diff --git a/target/arm/cpu.h b/target/arm/cpu.h
index 5e0131be1a..616b393253 100644
--- a/target/arm/cpu.h
+++ b/target/arm/cpu.h
@@ -3414,6 +3414,8 @@ FIELD(TBFLAG_ANY, MMUIDX, 4, 4)
 FIELD(TBFLAG_ANY, FPEXC_EL, 8, 2)
 /* For A-profile only, target EL for debug exceptions.  */
 FIELD(TBFLAG_ANY, DEBUG_TARGET_EL, 10, 2)
+/* Memory operations require alignment: SCTLR_ELx.A or CCR.UNALIGN_TRP */
+FIELD(TBFLAG_ANY, ALIGN_MEM, 12, 1)
 
 /*
  * Bit usage when in AArch32 state, both A- and M-profile.
diff --git a/target/arm/translate.h b/target/arm/translate.h
index 50c2aba066..b185c14a03 100644
--- a/target/arm/translate.h
+++ b/target/arm/translate.h
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ typedef struct DisasContext {
     bool bt;
     /* True if any CP15 access is trapped by HSTR_EL2 */
     bool hstr_active;
+    /* True if memory operations require alignment */
+    bool align_mem;
     /*
      * >= 0, a copy of PSTATE.BTYPE, which will be 0 without v8.5-BTI.
      *  < 0, set by the current instruction.
diff --git a/target/arm/helper.c b/target/arm/helper.c
index 85b7d6add0..cd92a22689 100644
--- a/target/arm/helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/helper.c
@@ -13018,6 +13018,12 @@ static CPUARMTBFlags
 rebuild_hflags_m32(CPUARMState *env, int fp_el, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
 {
     CPUARMTBFlags flags = {};
+    uint32_t ccr = env->v7m.ccr[env->v7m.secure];
+
+    /* Without HaveMainExt, CCR.UNALIGN_TRP is RES1. */
+    if (ccr & R_V7M_CCR_UNALIGN_TRP_MASK) {
+        DP_TBFLAG_ANY(flags, ALIGN_MEM, 1);
+    }
 
     if (arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
         DP_TBFLAG_M32(flags, HANDLER, 1);
@@ -13030,7 +13036,7 @@ rebuild_hflags_m32(CPUARMState *env, int fp_el, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
      */
     if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8) &&
         !((mmu_idx & ARM_MMU_IDX_M_NEGPRI) &&
-          (env->v7m.ccr[env->v7m.secure] & R_V7M_CCR_STKOFHFNMIGN_MASK))) {
+          (ccr & R_V7M_CCR_STKOFHFNMIGN_MASK))) {
         DP_TBFLAG_M32(flags, STACKCHECK, 1);
     }
 
@@ -13050,12 +13056,17 @@ static CPUARMTBFlags
 rebuild_hflags_a32(CPUARMState *env, int fp_el, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
 {
     CPUARMTBFlags flags = rebuild_hflags_aprofile(env);
+    int el = arm_current_el(env);
+
+    if (arm_sctlr(env, el) & SCTLR_A) {
+        DP_TBFLAG_ANY(flags, ALIGN_MEM, 1);
+    }
 
     if (arm_el_is_aa64(env, 1)) {
         DP_TBFLAG_A32(flags, VFPEN, 1);
     }
 
-    if (arm_current_el(env) < 2 && env->cp15.hstr_el2 &&
+    if (el < 2 && env->cp15.hstr_el2 &&
         (arm_hcr_el2_eff(env) & (HCR_E2H | HCR_TGE)) != (HCR_E2H | HCR_TGE)) {
         DP_TBFLAG_A32(flags, HSTR_ACTIVE, 1);
     }
@@ -13100,6 +13111,10 @@ rebuild_hflags_a64(CPUARMState *env, int el, int fp_el, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
 
     sctlr = regime_sctlr(env, stage1);
 
+    if (sctlr & SCTLR_A) {
+        DP_TBFLAG_ANY(flags, ALIGN_MEM, 1);
+    }
+
     if (arm_cpu_data_is_big_endian_a64(el, sctlr)) {
         DP_TBFLAG_ANY(flags, BE_DATA, 1);
     }
diff --git a/target/arm/translate-a64.c b/target/arm/translate-a64.c
index b32ff56666..92a62b1a75 100644
--- a/target/arm/translate-a64.c
+++ b/target/arm/translate-a64.c
@@ -14697,6 +14697,7 @@ static void aarch64_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase,
     dc->user = (dc->current_el == 0);
 #endif
     dc->fp_excp_el = EX_TBFLAG_ANY(tb_flags, FPEXC_EL);
+    dc->align_mem = EX_TBFLAG_ANY(tb_flags, ALIGN_MEM);
     dc->sve_excp_el = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, SVEEXC_EL);
     dc->sve_len = (EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, ZCR_LEN) + 1) * 16;
     dc->pauth_active = EX_TBFLAG_A64(tb_flags, PAUTH_ACTIVE);
diff --git a/target/arm/translate.c b/target/arm/translate.c
index 5cec3966d6..51897a5113 100644
--- a/target/arm/translate.c
+++ b/target/arm/translate.c
@@ -933,8 +933,7 @@ static void gen_aa32_ld_i32(DisasContext *s, TCGv_i32 val, TCGv_i32 a32,
 {
     TCGv addr;
 
-    if (arm_dc_feature(s, ARM_FEATURE_M) &&
-        !arm_dc_feature(s, ARM_FEATURE_M_MAIN)) {
+    if (s->align_mem) {
         opc |= MO_ALIGN;
     }
 
@@ -948,8 +947,7 @@ static void gen_aa32_st_i32(DisasContext *s, TCGv_i32 val, TCGv_i32 a32,
 {
     TCGv addr;
 
-    if (arm_dc_feature(s, ARM_FEATURE_M) &&
-        !arm_dc_feature(s, ARM_FEATURE_M_MAIN)) {
+    if (s->align_mem) {
         opc |= MO_ALIGN;
     }
 
@@ -8861,6 +8859,7 @@ static void arm_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
     dc->user = (dc->current_el == 0);
 #endif
     dc->fp_excp_el = EX_TBFLAG_ANY(tb_flags, FPEXC_EL);
+    dc->align_mem = EX_TBFLAG_ANY(tb_flags, ALIGN_MEM);
 
     if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
         dc->vfp_enabled = 1;
