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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CTU CAN FD Driver
+=================
+
+Author: Martin Jerabek <martin.jerabek01@gmail.com>
+
+
+About CTU CAN FD IP Core
+------------------------
+
+`CTU CAN FD <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/ctucanfd_ip_core>`_
+is an open source soft core written in VHDL.
+It originated in 2015 as Ondrej Ille's project
+at the `Department of Measurement <https://meas.fel.cvut.cz/>`_
+of `FEE <http://www.fel.cvut.cz/en/>`_ at `CTU <https://www.cvut.cz/en>`_.
+
+The SocketCAN driver for Xilinx Zynq SoC based MicroZed board
+`Vivado integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/zynq/zynq-can-sja1000-top>`_
+and Intel Cyclone V 5CSEMA4U23C6 based DE0-Nano-SoC Terasic board
+`QSys integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/intel-soc-ctucanfd>`_
+has been developed as well as support for
+`PCIe integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/pcie-ctucanfd>`_ of the core.
+
+In the case of Zynq, the core is connected via the APB system bus, which does
+not have enumeration support, and the device must be specified in Device Tree.
+This kind of devices is called platform device in the kernel and is
+handled by a platform device driver.
+
+The basic functional model of the CTU CAN FD peripheral has been
+accepted into QEMU mainline. See QEMU `CAN emulation support <https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/devices/can.html>`_
+for CAN FD buses, host connection and CTU CAN FD core emulation. The development
+version of emulation support can be cloned from ctu-canfd branch of QEMU local
+development `repository <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/qemu-canbus>`_.
+
+
+About SocketCAN
+---------------
+
+SocketCAN is a standard common interface for CAN devices in the Linux
+kernel. As the name suggests, the bus is accessed via sockets, similarly
+to common network devices. The reasoning behind this is in depth
+described in `Linux SocketCAN <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/can.html>`_.
+In short, it offers a
+natural way to implement and work with higher layer protocols over CAN,
+in the same way as, e.g., UDP/IP over Ethernet.
+
+Device probe
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Before going into detail about the structure of a CAN bus device driver,
+let's reiterate how the kernel gets to know about the device at all.
+Some buses, like PCI or PCIe, support device enumeration. That is, when
+the system boots, it discovers all the devices on the bus and reads
+their configuration. The kernel identifies the device via its vendor ID
+and device ID, and if there is a driver registered for this identifier
+combination, its probe method is invoked to populate the driver's
+instance for the given hardware. A similar situation goes with USB, only
+it allows for device hot-plug.
+
+The situation is different for peripherals which are directly embedded
+in the SoC and connected to an internal system bus (AXI, APB, Avalon,
+and others). These buses do not support enumeration, and thus the kernel
+has to learn about the devices from elsewhere. This is exactly what the
+Device Tree was made for.
+
+Device tree
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+An entry in device tree states that a device exists in the system, how
+it is reachable (on which bus it resides) and its configuration –
+registers address, interrupts and so on. An example of such a device
+tree is given in .
+
+.. code:: raw
+
+           / {
+               /* ... */
+               amba: amba {
+                   #address-cells = <1>;
+                   #size-cells = <1>;
+                   compatible = "simple-bus";
+
+                   CTU_CAN_FD_0: CTU_CAN_FD@43c30000 {
+                       compatible = "ctu,ctucanfd";
+                       interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
+                       interrupts = <0 30 4>;
+                       clocks = <&clkc 15>;
+                       reg = <0x43c30000 0x10000>;
+                   };
+               };
+           };
+
+
+.. _sec:socketcan:drv:
+
+Driver structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The driver can be divided into two parts – platform-dependent device
+discovery and set up, and platform-independent CAN network device
+implementation.
+
+.. _sec:socketcan:platdev:
+
+Platform device driver
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In the case of Zynq, the core is connected via the AXI system bus, which
+does not have enumeration support, and the device must be specified in
+Device Tree. This kind of devices is called *platform device* in the
+kernel and is handled by a *platform device driver*\  [1]_.
