --git a/arch/mips/Kconfig b/arch/mips/Kconfig > index 2ac626a..f97c479 100644 > --- a/arch/mips/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/mips/Kconfig > @@ -956,6 +956,7 @@ config SYS_HAS_EARLY_PRINTK > config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" > depends on SMP && HOTPLUG && SYS_SUPPORTS_HOTPLUG_CPU > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > help > Say Y here to allow turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be > controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. > diff --git a/arch/mn10300/Kconfig b/arch/mn10300/Kconfig > index e70001c..a64e488 100644 > --- a/arch/mn10300/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/mn10300/Kconfig > @@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ config ARCH_HAS_ILOG2_U32 > > config HOTPLUG_CPU > def_bool n > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > > source "init/Kconfig" > > diff --git a/arch/parisc/Kconfig b/arch/parisc/Kconfig > index b77feff..6f55cd4 100644 > --- a/arch/parisc/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/parisc/Kconfig > @@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool > default y if SMP > select HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > > config ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL > def_bool y > diff --git a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig > index 17903f1..56b1f15 100644 > --- a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig > @@ -336,6 +336,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for enabling/disabling CPUs" > depends on SMP && HOTPLUG && EXPERIMENTAL && (PPC_PSERIES || \ > PPC_PMAC || PPC_POWERNV || (PPC_85xx && !PPC_E500MC)) > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > ---help--- > Say Y here to be able to disable and re-enable individual > CPUs at runtime on SMP machines. > diff --git a/arch/s390/Kconfig b/arch/s390/Kconfig > index b5ea38c..a9aafb4 100644 > --- a/arch/s390/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/s390/Kconfig > @@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU > prompt "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" > depends on SMP > select HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > help > Say Y here to be able to turn CPUs off and on. CPUs > can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu#. > diff --git a/arch/sh/Kconfig b/arch/sh/Kconfig > index babc2b8..8c92eef 100644 > --- a/arch/sh/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/sh/Kconfig > @@ -765,6 +765,7 @@ config NR_CPUS > config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs (EXPERIMENTAL)" > depends on SMP && HOTPLUG && EXPERIMENTAL > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > help > Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs > can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. > diff --git a/arch/sparc/Kconfig b/arch/sparc/Kconfig > index 9f2edb5..e2bd573 100644 > --- a/arch/sparc/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/sparc/Kconfig > @@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" > depends on SPARC64 && SMP > select HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > help > Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs > can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu#. > diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig > index 79795af..a225d12 100644 > --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig > +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig > @@ -1689,6 +1689,7 @@ config PHYSICAL_ALIGN > config HOTPLUG_CPU > bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" > depends on SMP && HOTPLUG > + select PERCPU_RWLOCK > ---help--- > Say Y here to allow turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be > controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. > diff --git a/include/linux/cpu.h b/include/linux/cpu.h > index ce7a074..cf24da1 100644 > --- a/include/linux/cpu.h > +++ b/include/linux/cpu.h > @@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ extern struct bus_type cpu_subsys; > > extern void get_online_cpus(void); > extern void put_online_cpus(void); > +extern void get_online_cpus_atomic(void); > +extern void put_online_cpus_atomic(void); > #define hotcpu_notifier(fn, pri) cpu_notifier(fn, pri) > #define register_hotcpu_notifier(nb) register_cpu_notifier(nb) > #define unregister_hotcpu_notifier(nb) unregister_cpu_notifier(nb) > @@ -198,6 +200,8 @@ static inline void cpu_hotplug_driver_unlock(void) > > #define get_online_cpus() do { } while (0) > #define put_online_cpus() do { } while (0) > +#define get_online_cpus_atomic() do { } while (0) > +#define put_online_cpus_atomic() do { } while (0) > #define hotcpu_notifier(fn, pri) do { (void)(fn); } while (0) > /* These aren't inline functions due to a GCC bug. */ > #define register_hotcpu_notifier(nb) ({ (void)(nb); 0; }) > diff --git a/kernel/cpu.c b/kernel/cpu.c > index 3046a50..1c84138 100644 > --- a/kernel/cpu.c > +++ b/kernel/cpu.c > @@ -1,6 +1,18 @@ > /* CPU control. > * (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Rusty Russell > * > + * Rework of the CPU hotplug offline mechanism to remove