diff mbox series

net: vmxnet3: validate configuration values during activate (CVE-2021-20203)

Message ID 20210130131652.954143-1-ppandit@redhat.com (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show
Series net: vmxnet3: validate configuration values during activate (CVE-2021-20203) | expand

Commit Message

Prasad Pandit Jan. 30, 2021, 1:16 p.m. UTC
From: Prasad J Pandit <pjp@fedoraproject.org>

While activating device in vmxnet3_acticate_device(), it does not
validate guest supplied configuration values against predefined
minimum - maximum limits. This may lead to integer overflow or
OOB access issues. Add checks to avoid it.

Fixes: CVE-2021-20203
Buglink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1913873
Reported-by: Gaoning Pan <pgn@zju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Prasad J Pandit <pjp@fedoraproject.org>
---
 hw/net/vmxnet3.c | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

Comments

Thomas Huth Oct. 18, 2021, 6:50 a.m. UTC | #1
On 30/01/2021 14.16, P J P wrote:
> From: Prasad J Pandit <pjp@fedoraproject.org>
> 
> While activating device in vmxnet3_acticate_device(), it does not
> validate guest supplied configuration values against predefined
> minimum - maximum limits. This may lead to integer overflow or
> OOB access issues. Add checks to avoid it.
> 
> Fixes: CVE-2021-20203
> Buglink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1913873
> Reported-by: Gaoning Pan <pgn@zju.edu.cn>
> Signed-off-by: Prasad J Pandit <pjp@fedoraproject.org>
> ---
>   hw/net/vmxnet3.c | 13 +++++++++++++
>   1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
> index eff299f629..4a910ca971 100644
> --- a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
> +++ b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
> @@ -1420,6 +1420,7 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>       vmxnet3_setup_rx_filtering(s);
>       /* Cache fields from shared memory */
>       s->mtu = VMXNET3_READ_DRV_SHARED32(d, s->drv_shmem, devRead.misc.mtu);
> +    assert(VMXNET3_MIN_MTU <= s->mtu && s->mtu < VMXNET3_MAX_MTU);
>       VMW_CFPRN("MTU is %u", s->mtu);
>   
>       s->max_rx_frags =
> @@ -1473,6 +1474,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>           /* Read rings memory locations for TX queues */
>           pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingBasePA);
>           size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingSize);
> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
> +            size = VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
> +        }
>   
>           vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].tx_ring, pa, size,
>                             sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxDesc), false);
> @@ -1483,6 +1487,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>           /* TXC ring */
>           pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>           size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingSize);
> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
> +            size = VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
> +        }
>           vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>                             sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxCompDesc), true);
>           VMXNET3_RING_DUMP(VMW_CFPRN, "TXC", i, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring);
> @@ -1524,6 +1531,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>               /* RX rings */
>               pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingBasePA[j]);
>               size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingSize[j]);
> +            if (size > VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
> +                size = VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
> +            }
>               vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].rx_ring[j], pa, size,
>                                 sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxDesc), false);
>               VMW_CFPRN("RX queue %d:%d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d",
> @@ -1533,6 +1543,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>           /* RXC ring */
>           pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>           size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingSize);
> +        if (size > VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
> +            size = VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
> +        }
>           vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>                             sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxCompDesc), true);
>           VMW_CFPRN("RXC queue %d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d", i, pa, size);
> 

Ping!

According to 
https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/308#note_705736713 this is 
still an issue...

Patch looks fine to me ... maybe just add some 
qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, ...) statements before correcting the values?