+
+A platform device driver provides the following things:
+
+-  A *probe* function
+
+-  A *remove* function
+
+-  A table of *compatible* devices that the driver can handle
+
+The *probe* function is called exactly once when the device appears (or
+the driver is loaded, whichever happens later). If there are more
+devices handled by the same driver, the *probe* function is called for
+each one of them. Its role is to allocate and initialize resources
+required for handling the device, as well as set up low-level functions
+for the platform-independent layer, e.g., *read_reg* and *write_reg*.
+After that, the driver registers the device to a higher layer, in our
+case as a *network device*.
+
+The *remove* function is called when the device disappears, or the
+driver is about to be unloaded. It serves to free the resources
+allocated in *probe* and to unregister the device from higher layers.
+
+Finally, the table of *compatible* devices states which devices the
+driver can handle. The Device Tree entry ``compatible`` is matched
+against the tables of all *platform drivers*.
+
+.. code:: c
+
+           /* Match table for OF platform binding */
+           static const struct of_device_id ctucan_of_match[] = {
+               { .compatible = "ctu,canfd-2", },
+               { .compatible = "ctu,ctucanfd", },
+               { /* end of list */ },
+           };
+           MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, ctucan_of_match);
+
+           static int ctucan_probe(struct platform_device *pdev);
+           static int ctucan_remove(struct platform_device *pdev);
+
+           static struct platform_driver ctucanfd_driver = {
+               .probe  = ctucan_probe,
+               .remove = ctucan_remove,
+               .driver = {
+                   .name = DRIVER_NAME,
+                   .of_match_table = ctucan_of_match,
+               },
+           };
+           module_platform_driver(ctucanfd_driver);
+
+
+.. _sec:socketcan:netdev:
+
+Network device driver
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Each network device must support at least these operations:
+
+-  Bring the device up: ``ndo_open``
+
+-  Bring the device down: ``ndo_close``
+
+-  Submit TX frames to the device: ``ndo_start_xmit``
+
+-  Signal TX completion and errors to the network subsystem: ISR
+
+-  Submit RX frames to the network subsystem: ISR and NAPI
+
+There are two possible event sources: the device and the network
+subsystem. Device events are usually signaled via an interrupt, handled
+in an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). Handlers for the events
+originating in the network subsystem are then specified in
+``struct net_device_ops``.
+
+When the device is brought up, e.g., by calling ``ip link set can0 up``,
+the driver’s function ``ndo_open`` is called. It should validate the
+interface configuration and configure and enable the device. The
+analogous opposite is ``ndo_close``, called when the device is being
+brought down, be it explicitly or implicitly.
+
+When the system should transmit a frame, it does so by calling
+``ndo_start_xmit``, which enqueues the frame into the device. If the
+device HW queue (FIFO, mailboxes or whatever the implementation is)
+becomes full, the ``ndo_start_xmit`` implementation informs the network
+subsystem that it should stop the TX queue (via ``netif_stop_queue``).
+It is then re-enabled later in ISR when the device has some space
+available again and is able to enqueue another frame.
+
+All the device events are handled in ISR, namely:
+
+#. **TX completion**. When the device successfully finishes transmitting
+   a frame, the frame is echoed locally. On error, an informative error
+   frame [2]_ is sent to the network subsystem instead. In both cases,
+   the software TX queue is resumed so that more frames may be sent.
+
+#. **Error condition**. If something goes wrong (e.g., the device goes
+   bus-off or RX overrun happens), error counters are updated, and
+   informative error frames are enqueued to SW RX queue.
+
+#. **RX buffer not empty**. In this case, read the RX frames and enqueue
+   them to SW RX queue. Usually NAPI is used as a middle layer (see ).
+
+.. _sec:socketcan:napi:
+
+NAPI
+~~~~
+
+The frequency of incoming frames can be high and the overhead to invoke
+the interrupt service routine for each frame can cause significant
+system load. There are multiple mechanisms in the Linux kernel to deal
+with this situation. They evolved over the years of Linux kernel
+development and enhancements. For network devices, the current standard
+is NAPI – *the New API*. It is similar to classical top-half/bottom-half
+interrupt handling in that it only acknowledges the interrupt in the ISR
+and signals that the rest of the processing should be done in softirq
+context. On top of that, it offers the possibility to *poll* for new
+frames for a while. This has a potential to avoid the costly round of
+enabling interrupts, handling an incoming IRQ in ISR, re-enabling the
+softirq and switching context back to softirq.