its dependence on > + * the heavy-weight stop_machine() primitive, by Srivatsa S. Bhat and > + * Paul E. McKenney. > + * > + * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2012-2013 > + * Authors: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> > + * Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> > + * > + * With lots of invaluable suggestions from: > + * Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> > + * Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> > + * > * This code is licenced under the GPL. > */ > #include <linux/proc_fs.h> > @@ -19,6 +31,7 @@ > #include <linux/mutex.h> > #include <linux/gfp.h> > #include <linux/suspend.h> > +#include <linux/percpu-rwlock.h> > > #include "smpboot.h" > > @@ -133,6 +146,38 @@ static void cpu_hotplug_done(void) > mutex_unlock(&cpu_hotplug.lock); > } > > +/* > + * Per-CPU Reader-Writer lock to synchronize between atomic hotplug > + * readers and the CPU offline hotplug writer. > + */ > +DEFINE_STATIC_PERCPU_RWLOCK(hotplug_pcpu_rwlock); > + > +/* > + * Invoked by atomic hotplug reader (a task which wants to prevent > + * CPU offline, but which can't afford to sleep), to prevent CPUs from > + * going offline. So, you can call this function from atomic contexts > + * (including interrupt handlers). > + * > + * Note: This does NOT prevent CPUs from coming online! It only prevents > + * CPUs from going offline. > + * > + * You can call this function recursively. > + * > + * Returns with preemption disabled (but interrupts remain as they are; > + * they are not disabled). > + */ > +void get_online_cpus_atomic(void) > +{ > + percpu_read_lock_irqsafe(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock); > +} > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_online_cpus_atomic); > + > +void put_online_cpus_atomic(void) > +{ > + percpu_read_unlock_irqsafe(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock); > +} > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_online_cpus_atomic); > + > #else /* #if CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */ > static void cpu_hotplug_begin(void) {} > static void cpu_hotplug_done(void) {} > @@ -246,15 +291,21 @@ struct take_cpu_down_param { > static int __ref take_cpu_down(void *_param) > { > struct take_cpu_down_param *param = _param; > - int err; > + unsigned long flags; > + int err = 0; > + > + percpu_write_lock_irqsave(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock, &flags); > > /* Ensure this CPU doesn't handle any more interrupts. */ > err = __cpu_disable(); > if (err < 0) > - return err; > + goto out; > > cpu_notify(CPU_DYING | param->mod, param->hcpu); > - return 0; > + > +out: > + percpu_write_unlock_irqrestore(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock, &flags); > + return err; > } > > /* Requires cpu_add_remove_lock to be held */ > -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-pm" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Hi Namhyung, On 01/29/2013 03:51 PM, Namhyung Kim wrote: > Hi Srivatsa, > > On Tue, 22 Jan 2013 13:04:54 +0530, Srivatsa S. Bhat wrote: >> @@ -246,15 +291,21 @@ struct take_cpu_down_param { >> static int __ref take_cpu_down(void *_param) >> { >> struct take_cpu_down_param *param = _param; >> - int err; >> + unsigned long flags; >> + int err = 0; > > It seems no need to set 'err' to 0. > Sorry for the late reply. This mail got buried in my inbox and I hadn't noticed it until now.. :-( I'll remove the unnecessary initialization. Thank you! Regards, Srivatsa S. Bhat -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-pm" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
diff --git a/arch/arm/Kconfig b/arch/arm/Kconfig index 67874b8..cb6b94b 100644 --- a/arch/arm/Kconfig +++ b/arch/arm/Kconfig @@ -1616,6 +1616,7 @@ config NR_CPUS config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SMP && HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK help Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. diff --git a/arch/blackfin/Kconfig b/arch/blackfin/Kconfig index b6f3ad5..83d9882 100644 --- a/arch/blackfin/Kconfig +++ b/arch/blackfin/Kconfig @@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ config NR_CPUS config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SMP && HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK default y config BF_REV_MIN diff --git a/arch/ia64/Kconfig b/arch/ia64/Kconfig index 3279646..c246772 100644 --- a/arch/ia64/Kconfig +++ b/arch/ia64/Kconfig @@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs (EXPERIMENTAL)" depends on SMP && EXPERIMENTAL select HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK default n ---help--- Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs diff --git a/arch/mips/Kconfig b/arch/mips/Kconfig index 2ac626a..f97c479 100644 --- a/arch/mips/Kconfig +++ b/arch/mips/Kconfig @@ -956,6 +956,7 @@ config SYS_HAS_EARLY_PRINTK config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SMP && HOTPLUG && SYS_SUPPORTS_HOTPLUG_CPU + select PERCPU_RWLOCK help Say Y here to allow turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. diff --git a/arch/mn10300/Kconfig b/arch/mn10300/Kconfig index e70001c..a64e488 