  Thomas
Prasad Pandit Oct. 18, 2021, 9:09 a.m. UTC | #2
On Monday, 18 October, 2021, 12:20:55 pm IST, Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> wrote:
On 30/01/2021 14.16, P J P wrote:
>> diff --git a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>> index eff299f629..4a910ca971 100644
>> --- a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>> +++ b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>> @@ -1420,6 +1420,7 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>      vmxnet3_setup_rx_filtering(s);
>>      /* Cache fields from shared memory */
>>      s->mtu = VMXNET3_READ_DRV_SHARED32(d, s->drv_shmem, devRead.misc.mtu);
>> +    assert(VMXNET3_MIN_MTU <= s->mtu && s->mtu < VMXNET3_MAX_MTU);
>>      VMW_CFPRN("MTU is %u", s->mtu);
>>  
>>      s->max_rx_frags =
>> @@ -1473,6 +1474,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>          /* Read rings memory locations for TX queues */
>>          pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingBasePA);
>>          size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingSize);
>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>> +            size = VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>> +        }
>>  
>>          vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].tx_ring, pa, size,
>>                            sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxDesc), false);
>> @@ -1483,6 +1487,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>          /* TXC ring */
>>          pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>>          size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingSize);
>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>> +            size = VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>> +        }
>>          vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>>                            sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxCompDesc), true);
>>          VMXNET3_RING_DUMP(VMW_CFPRN, "TXC", i, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring);
>> @@ -1524,6 +1531,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>              /* RX rings */
>>              pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingBasePA[j]);
>>              size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingSize[j]);
>> +            if (size > VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>> +                size = VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>> +            }
>>              vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].rx_ring[j], pa, size,
>>                                sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxDesc), false);
>>              VMW_CFPRN("RX queue %d:%d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d",
>> @@ -1533,6 +1543,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>          /* RXC ring */
>>          pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>>          size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingSize);
>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>> +            size = VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>> +        }
>>          vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>>                            sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxCompDesc), true);
>>          VMW_CFPRN("RXC queue %d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d", i, pa, size);
>> 
>>
>Ping!
>
>According to 
>https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/308#note_705736713 this is 
>still an issue...
>
>Patch looks fine to me ... maybe just add some 
>qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, ...) statements before correcting the values?


* Oops! Not sure how I missed it, thought it was pulled upstream.
  Will send a revised patch.


Thank you.
---
  - P J P
Philippe Mathieu-Daudé Nov. 18, 2021, 12:32 p.m. UTC | #3
ping?

On 10/18/21 11:09, P J P wrote:
> On Monday, 18 October, 2021, 12:20:55 pm IST, Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> wrote:
> On 30/01/2021 14.16, P J P wrote:
>>> diff --git a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>>> index eff299f629..4a910ca971 100644
>>> --- a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>>> +++ b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>>> @@ -1420,6 +1420,7 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>       vmxnet3_setup_rx_filtering(s);
>>>       /* Cache fields from shared memory */
>>>       s->mtu = VMXNET3_READ_DRV_SHARED32(d, s->drv_shmem, devRead.misc.mtu);
>>> +    assert(VMXNET3_MIN_MTU <= s->mtu && s->mtu < VMXNET3_MAX_MTU);
>>>       VMW_CFPRN("MTU is %u", s->mtu);
>>>   
>>>       s->max_rx_frags =
>>> @@ -1473,6 +1474,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>           /* Read rings memory locations for TX queues */
>>>           pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingBasePA);
>>>           size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingSize);
>>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>> +            size = VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>> +        }
>>>   
>>>           vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].tx_ring, pa, size,
>>>                             sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxDesc), false);
>>> @@ -1483,6 +1487,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>           /* TXC ring */
>>>           pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>>>           size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingSize);
>>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>> +            size = VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>> +        }
>>>           vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>>>                             sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxCompDesc), true);
>>>           VMXNET3_RING_DUMP(VMW_CFPRN, "TXC", i, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring);
>>> @@ -1524,6 +1531,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>               /* RX rings */
>>>               pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingBasePA[j]);
>>>               size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingSize[j]);
>>> +            if (size > VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>> +                size = VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>> +            }
>>>               vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].rx_ring[j], pa, size,
>>>                                 sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxDesc), false);
>>>               VMW_CFPRN("RX queue %d:%d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d",
>>> @@ -1533,6 +1543,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>           /* RXC ring */
>>>           pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>>>           size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingSize);
>>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>> +            size = VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>> +        }
>>>           vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>>>                             sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxCompDesc), true);
>>>           VMW_CFPRN("RXC queue %d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d", i, pa, size);
>>>
>>>
>> Ping!
>>
>> According to 
>> https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/308#note_705736713 this is 
>> still an issue...
>>
>> Patch looks fine to me ... maybe just add some 
>> qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, ...) statements before correcting the values?
> 
> 
> * Oops! Not sure how I missed it, thought it was pulled upstream.
>   Will send a revised patch.
> 
> 
> Thank you.
> ---
>   - P J P
>
Jason Wang Nov. 19, 2021, 3:30 a.m. UTC | #4
在 2021/11/18 下午8:32, Philippe Mathieu-Daudé 写道:
> ping?


Applied.

