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McKenney" , Tejun Heo , Josh Don , Dohyun Kim , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, kkd@meta.com, kernel-team@meta.com Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v4 10/25] rqspinlock: Protect waiters in queue from stalls Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2025 21:05:26 -0700 Message-ID: <20250316040541.108729-11-memxor@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.47.1 In-Reply-To: <20250316040541.108729-1-memxor@gmail.com> References: <20250316040541.108729-1-memxor@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: bpf@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Developer-Signature: v=1; a=openpgp-sha256; l=8535; h=from:subject; bh=vVjQGLLHhTQCMBetlOFIdU+ojPl1vLkRKHm30dVzCfs=; b=owEBbQKS/ZANAwAIAUzgyIZIvxHKAcsmYgBn1k3cSLlo4tmtO0ItN2MrwskyKIwLLs6w+ebaLBXo 7AIxPteJAjMEAAEIAB0WIQRLvip+Buz51YI8YRFM4MiGSL8RygUCZ9ZN3AAKCRBM4MiGSL8RysmSD/ 4gAxpbVRAMKnrlkkFfN4Ga5MkaT9kFKIB75NzYnTksK7CH8hhGDYv+JLi+RdymiKCyY9nzzCusLCvH DgKiy8dOd7jd4kK2asNPQv83NeMlK0Y7ez2xIW0aheacqs2xHVRzHNpXJrhlXMFk9AOjed7lRqaZkk MHYjtNrFJYw2buxWBArDplbtplJ6ZFnH/R4X9150luydwS58JO6v1dpAXhDRtZug46Mf3bEhF2OxqC jOYtEwXKFE02GDoCLR+Ux1Tq9HAULxytmj+cG4B/5lN3ArOwmML81960DEOmDRtiBuM13th+wrnsBv j5ht8UeNorxeqAqlS0DKTVL5GwgKQ0J/gMt567PrzjsdttH9cQ2U+GS1RvleETvs2fRov1kvHQlCBh zWbay++IImUzfsbrUbJsWtbQz5zd7WoeMVXwycELimgnu6pMDDfOmXnPyktSfkP+Y2afRyImMjuGmz onfCAORf8i939MF0Z78DKXqnm5ooMaXPCja7iWalvBWDsRQVJXMA4eNMfbKC582zqFpuWWwa5V8NWm VhoIH2++de0gRcjcmh/Wg9q2PogVDyiUpdPW0390l2OIviAlmCmDbOMeMMvmSAOonJmYnfqgmklT82 erZE+jj8vv/93kMS/3ldvy0UA/t4FMfRnggOei1u5ghurEjEm+jmBceT6Qrg== X-Developer-Key: i=memxor@gmail.com; a=openpgp; fpr=4BBE2A7E06ECF9D5823C61114CE0C88648BF11CA X-Patchwork-Delegate: bpf@iogearbox.net Implement the wait queue cleanup algorithm for rqspinlock. There are three forms of waiters in the original queued spin lock algorithm. The first is the waiter which acquires the pending bit and spins on the lock word without forming a wait queue. The second is the head waiter that is the first waiter heading the wait queue. The third form is of all the non-head waiters queued behind the head, waiting to be signalled through their MCS node to overtake the responsibility of the head. In this commit, we are concerned with the second and third kind. First, we augment the waiting loop of the head of the wait queue with a timeout. When this timeout happens, all waiters part of the wait queue will abort their lock acquisition attempts. This happens in three steps. First, the head breaks out of its loop waiting for pending and locked bits to turn to 0, and non-head waiters break out of their MCS node spin (more on that later). Next, every waiter (head or non-head) attempts to check whether they are also the tail waiter, in such a case they attempt to zero out the tail word and allow a new queue to be built up for this lock. If they succeed, they have no one to signal next in the queue to stop spinning. Otherwise, they signal the MCS node of the next waiter to break out of its spin and try resetting the tail word back to 0. This goes on until the tail waiter is found. In case of races, the new tail will be responsible for performing the same task, as the old tail will then fail to reset the tail word and wait for its next pointer to be updated before it signals the new tail to do the same. We terminate the whole wait queue because of two main reasons. Firstly, we eschew per-waiter timeouts with one applied at the head of the wait queue. This allows everyone to break out faster once we've seen the owner / pending waiter not responding for the timeout duration from the head. Secondly, it avoids complicated synchronization, because when not leaving in FIFO order, prev's next pointer needs to be fixed up etc. Lastly, all of these waiters release the rqnode and return to the caller. This patch underscores the point that rqspinlock's timeout does not apply to each waiter individually, and cannot be relied upon as an upper bound. It is possible for the rqspinlock waiters to return early from a failed lock acquisition attempt as soon as stalls are detected. The head waiter cannot directly WRITE_ONCE the tail to zero, as it may race with a concurrent xchg and a non-head waiter linking its MCS node to the head's MCS node through 'prev->next' assignment. One notable thing is that we must use RES_DEF_TIMEOUT * 2 as our maximum duration for the waiting loop (for the wait queue head), since we may have both the owner and pending bit waiter ahead of us, and in the worst case, need to span their maximum permitted critical section lengths. Reviewed-by: Barret Rhoden Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi --- kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.c | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.h | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) create mode 100644 kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.h diff --git a/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.c b/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.c index 262294cfd36f..65c2b41d8937 