100644 --- a/arch/mn10300/Kconfig +++ b/arch/mn10300/Kconfig @@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ config ARCH_HAS_ILOG2_U32 config HOTPLUG_CPU def_bool n + select PERCPU_RWLOCK source "init/Kconfig" diff --git a/arch/parisc/Kconfig b/arch/parisc/Kconfig index b77feff..6f55cd4 100644 --- a/arch/parisc/Kconfig +++ b/arch/parisc/Kconfig @@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU bool default y if SMP select HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK config ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL def_bool y diff --git a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig index 17903f1..56b1f15 100644 --- a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig +++ b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig @@ -336,6 +336,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for enabling/disabling CPUs" depends on SMP && HOTPLUG && EXPERIMENTAL && (PPC_PSERIES || \ PPC_PMAC || PPC_POWERNV || (PPC_85xx && !PPC_E500MC)) + select PERCPU_RWLOCK ---help--- Say Y here to be able to disable and re-enable individual CPUs at runtime on SMP machines. diff --git a/arch/s390/Kconfig b/arch/s390/Kconfig index b5ea38c..a9aafb4 100644 --- a/arch/s390/Kconfig +++ b/arch/s390/Kconfig @@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU prompt "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SMP select HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK help Say Y here to be able to turn CPUs off and on. CPUs can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu#. diff --git a/arch/sh/Kconfig b/arch/sh/Kconfig index babc2b8..8c92eef 100644 --- a/arch/sh/Kconfig +++ b/arch/sh/Kconfig @@ -765,6 +765,7 @@ config NR_CPUS config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs (EXPERIMENTAL)" depends on SMP && HOTPLUG && EXPERIMENTAL + select PERCPU_RWLOCK help Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. diff --git a/arch/sparc/Kconfig b/arch/sparc/Kconfig index 9f2edb5..e2bd573 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/Kconfig +++ b/arch/sparc/Kconfig @@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SPARC64 && SMP select HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK help Say Y here to experiment with turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu#. diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig index 79795af..a225d12 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig @@ -1689,6 +1689,7 @@ config PHYSICAL_ALIGN config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SMP && HOTPLUG + select PERCPU_RWLOCK ---help--- Say Y here to allow turning CPUs off and on. CPUs can be controlled through /sys/devices/system/cpu. diff --git a/include/linux/cpu.h b/include/linux/cpu.h index ce7a074..cf24da1 100644 --- a/include/linux/cpu.h +++ b/include/linux/cpu.h @@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ extern struct bus_type cpu_subsys; extern void get_online_cpus(void); extern void put_online_cpus(void); +extern void get_online_cpus_atomic(void); +extern void put_online_cpus_atomic(void); #define hotcpu_notifier(fn, pri) cpu_notifier(fn, pri) #define register_hotcpu_notifier(nb) register_cpu_notifier(nb) #define unregister_hotcpu_notifier(nb) unregister_cpu_notifier(nb) @@ -198,6 +200,8 @@ static inline void cpu_hotplug_driver_unlock(void) #define get_online_cpus() do { } while (0) #define put_online_cpus() do { } while (0) +#define get_online_cpus_atomic() do { } while (0) +#define put_online_cpus_atomic() do { } while (0) #define hotcpu_notifier(fn, pri) do { (void)(fn); } while (0) /* These aren't inline functions due to a GCC bug. */ #define register_hotcpu_notifier(nb) ({ (void)(nb); 0; }) diff --git a/kernel/cpu.c b/kernel/cpu.c index 3046a50..1c84138 100644 --- a/kernel/cpu.c +++ b/kernel/cpu.c @@ -1,6 +1,18 @@ /* CPU control. * (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Rusty Russell * + * Rework of the CPU hotplug offline mechanism to remove its dependence on + * the heavy-weight stop_machine() primitive, by Srivatsa S. Bhat and + * Paul E. McKenney. + * + * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2012-2013 + * Authors: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> + * Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> + * + * With lots of invaluable suggestions from: + * Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> + * Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> + * * This code is licenced under the GPL. */ #include <linux/proc_fs.h> @@ -19,6 +31,7 @@ #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <linux/suspend.h> +#include <linux/percpu-rwlock.h> #include "smpboot.h" @@ -133,6 +146,38 @@ static void cpu_hotplug_done(void) mutex_unlock(&cpu_hotplug.lock); } +/* + * Per-CPU Reader-Writer lock to synchronize between atomic hotplug + * readers and the CPU offline hotplug writer. + */ +DEFINE_STATIC_PERCPU_RWLOCK(hotplug_pcpu_rwlock); + +/* + * Invoked by atomic hotplug reader (a task which wants to prevent + * CPU offline, but which can't afford to sleep), to prevent CPUs from + * going offline. So, you can call this function from atomic contexts + * (including interrupt handlers). + * + * Note: