diff mbox series

[qemu.qmp,01/12] fork qemu.qmp from qemu.git

Message ID 20220422184940.1763958-2-jsnow@redhat.com (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show
Series python: fork qemu.qmp python lib into independent repo | expand

Commit Message

John Snow April 22, 2022, 6:49 p.m. UTC
Split python/ from qemu.git, using these commands:

> git subtree split -P python/ -b python-split-v3
> mkdir ~/src/tmp
> cd ~/src/tmp
> git clone --no-local --branch python-split-v3 --single-branch ~/src/qemu
> cd qemu
> git filter-repo --path qemu/machine/           \
                  --path qemu/utils/             \
                  --path tests/iotests-mypy.sh   \
                  --path tests/iotests-pylint.sh \
                  --invert-paths

This commit, however, only performs some minimum cleanup to reflect the
deletion of the other subpackages. It is not intended to be exhaustive,
and further edits are made in forthcoming commits.

These fixes are broken apart into micro-changes to facilitate mailing
list review subject-by-subject. They *could* be squashed into a single
larger commit on merge if desired, but due to the nature of the fork,
bisectability across the fork boundary is going to be challenging
anyway. It may be better value to just leave these initial commits
as-is.

Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kashyap Chamarthy <kchamart@redhat.com>
---
 .gitignore |  2 +-
 Makefile   | 16 ++++++++--------
 setup.cfg  | 24 +-----------------------
 setup.py   |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

Comments

Daniel P. Berrangé April 25, 2022, 10:37 a.m. UTC | #1
On Fri, Apr 22, 2022 at 02:49:29PM -0400, John Snow wrote:
> Split python/ from qemu.git, using these commands:
> 
> > git subtree split -P python/ -b python-split-v3
> > mkdir ~/src/tmp
> > cd ~/src/tmp
> > git clone --no-local --branch python-split-v3 --single-branch ~/src/qemu
> > cd qemu
> > git filter-repo --path qemu/machine/           \
>                   --path qemu/utils/             \
>                   --path tests/iotests-mypy.sh   \
>                   --path tests/iotests-pylint.sh \
>                   --invert-paths

So you're saying the repository is initialized with the output from
the above commands, and then this commit is the first one on top
of that.

> This commit, however, only performs some minimum cleanup to reflect the
> deletion of the other subpackages. It is not intended to be exhaustive,
> and further edits are made in forthcoming commits.
> 
> These fixes are broken apart into micro-changes to facilitate mailing
> list review subject-by-subject. They *could* be squashed into a single
> larger commit on merge if desired, but due to the nature of the fork,
> bisectability across the fork boundary is going to be challenging
> anyway. It may be better value to just leave these initial commits
> as-is.

Yep, I think bisectability is impractical to achieve across this kind
of split. I think the filtered git history is simply there as a  way
to give credit to the original authors, for historical research and
to make 'git blame' work. 

IOW, I'd declare bitsectability starts at the end of this patch
series, as a goal.