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.c @@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ struct rqspinlock_timeout { u16 spin; }; +#define RES_TIMEOUT_VAL 2 + static noinline int check_timeout(struct rqspinlock_timeout *ts) { u64 time = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns(); @@ -325,12 +327,18 @@ int __lockfunc resilient_queued_spin_lock_slowpath(rqspinlock_t *lock, u32 val) * head of the waitqueue. */ if (old & _Q_TAIL_MASK) { + int val; + prev = decode_tail(old, rqnodes); /* Link @node into the waitqueue. */ WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, node); - arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(&node->locked); + val = arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(&node->locked); + if (val == RES_TIMEOUT_VAL) { + ret = -EDEADLK; + goto waitq_timeout; + } /* * While waiting for the MCS lock, the next pointer may have @@ -353,8 +361,49 @@ int __lockfunc resilient_queued_spin_lock_slowpath(rqspinlock_t *lock, u32 val) * store-release that clears the locked bit and create lock * sequentiality; this is because the set_locked() function below * does not imply a full barrier. + * + * We use RES_DEF_TIMEOUT * 2 as the duration, as RES_DEF_TIMEOUT is + * meant to span maximum allowed time per critical section, and we may + * have both the owner of the lock and the pending bit waiter ahead of + * us. */ - val = atomic_cond_read_acquire(&lock->val, !(VAL & _Q_LOCKED_PENDING_MASK)); + RES_RESET_TIMEOUT(ts, RES_DEF_TIMEOUT * 2); + val = res_atomic_cond_read_acquire(&lock->val, !(VAL & _Q_LOCKED_PENDING_MASK) || + RES_CHECK_TIMEOUT(ts, ret)); + +waitq_timeout: + if (ret) { + /* + * If the tail is still pointing to us, then we are the final waiter, + * and are responsible for resetting the tail back to 0. Otherwise, if + * the cmpxchg operation fails, we signal the next waiter to take exit + * and try the same. For a waiter with tail node 'n': + * + * n,*,* -> 0,*,* + * + * When performing cmpxchg for the whole word (NR_CPUS > 16k), it is + * possible locked/pending bits keep changing and we see failures even + * when we remain the head of wait queue. However, eventually, + * pending bit owner will unset the pending bit, and new waiters + * will queue behind us. This will leave the lock owner in + * charge, and it will eventually either set locked bit to 0, or + * leave it as 1, allowing us to make progress. + * + * We terminate the whole wait queue for two reasons. Firstly, + * we eschew per-waiter timeouts with one applied at the head of + * the wait queue. This allows everyone to break out faster + * once we've seen the owner / pending waiter not responding for + * the timeout duration from the head. Secondly, it avoids + * complicated synchronization, because when not leaving in FIFO + * order, prev's next pointer needs to be fixed up etc. + */ + if (!try_cmpxchg_tail(lock, tail, 0)) { + next = smp_cond_load_relaxed(&node->next, VAL); + WRITE_ONCE(next->locked, RES_TIMEOUT_VAL); + } + lockevent_inc(rqspinlock_lock_timeout); + goto release; + } /* * claim the lock: @@ -399,6 +448,6 @@ int __lockfunc resilient_queued_spin_lock_slowpath(rqspinlock_t *lock, u32 val) * release the node */ __this_cpu_dec(rqnodes[0].mcs.count); - return 0; + return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(resilient_queued_spin_lock_slowpath); diff --git a/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.h b/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5d8cb1b1aab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/bpf/rqspinlock.h @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */ +/* + * Resilient Queued Spin Lock defines + * + * (C) Copyright 2024-2025 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. + * + * Authors: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi + */ +#ifndef __LINUX_RQSPINLOCK_H +#define __LINUX_RQSPINLOCK_H + +#include "../locking/qspinlock.h" + +/* + * try_cmpxchg_tail - Return result of cmpxchg of tail word with a new value + * @lock: Pointer to queued spinlock structure + * @tail: The tail to compare against + * @new_tail: The new queue tail code word + * Return: Bool to indicate whether the cmpxchg operation succeeded + * + * This is used by the head of the wait queue to clean up the queue. + * Provides relaxed ordering, since observers only rely on initialized + * state of the node which was made visible through the xchg_tail operation, + * i.e. through the smp_wmb preceding xchg_tail. + * + * We avoid using 16-bit cmpxchg, which is not available on all architectures. + */ +static __always_inline bool try_cmpxchg_tail(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 tail, u32 new_tail) +{ + u32 old, new; + + old = atomic_read(&lock->val); + do { + /* + * Is the tail part we compare to already stale? Fail. + */ + if ((old & _Q_TAIL_MASK) != tail) + return false; + /* + * Encode latest locked/pending state for new tail. + */ + new = (old & _Q_LOCKED_PENDING_MASK) | new_tail; + } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&lock->val, &old, new)); + + return true; +} + +#endif /* __LINUX_RQSPINLOCK_H */