This does NOT prevent CPUs from coming online! It only prevents + * CPUs from going offline. + * + * You can call this function recursively. + * + * Returns with preemption disabled (but interrupts remain as they are; + * they are not disabled). + */ +void get_online_cpus_atomic(void) +{ + percpu_read_lock_irqsafe(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_online_cpus_atomic); + +void put_online_cpus_atomic(void) +{ + percpu_read_unlock_irqsafe(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_online_cpus_atomic); + #else /* #if CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */ static void cpu_hotplug_begin(void) {} static void cpu_hotplug_done(void) {} @@ -246,15 +291,21 @@ struct take_cpu_down_param { static int __ref take_cpu_down(void *_param) { struct take_cpu_down_param *param = _param; - int err; + unsigned long flags; + int err = 0; + + percpu_write_lock_irqsave(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock, &flags); /* Ensure this CPU doesn't handle any more interrupts. */ err = __cpu_disable(); if (err < 0) - return err; + goto out; cpu_notify(CPU_DYING | param->mod, param->hcpu); - return 0; + +out: + percpu_write_unlock_irqrestore(&hotplug_pcpu_rwlock, &flags); + return err; } /* Requires cpu_add_remove_lock to be held */
There are places where preempt_disable() or local_irq_disable() are used to prevent any CPU from going offline during the critical section. Let us call them as "atomic hotplug readers" ("atomic" because they run in atomic, non-preemptible contexts). Today, preempt_disable() or its equivalent works because the hotplug writer uses stop_machine() to take CPUs offline. But once stop_machine() is gone from the CPU hotplug offline path, the readers won't be able to prevent CPUs from going offline using preempt_disable(). So the intent here is to provide synchronization APIs for such atomic hotplug readers, to prevent (any) CPUs from going offline, without depending on stop_machine() at the writer-side. The new APIs will look something like this: get_online_cpus_atomic() and put_online_cpus_atomic() Some important design requirements and considerations: ----------------------------------------------------- 1. Scalable synchronization at the reader-side, especially in the fast-path Any synchronization at the atomic hotplug readers side must be highly scalable - avoid global single-holder locks/counters etc. Because, these paths currently use the extremely fast preempt_disable(); our replacement to preempt_disable() should not become ridiculously costly and also should not serialize the readers among themselves needlessly. At a minimum, the new APIs must be extremely fast at the reader side atleast in the fast-path, when no CPU offline writers are active. 2. preempt_disable() was recursive. The replacement should also be recursive. 3. No (new) lock-ordering restrictions preempt_disable() was super-flexible. It didn't impose any ordering restrictions or rules for nesting. Our replacement should also be equally flexible and usable. 4. No deadlock possibilities Regular per-cpu locking is not the way to go if we want to have relaxed rules for lock-ordering. Because, we can end up in circular-locking dependencies as explained in https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/6/290 So, avoid the usual per-cpu locking schemes (per-cpu locks/per-cpu atomic counters with spin-on-contention etc) as much as possible, to avoid numerous deadlock possibilities from creeping in. Implementation of the design: ---------------------------- We use per-CPU reader-writer locks for synchronization because: a. They are quite fast and scalable in the fast-path (when no writers are active), since they use fast per-cpu counters in those paths. b. They are recursive at the reader side. c. They provide a good amount of safety against deadlocks; they don't spring new deadlock possibilities on us from out of nowhere. As a result, they have relaxed locking rules and are quite flexible, and thus are best suited for replacing usages of preempt_disable() or local_irq_disable() at the reader side. Together, these satisfy all the requirements mentioned above. I'm indebted to Michael Wang and Xiao Guangrong for their numerous thoughtful suggestions and ideas, which inspired and influenced many of the decisions in this as well as previous designs. Thanks a lot Michael and Xiao! Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: x86@kernel.org Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: uclinux-dist-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org Cc: linux-am33-list@redhat.com Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> --- arch/arm/Kconfig | 1 + arch/blackfin/Kconfig | 1 + arch/ia64/Kconfig | 1 + arch/mips/Kconfig | 1 + arch/mn10300/Kconfig | 1 + arch/parisc/Kconfig | 1 + arch/powerpc/Kconfig | 1 + arch/s390/Kconfig | 1 + arch/sh/Kconfig | 1 + arch/sparc/Kconfig | 1 + arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 + include/linux/cpu.h | 4 +++ kernel/cpu.c | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 13 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-pm" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html