> 
> Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
> Reviewed-by: Kashyap Chamarthy <kchamart@redhat.com>
> ---
>  .gitignore |  2 +-
>  Makefile   | 16 ++++++++--------
>  setup.cfg  | 24 +-----------------------
>  setup.py   |  2 +-
>  4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
> index 904f324..b071f02 100644
> --- a/.gitignore
> +++ b/.gitignore
> @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
>  # python packaging
>  build/
>  dist/
> -qemu.egg-info/
> +qemu.qmp.egg-info/
>  
>  # editor config
>  .idea/
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index 3334311..a2d2f2c 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ help:
>  	@echo ""
>  	@echo "make develop:"
>  	@echo "    Install deps needed for for 'make check',"
> -	@echo "    and install the qemu package in editable mode."
> +	@echo "    and install the qemu.qmp package in editable mode."
>  	@echo "    (Can be used in or outside of a venv.)"
>  	@echo ""
>  	@echo "make pipenv"
> @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ help:
>  	@echo "    Remove package build output."
>  	@echo ""
>  	@echo "make distclean:"
> -	@echo "    remove pipenv/venv files, qemu package forwarder,"
> +	@echo "    remove pipenv/venv files, qemu.qmp package forwarder,"
>  	@echo "    built distribution files, and everything from 'make clean'."
>  	@echo ""
>  	@echo -e "Have a nice day ^_^\n"
> @@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ dev-venv: $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate
>  $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate: setup.cfg
>  	@echo "VENV $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)"
>  	@python3 -m venv $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
> -	@(							\
> -		echo "ACTIVATE $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";		\
> -		. $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate;		\
> -		echo "INSTALL qemu[devel] $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";	\
> -		make develop 1>/dev/null;			\
> +	@(								\
> +		echo "ACTIVATE $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";			\
> +		. $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate;			\
> +		echo "INSTALL qemu.qmp[devel] $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";	\
> +		make develop 1>/dev/null;				\
>  	)
>  	@touch $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
>  
> @@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ clean:
>  
>  .PHONY: distclean
>  distclean: clean
> -	rm -rf qemu.egg-info/ .venv/ .tox/ $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) dist/
> +	rm -rf qemu.qmp.egg-info/ .venv/ .tox/ $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) dist/
>  	rm -f .coverage .coverage.*
>  	rm -rf htmlcov/
> diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
> index e877ea5..4ffab73 100644
> --- a/setup.cfg
> +++ b/setup.cfg
> @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
>  [metadata]
> -name = qemu
> +name = qemu.qmp
>  version = file:VERSION
>  maintainer = QEMU Developer Team
>  maintainer_email = qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> @@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ classifiers =
>  python_requires = >= 3.6
>  packages =
>      qemu.qmp
> -    qemu.machine
> -    qemu.utils
>  
>  [options.package_data]
>  * = py.typed
> @@ -38,7 +36,6 @@ packages =
>  devel =
>      avocado-framework >= 90.0
>      flake8 >= 3.6.0
> -    fusepy >= 2.0.4
>      isort >= 5.1.2
>      mypy >= 0.780
>      pylint >= 2.8.0
> @@ -47,10 +44,6 @@ devel =
>      urwid-readline >= 0.13
>      Pygments >= 2.9.0
>  
> -# Provides qom-fuse functionality
> -fuse =
> -    fusepy >= 2.0.4
> -
>  # QMP TUI dependencies
>  tui =
>      urwid >= 2.1.2
> @@ -59,13 +52,6 @@ tui =
>  
>  [options.entry_points]
>  console_scripts =
> -    qom = qemu.utils.qom:main
> -    qom-set = qemu.utils.qom:QOMSet.entry_point
> -    qom-get = qemu.utils.qom:QOMGet.entry_point
> -    qom-list = qemu.utils.qom:QOMList.entry_point
> -    qom-tree = qemu.utils.qom:QOMTree.entry_point
> -    qom-fuse = qemu.utils.qom_fuse:QOMFuse.entry_point [fuse]
> -    qemu-ga-client = qemu.utils.qemu_ga_client:main
>      qmp-shell = qemu.qmp.qmp_shell:main
>      qmp-shell-wrap = qemu.qmp.qmp_shell:main_wrap
>      qmp-tui = qemu.qmp.qmp_tui:main [tui]
> @@ -80,19 +66,12 @@ python_version = 3.6
>  warn_unused_configs = True
>  namespace_packages = True
>  
> -[mypy-qemu.utils.qom_fuse]
> -# fusepy has no type stubs:
> -allow_subclassing_any = True
> -
>  [mypy-qemu.qmp.qmp_tui]
>  # urwid and urwid_readline have no type stubs:
>  allow_subclassing_any = True
>  
>  # The following missing import directives are because these libraries do not
>  # provide type stubs. Allow them on an as-needed basis for mypy.
> -[mypy-fuse]
> -ignore_missing_imports = True
> -
>  [mypy-urwid]
>  ignore_missing_imports = True
>  
> @@ -164,7 +143,6 @@ skip_missing_interpreters = true
>  allowlist_externals = make
>  deps =
>      .[devel]
> -    .[fuse]  # Workaround to trigger tox venv rebuild
>      .[tui]   # Workaround to trigger tox venv rebuild
>  commands =
>      make check
> diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
> index c5bc459..aba951a 100755
> --- a/setup.py
> +++ b/setup.py
> @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
>  #!/usr/bin/env python3
>  """
> -QEMU tooling installer script
> +QEMU QMP library installer script
>  Copyright (c) 2020-2021 John Snow for Red Hat, Inc.
>  """
>  
> -- 
> 2.34.1
> 