+
+More detailed documentation of NAPI may be found on the pages of Linux
+Foundation `<https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/napi>`_.
+
+Integrating the core to Xilinx Zynq
+-----------------------------------
+
+The core interfaces a simple subset of the Avalon
+(search for Intel **Avalon Interface Specifications**)
+bus as it was originally used on
+Alterra FPGA chips, yet Xilinx natively interfaces with AXI
+(search for ARM **AMBA AXI and ACE Protocol Specification AXI3,
+AXI4, and AXI4-Lite, ACE and ACE-Lite**).
+The most obvious solution would be to use
+an Avalon/AXI bridge or implement some simple conversion entity.
+However, the core’s interface is half-duplex with no handshake
+signaling, whereas AXI is full duplex with two-way signaling. Moreover,
+even AXI-Lite slave interface is quite resource-intensive, and the
+flexibility and speed of AXI are not required for a CAN core.
+
+Thus a much simpler bus was chosen – APB (Advanced Peripheral Bus)
+(search for ARM **AMBA APB Protocol Specification**).
+APB-AXI bridge is directly available in
+Xilinx Vivado, and the interface adaptor entity is just a few simple
+combinatorial assignments.
+
+Finally, to be able to include the core in a block diagram as a custom
+IP, the core, together with the APB interface, has been packaged as a
+Vivado component.
+
+CTU CAN FD Driver design
+------------------------
+
+The general structure of a CAN device driver has already been examined
+in . The next paragraphs provide a more detailed description of the CTU
+CAN FD core driver in particular.
+
+Low-level driver
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The core is not intended to be used solely with SocketCAN, and thus it
+is desirable to have an OS-independent low-level driver. This low-level
+driver can then be used in implementations of OS driver or directly
+either on bare metal or in a user-space application. Another advantage
+is that if the hardware slightly changes, only the low-level driver
+needs to be modified.
+
+The code [3]_ is in part automatically generated and in part written
+manually by the core author, with contributions of the thesis’ author.
+The low-level driver supports operations such as: set bit timing, set
+controller mode, enable/disable, read RX frame, write TX frame, and so
+on.
+
+Configuring bit timing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+On CAN, each bit is divided into four segments: SYNC, PROP, PHASE1, and
+PHASE2. Their duration is expressed in multiples of a Time Quantum
+(details in `CAN Specification, Version 2.0 <http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/webres/can20.pdf>`_, chapter 8).
+When configuring
+bitrate, the durations of all the segments (and time quantum) must be
+computed from the bitrate and Sample Point. This is performed
+independently for both the Nominal bitrate and Data bitrate for CAN FD.
+
+SocketCAN is fairly flexible and offers either highly customized
+configuration by setting all the segment durations manually, or a
+convenient configuration by setting just the bitrate and sample point
+(and even that is chosen automatically per Bosch recommendation if not
+specified). However, each CAN controller may have different base clock
+frequency and different width of segment duration registers. The
+algorithm thus needs the minimum and maximum values for the durations
+(and clock prescaler) and tries to optimize the numbers to fit both the
+constraints and the requested parameters.
+
+.. code:: c
+
+           struct can_bittiming_const {
+               char name[16];      /* Name of the CAN controller hardware */
+               __u32 tseg1_min;    /* Time segment 1 = prop_seg + phase_seg1 */
+               __u32 tseg1_max;
+               __u32 tseg2_min;    /* Time segment 2 = phase_seg2 */
+               __u32 tseg2_max;
+               __u32 sjw_max;      /* Synchronisation jump width */
+               __u32 brp_min;      /* Bit-rate prescaler */
+               __u32 brp_max;
+               __u32 brp_inc;
+           };
+
+
+[lst:can_bittiming_const]
+
+A curious reader will notice that the durations of the segments PROP_SEG
+and PHASE_SEG1 are not determined separately but rather combined and
+then, by default, the resulting TSEG1 is evenly divided between PROP_SEG
+and PHASE_SEG1. In practice, this has virtually no consequences as the
+sample point is between PHASE_SEG1 and PHASE_SEG2. In CTU CAN FD,
+however, the duration registers ``PROP`` and ``PH1`` have different
+widths (6 and 7 bits, respectively), so the auto-computed values might
+overflow the shorter register and must thus be redistributed among the
+two [4]_.