Thanks


>
> On 10/18/21 11:09, P J P wrote:
>> On Monday, 18 October, 2021, 12:20:55 pm IST, Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> wrote:
>> On 30/01/2021 14.16, P J P wrote:
>>>> diff --git a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>>>> index eff299f629..4a910ca971 100644
>>>> --- a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>>>> +++ b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
>>>> @@ -1420,6 +1420,7 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>>        vmxnet3_setup_rx_filtering(s);
>>>>        /* Cache fields from shared memory */
>>>>        s->mtu = VMXNET3_READ_DRV_SHARED32(d, s->drv_shmem, devRead.misc.mtu);
>>>> +    assert(VMXNET3_MIN_MTU <= s->mtu && s->mtu < VMXNET3_MAX_MTU);
>>>>        VMW_CFPRN("MTU is %u", s->mtu);
>>>>    
>>>>        s->max_rx_frags =
>>>> @@ -1473,6 +1474,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>>            /* Read rings memory locations for TX queues */
>>>>            pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingBasePA);
>>>>            size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingSize);
>>>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>>> +            size = VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>>> +        }
>>>>    
>>>>            vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].tx_ring, pa, size,
>>>>                              sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxDesc), false);
>>>> @@ -1483,6 +1487,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>>            /* TXC ring */
>>>>            pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>>>>            size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingSize);
>>>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>>> +            size = VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>>> +        }
>>>>            vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>>>>                              sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxCompDesc), true);
>>>>            VMXNET3_RING_DUMP(VMW_CFPRN, "TXC", i, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring);
>>>> @@ -1524,6 +1531,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>>                /* RX rings */
>>>>                pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingBasePA[j]);
>>>>                size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingSize[j]);
>>>> +            if (size > VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>>> +                size = VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>>> +            }
>>>>                vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].rx_ring[j], pa, size,
>>>>                                  sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxDesc), false);
>>>>                VMW_CFPRN("RX queue %d:%d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d",
>>>> @@ -1533,6 +1543,9 @@ static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
>>>>            /* RXC ring */
>>>>            pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
>>>>            size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingSize);
>>>> +        if (size > VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
>>>> +            size = VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
>>>> +        }
>>>>            vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
>>>>                              sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxCompDesc), true);
>>>>            VMW_CFPRN("RXC queue %d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d", i, pa, size);
>>>>
>>>>
>>> Ping!
>>>
>>> According to
>>> https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/308#note_705736713 this is
>>> still an issue...
>>>
>>> Patch looks fine to me ... maybe just add some
>>> qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, ...) statements before correcting the values?
>>
>> * Oops! Not sure how I missed it, thought it was pulled upstream.
>>    Will send a revised patch.
>>
>>
>> Thank you.
>> ---
>>    - P J P
>>
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
index eff299f629..4a910ca971 100644
--- a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
+++ b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
@@ -1420,6 +1420,7 @@  static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
     vmxnet3_setup_rx_filtering(s);
     /* Cache fields from shared memory */
     s->mtu = VMXNET3_READ_DRV_SHARED32(d, s->drv_shmem, devRead.misc.mtu);
+    assert(VMXNET3_MIN_MTU <= s->mtu && s->mtu < VMXNET3_MAX_MTU);
     VMW_CFPRN("MTU is %u", s->mtu);
 
     s->max_rx_frags =
@@ -1473,6 +1474,9 @@  static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
         /* Read rings memory locations for TX queues */
         pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingBasePA);
         size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.txRingSize);
+        if (size > VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
+            size = VMXNET3_TX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
+        }
 
         vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].tx_ring, pa, size,
                           sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxDesc), false);
@@ -1483,6 +1487,9 @@  static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
         /* TXC ring */
         pa = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
         size = VMXNET3_READ_TX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qdescr_pa, conf.compRingSize);
+        if (size > VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
+            size = VMXNET3_TC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
+        }
         vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
                           sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_TxCompDesc), true);
         VMXNET3_RING_DUMP(VMW_CFPRN, "TXC", i, &s->txq_descr[i].comp_ring);
@@ -1524,6 +1531,9 @@  static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
             /* RX rings */
             pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingBasePA[j]);
             size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.rxRingSize[j]);
+            if (size > VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
+                size = VMXNET3_RX_RING_MAX_SIZE;
+            }
             vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].rx_ring[j], pa, size,
                               sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxDesc), false);
             VMW_CFPRN("RX queue %d:%d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d",
@@ -1533,6 +1543,9 @@  static void vmxnet3_activate_device(VMXNET3State *s)
         /* RXC ring */
         pa = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR64(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingBasePA);
         size = VMXNET3_READ_RX_QUEUE_DESCR32(d, qd_pa, conf.compRingSize);
+        if (size > VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE) {
+            size = VMXNET3_RC_RING_MAX_SIZE;
+        }
         vmxnet3_ring_init(d, &s->rxq_descr[i].comp_ring, pa, size,
                           sizeof(struct Vmxnet3_RxCompDesc), true);
         VMW_CFPRN("RXC queue %d: Base: %" PRIx64 ", Size: %d", i, pa, size);