With regards,
Daniel
John Snow April 25, 2022, 6:54 p.m. UTC | #2
On Mon, Apr 25, 2022, 6:37 AM Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
wrote:

> On Fri, Apr 22, 2022 at 02:49:29PM -0400, John Snow wrote:
> > Split python/ from qemu.git, using these commands:
> >
> > > git subtree split -P python/ -b python-split-v3
> > > mkdir ~/src/tmp
> > > cd ~/src/tmp
> > > git clone --no-local --branch python-split-v3 --single-branch
> ~/src/qemu
> > > cd qemu
> > > git filter-repo --path qemu/machine/           \
> >                   --path qemu/utils/             \
> >                   --path tests/iotests-mypy.sh   \
> >                   --path tests/iotests-pylint.sh \
> >                   --invert-paths
>
> So you're saying the repository is initialized with the output from
> the above commands, and then this commit is the first one on top
> of that.
>

Yeah. This was just my best guess at how to preserve development history
and SOB credits.

Figured I'd document how the split was done in the commit so that was
archived too.


> > This commit, however, only performs some minimum cleanup to reflect the
> > deletion of the other subpackages. It is not intended to be exhaustive,
> > and further edits are made in forthcoming commits.
> >
> > These fixes are broken apart into micro-changes to facilitate mailing
> > list review subject-by-subject. They *could* be squashed into a single
> > larger commit on merge if desired, but due to the nature of the fork,
> > bisectability across the fork boundary is going to be challenging
> > anyway. It may be better value to just leave these initial commits
> > as-is.
>
> Yep, I think bisectability is impractical to achieve across this kind
> of split. I think the filtered git history is simply there as a  way
> to give credit to the original authors, for historical research and
> to make 'git blame' work.
>
> IOW, I'd declare bitsectability starts at the end of this patch
> series, as a goal.
>

That's the plan!

This series will mark 0.0.0a1 (no plans to publish) and then by the end of
the subsequent checkins to add package builds, doc builds, ci etc I'll tag
and publish a v0.0.1. (Possibily with a published v0.0.1a1 first to make
sure everything is wired up right. This will also be useful for testing
qemu.git changes to pull from PyPI.)