+
+Handling RX
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Frame reception is handled in NAPI queue, which is enabled from ISR when
+the RXNE (RX FIFO Not Empty) bit is set. Frames are read one by one
+until either no frame is left in the RX FIFO or the maximum work quota
+has been reached for the NAPI poll run (see ). Each frame is then passed
+to the network interface RX queue.
+
+An incoming frame may be either a CAN 2.0 frame or a CAN FD frame. The
+way to distinguish between these two in the kernel is to allocate either
+``struct can_frame`` or ``struct canfd_frame``, the two having different
+sizes. In the controller, the information about the frame type is stored
+in the first word of RX FIFO.
+
+This brings us a chicken-egg problem: we want to allocate the ``skb``
+for the frame, and only if it succeeds, fetch the frame from FIFO;
+otherwise keep it there for later. But to be able to allocate the
+correct ``skb``, we have to fetch the first work of FIFO. There are
+several possible solutions:
+
+#. Read the word, then allocate. If it fails, discard the rest of the
+   frame. When the system is low on memory, the situation is bad anyway.
+
+#. Always allocate ``skb`` big enough for an FD frame beforehand. Then
+   tweak the ``skb`` internals to look like it has been allocated for
+   the smaller CAN 2.0 frame.
+
+#. Add option to peek into the FIFO instead of consuming the word.
+
+#. If the allocation fails, store the read word into driver’s data. On
+   the next try, use the stored word instead of reading it again.
+
+Option 1 is simple enough, but not very satisfying if we could do
+better. Option 2 is not acceptable, as it would require modifying the
+private state of an integral kernel structure. The slightly higher
+memory consumption is just a virtual cherry on top of the “cake”. Option
+3 requires non-trivial HW changes and is not ideal from the HW point of
+view.
+
+Option 4 seems like a good compromise, with its disadvantage being that
+a partial frame may stay in the FIFO for a prolonged time. Nonetheless,
+there may be just one owner of the RX FIFO, and thus no one else should
+see the partial frame (disregarding some exotic debugging scenarios).
+Basides, the driver resets the core on its initialization, so the
+partial frame cannot be “adopted” either. In the end, option 4 was
+selected [5]_.
+
+.. _subsec:ctucanfd:rxtimestamp:
+
+Timestamping RX frames
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The CTU CAN FD core reports the exact timestamp when the frame has been
+received. The timestamp is by default captured at the sample point of
+the last bit of EOF but is configurable to be captured at the SOF bit.
+The timestamp source is external to the core and may be up to 64 bits
+wide. At the time of writing, passing the timestamp from kernel to
+userspace is not yet implemented, but is planned in the future.
+
+Handling TX
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The CTU CAN FD core has 4 independent TX buffers, each with its own
+state and priority. When the core wants to transmit, a TX buffer in
+Ready state with the highest priority is selected.
+
+The priorities are 3bit numbers in register TX_PRIORITY
+(nibble-aligned). This should be flexible enough for most use cases.
+SocketCAN, however, supports only one FIFO queue for outgoing
+frames [6]_. The buffer priorities may be used to simulate the FIFO
+behavior by assigning each buffer a distinct priority and *rotating* the
+priorities after a frame transmission is completed.