> >
> > Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
> > Reviewed-by: Kashyap Chamarthy <kchamart@redhat.com>
> > ---
> >  .gitignore |  2 +-
> >  Makefile   | 16 ++++++++--------
> >  setup.cfg  | 24 +-----------------------
> >  setup.py   |  2 +-
> >  4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
> > index 904f324..b071f02 100644
> > --- a/.gitignore
> > +++ b/.gitignore
> > @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
> >  # python packaging
> >  build/
> >  dist/
> > -qemu.egg-info/
> > +qemu.qmp.egg-info/
> >
> >  # editor config
> >  .idea/
> > diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> > index 3334311..a2d2f2c 100644
> > --- a/Makefile
> > +++ b/Makefile
> > @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ help:
> >       @echo ""
> >       @echo "make develop:"
> >       @echo "    Install deps needed for for 'make check',"
> > -     @echo "    and install the qemu package in editable mode."
> > +     @echo "    and install the qemu.qmp package in editable mode."
> >       @echo "    (Can be used in or outside of a venv.)"
> >       @echo ""
> >       @echo "make pipenv"
> > @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ help:
> >       @echo "    Remove package build output."
> >       @echo ""
> >       @echo "make distclean:"
> > -     @echo "    remove pipenv/venv files, qemu package forwarder,"
> > +     @echo "    remove pipenv/venv files, qemu.qmp package forwarder,"
> >       @echo "    built distribution files, and everything from 'make
> clean'."
> >       @echo ""
> >       @echo -e "Have a nice day ^_^\n"
> > @@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ dev-venv: $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
> $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate
> >  $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate: setup.cfg
> >       @echo "VENV $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)"
> >       @python3 -m venv $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
> > -     @(                                                      \
> > -             echo "ACTIVATE $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";               \
> > -             . $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate;                \
> > -             echo "INSTALL qemu[devel] $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";    \
> > -             make develop 1>/dev/null;                       \
> > +     @(                                                              \
> > +             echo "ACTIVATE $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";                       \
> > +             . $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate;                        \
> > +             echo "INSTALL qemu.qmp[devel] $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";        \
> > +             make develop 1>/dev/null;                               \
> >       )
> >       @touch $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
> >
> > @@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ clean:
> >
> >  .PHONY: distclean
> >  distclean: clean
> > -     rm -rf qemu.egg-info/ .venv/ .tox/ $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) dist/
> > +     rm -rf qemu.qmp.egg-info/ .venv/ .tox/ $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) dist/
> >       rm -f .coverage .coverage.*
> >       rm -rf htmlcov/
> > diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
> > index e877ea5..4ffab73 100644
> > --- a/setup.cfg
> > +++ b/setup.cfg
> > @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
> >  [metadata]
> > -name = qemu
> > +name = qemu.qmp
> >  version = file:VERSION
> >  maintainer = QEMU Developer Team
> >  maintainer_email = qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> > @@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ classifiers =
> >  python_requires = >= 3.6
> >  packages =
> >      qemu.qmp
> > -    qemu.machine
> > -    qemu.utils
> >
> >  [options.package_data]
> >  * = py.typed
> > @@ -38,7 +36,6 @@ packages =
> >  devel =
> >      avocado-framework >= 90.0
> >      flake8 >= 3.6.0
> > -    fusepy >= 2.0.4
> >      isort >= 5.1.2
> >      mypy >= 0.780
> >      pylint >= 2.8.0
> > @@ -47,10 +44,6 @@ devel =
> >      urwid-readline >= 0.13
> >      Pygments >= 2.9.0
> >
> > -# Provides qom-fuse functionality
> > -fuse =
> > -    fusepy >= 2.0.4
> > -
> >  # QMP TUI dependencies
> >  tui =
> >      urwid >= 2.1.2
> > @@ -59,13 +52,6 @@ tui =
> >
> >  [options.entry_points]
> >  console_scripts =
> > -    qom = qemu.utils.qom:main
> > -    qom-set = qemu.utils.qom:QOMSet.entry_point
> > -    qom-get = qemu.utils.qom:QOMGet.entry_point
> > -    qom-list = qemu.utils.qom:QOMList.entry_point
> > -    qom-tree = qemu.utils.qom:QOMTree.entry_point
> > -    qom-fuse = qemu.utils.qom_fuse:QOMFuse.entry_point [fuse]
> > -    qemu-ga-client = qemu.utils.qemu_ga_client:main
> >      qmp-shell = qemu.qmp.qmp_shell:main
> >      qmp-shell-wrap = qemu.qmp.qmp_shell:main_wrap
> >      qmp-tui = qemu.qmp.qmp_tui:main [tui]
> > @@ -80,19 +66,12 @@ python_version = 3.6
> >  warn_unused_configs = True
> >  namespace_packages = True
> >
> > -[mypy-qemu.utils.qom_fuse]
> > -# fusepy has no type stubs:
> > -allow_subclassing_any = True
> > -
> >  [mypy-qemu.qmp.qmp_tui]
> >  # urwid and urwid_readline have no type stubs:
> >  allow_subclassing_any = True
> >
> >  # The following missing import directives are because these libraries
> do not
> >  # provide type stubs. Allow them on an as-needed basis for mypy.
> > -[mypy-fuse]
> > -ignore_missing_imports = True
> > -
> >  [mypy-urwid]
> >  ignore_missing_imports = True
> >
> > @@ -164,7 +143,6 @@ skip_missing_interpreters = true
> >  allowlist_externals = make
> >  deps =
> >      .[devel]
> > -    .[fuse]  # Workaround to trigger tox venv rebuild
> >      .[tui]   # Workaround to trigger tox venv rebuild
> >  commands =
> >      make check
> > diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
> > index c5bc459..aba951a 100755
> > --- a/setup.py
> > +++ b/setup.py
> > @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
> >  #!/usr/bin/env python3
> >  """
> > -QEMU tooling installer script
> > +QEMU QMP library installer script
> >  Copyright (c) 2020-2021 John Snow for Red Hat, Inc.
> >  """
> >
> > --
> > 2.34.1
> >
>
> With regards,
> Daniel
> --
> |: https://berrange.com      -o-
> https://www.flickr.com/photos/dberrange :|
> |: https://libvirt.org         -o-
> https://fstop138.berrange.com :|
> |: https://entangle-photo.org    -o-
> https://www.instagram.com/dberrange :|
>
>
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 904f324..b071f02 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ 
 # python packaging
 build/
 dist/
-qemu.egg-info/
+qemu.qmp.egg-info/
 