+
+In addition to priority rotation, the SW must maintain head and tail
+pointers into the FIFO formed by the TX buffers to be able to determine
+which buffer should be used for next frame (``txb_head``) and which
+should be the first completed one (``txb_tail``). The actual buffer
+indices are (obviously) modulo 4 (number of TX buffers), but the
+pointers must be at least one bit wider to be able to distinguish
+between FIFO full and FIFO empty – in this situation,
+:math:`txb\_head \equiv txb\_tail\ (\textrm{mod}\ 4)`. An example of how
+the FIFO is maintained, together with priority rotation, is depicted in
+
+|
+
++------+---+---+---+---+
+| TXB# | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
++======+===+===+===+===+
+| Seq  | A | B | C |   |
++------+---+---+---+---+
+| Prio | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
++------+---+---+---+---+
+|      |   | T |   | H |
++------+---+---+---+---+
+
+|
+
++------+---+---+---+---+
+| TXB# | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
++======+===+===+===+===+
+| Seq  |   | B | C |   |
++------+---+---+---+---+
+| Prio | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
++------+---+---+---+---+
+|      |   | T |   | H |
++------+---+---+---+---+
+
+|
+
++------+---+---+---+---+----+
+| TXB# | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0’ |
++======+===+===+===+===+====+
+| Seq  | E | B | C | D |    |
++------+---+---+---+---+----+
+| Prio | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 |    |
++------+---+---+---+---+----+
+|      |   | T |   |   | H  |
++------+---+---+---+---+----+
+
+|
+
+.. figure:: fsm_txt_buffer_user.svg
+
+   TX Buffer states with possible transitions
+
+.. _subsec:ctucanfd:txtimestamp:
+
+Timestamping TX frames
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+When submitting a frame to a TX buffer, one may specify the timestamp at
+which the frame should be transmitted. The frame transmission may start
+later, but not sooner. Note that the timestamp does not participate in
+buffer prioritization – that is decided solely by the mechanism
+described above.
+
+Support for time-based packet transmission was recently merged to Linux
+v4.19 `Time-based packet transmission <https://lwn.net/Articles/748879/>`_,
+but it remains yet to be researched
+whether this functionality will be practical for CAN.
+
+Also similarly to retrieving the timestamp of RX frames, the core
+supports retrieving the timestamp of TX frames – that is the time when
+the frame was successfully delivered. The particulars are very similar
+to timestamping RX frames and are described in .
+
+Handling RX buffer overrun
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When a received frame does no more fit into the hardware RX FIFO in its
+entirety, RX FIFO overrun flag (STATUS[DOR]) is set and Data Overrun
+Interrupt (DOI) is triggered. When servicing the interrupt, care must be
+taken first to clear the DOR flag (via COMMAND[CDO]) and after that
+clear the DOI interrupt flag. Otherwise, the interrupt would be
+immediately [7]_ rearmed.
+
+**Note**: During development, it was discussed whether the internal HW
+pipelining cannot disrupt this clear sequence and whether an additional
+dummy cycle is necessary between clearing the flag and the interrupt. On
+the Avalon interface, it indeed proved to be the case, but APB being
+safe because it uses 2-cycle transactions. Essentially, the DOR flag
+would be cleared, but DOI register’s Preset input would still be high
+the cycle when the DOI clear request would also be applied (by setting
+the register’s Reset input high). As Set had higher priority than Reset,
+the DOI flag would not be reset. This has been already fixed by swapping
+the Set/Reset priority (see issue #187).
+
+Reporting Error Passive and Bus Off conditions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It may be desirable to report when the node reaches *Error Passive*,
+*Error Warning*, and *Bus Off* conditions. The driver is notified about
+error state change by an interrupt (EPI, EWLI), and then proceeds to
+determine the core’s error state by reading its error counters.
+
+There is, however, a slight race condition here – there is a delay
+between the time when the state transition occurs (and the interrupt is
+triggered) and when the error counters are read. When EPI is received,
+the node may be either *Error Passive* or *Bus Off*. If the node goes
+*Bus Off*, it obviously remains in the state until it is reset.
+Otherwise, the node is *or was* *Error Passive*. However, it may happen
+that the read state is *Error Warning* or even *Error Active*. It may be
+unclear whether and what exactly to report in that case, but I
+personally entertain the idea that the past error condition should still
+be reported. Similarly, when EWLI is received but the state is later
+detected to be *Error Passive*, *Error Passive* should be reported.
+
+
+CTU CAN FD Driver Sources Reference
+-----------------------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/net/can/ctucanfd/ctucanfd.h
+   :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/net/can/ctucanfd/ctucanfd_base.c
+   :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/net/can/ctucanfd/ctucanfd_pci.c
+   :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/net/can/ctucanfd/ctucanfd_platform.c
+   :internal:
+
+CTU CAN FD IP Core and Driver Development Acknowledgment
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+* Odrej Ille <illeondr@fel.cvut.cz>
+
+  * started the project as student at Department of Measurement, FEE, CTU
+  * invested great amount of personal time and enthusiasm to the project over years
+  * worked on more funded tasks
+
+* `Department of Measurement <https://meas.fel.cvut.cz/>`_,
+  `Faculty of Electrical Engineering <http://www.fel.cvut.cz/en/>`_,
+  `Czech Technical University <https://www.cvut.cz/en>`_
+
+  * is the main investor into the project over many years
+  * uses project in their CAN/CAN FD diagnostics framework for `Skoda Auto <https://www.skoda-auto.cz/>`_
+
+* `Digiteq Automotive <https://www.digiteqautomotive.com/en>`_
+
+  * funding of the project CAN FD Open Cores Support Linux Kernel Based Systems
+  * negotiated and paid CTU to allow public access to the project
+  * provided additional funding of the work
+
+* `Department of Control Engineering <https://control.fel.cvut.cz/en>`_,
+  `Faculty of Electrical Engineering <http://www.fel.cvut.cz/en/>`_,
+  `Czech Technical University <https://www.cvut.cz/en>`_
+
+  * solving the project CAN FD Open Cores Support Linux Kernel Based Systems
+  * providing GitLab management
+  * virtual servers and computational power for continuous integration
+  * providing hardware for HIL continuous integration tests
+
+* `PiKRON Ltd. <http://pikron.com/>`_
+
+  * minor funding to initiate preparation of the project open-sourcing
+
+* Petr Porazil <porazil@pikron.com>
+
+  * design of PCIe transceiver addon board and assembly of boards
+  * design and assembly of MZ_APO baseboard for MicroZed/Zynq based system
+
+* Martin Jerabek <martin.jerabek01@gmail.com>
+
+  * Linux driver development
+  * continuous integration platform architect and GHDL updates
+  * theses `Open-source and Open-hardware CAN FD Protocol Support <https://dspace.cvut.cz/bitstream/handle/10467/80366/F3-DP-2019-Jerabek-Martin-Jerabek-thesis-2019-canfd.pdf>`_
+
+* Jiri Novak <jnovak@fel.cvut.cz>
+
+  * project initiation, management and use at Department of Measurement, FEE, CTU
+
+* Pavel Pisa <pisa@cmp.felk.cvut.cz>
+
+  * initiate open-sourcing, project coordination, management at Department of Control Engineering, FEE, CTU
+
+* Jaroslav Beran<jara.beran@gmail.com>
+
+ * system integration for Intel SoC, core and driver testing and updates
+
+* Carsten Emde (`OSADL <https://www.osadl.org/>`_)
+
+ * provided OSADL expertise to discuss IP core licensing
+ * pointed to possible deadlock for LGPL and CAN bus possible patent case which lead to relicense IP core design to BSD like license
+
+* Reiner Zitzmann and Holger Zeltwanger (`CAN in Automation <https://www.can-cia.org/>`_)
+
+ * provided suggestions and help to inform community about the project and invited us to events focused on CAN bus future development directions
+
+* Jan Charvat
+
+ * implemented CTU CAN FD functional model for QEMU which has been integrated into QEMU mainline (`docs/system/devices/can.rst <https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/devices/can.html>`_)
+ * Bachelor theses Model of CAN FD Communication Controller for QEMU Emulator
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+
+.. [1]
+   Other buses have their own specific driver interface to set up the
+   device.
+
+.. [2]
+   Not to be mistaken with CAN Error Frame. This is a ``can_frame`` with
+   ``CAN_ERR_FLAG`` set and some error info in its ``data`` field.
+
+.. [3]
+   Available in CTU CAN FD repository
+   `<https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/ctucanfd_ip_core>`_
+
+.. [4]
+   As is done in the low-level driver functions
+   ``ctucan_hw_set_nom_bittiming`` and
+   ``ctucan_hw_set_data_bittiming``.
+
+.. [5]
+   At the time of writing this thesis, option 1 is still being used and
+   the modification is queued in gitlab issue #222
+
+.. [6]
+   Strictly speaking, multiple CAN TX queues are supported since v4.19
+   `can: enable multi-queue for SocketCAN devices <https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/913526/>`_ but no mainline driver is using
+   them yet.
+
+.. [7]
+   Or rather in the next clock cycle
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b371650788f45
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