 # editor config
 .idea/
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 3334311..a2d2f2c 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@  help:
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "make develop:"
 	@echo "    Install deps needed for for 'make check',"
-	@echo "    and install the qemu package in editable mode."
+	@echo "    and install the qemu.qmp package in editable mode."
 	@echo "    (Can be used in or outside of a venv.)"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "make pipenv"
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@  help:
 	@echo "    Remove package build output."
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "make distclean:"
-	@echo "    remove pipenv/venv files, qemu package forwarder,"
+	@echo "    remove pipenv/venv files, qemu.qmp package forwarder,"
 	@echo "    built distribution files, and everything from 'make clean'."
 	@echo ""
 	@echo -e "Have a nice day ^_^\n"
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@  dev-venv: $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate
 $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate: setup.cfg
 	@echo "VENV $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)"
 	@python3 -m venv $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
-	@(							\
-		echo "ACTIVATE $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";		\
-		. $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate;		\
-		echo "INSTALL qemu[devel] $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";	\
-		make develop 1>/dev/null;			\
+	@(								\
+		echo "ACTIVATE $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";			\
+		. $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)/bin/activate;			\
+		echo "INSTALL qemu.qmp[devel] $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)";	\
+		make develop 1>/dev/null;				\
 	)
 	@touch $(QEMU_VENV_DIR)
 
@@ -106,6 +106,6 @@  clean:
 
 .PHONY: distclean
 distclean: clean
-	rm -rf qemu.egg-info/ .venv/ .tox/ $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) dist/
+	rm -rf qemu.qmp.egg-info/ .venv/ .tox/ $(QEMU_VENV_DIR) dist/
 	rm -f .coverage .coverage.*
 	rm -rf htmlcov/
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index e877ea5..4ffab73 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 
 [metadata]
-name = qemu
+name = qemu.qmp
 version = file:VERSION
 maintainer = QEMU Developer Team
 maintainer_email = qemu-devel@nongnu.org
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@  classifiers =
 python_requires = >= 3.6
 packages =
     qemu.qmp
-    qemu.machine
-    qemu.utils
 
 [options.package_data]
 * = py.typed
@@ -38,7 +36,6 @@  packages =
 devel =
     avocado-framework >= 90.0
     flake8 >= 3.6.0
-    fusepy >= 2.0.4
     isort >= 5.1.2
     mypy >= 0.780
     pylint >= 2.8.0
@@ -47,10 +44,6 @@  devel =
     urwid-readline >= 0.13
     Pygments >= 2.9.0
 
-# Provides qom-fuse functionality
-fuse =
-    fusepy >= 2.0.4
-
 # QMP TUI dependencies
 tui =
     urwid >= 2.1.2
@@ -59,13 +52,6 @@  tui =
 
 [options.entry_points]
 console_scripts =
-    qom = qemu.utils.qom:main
-    qom-set = qemu.utils.qom:QOMSet.entry_point
-    qom-get = qemu.utils.qom:QOMGet.entry_point
-    qom-list = qemu.utils.qom:QOMList.entry_point
-    qom-tree = qemu.utils.qom:QOMTree.entry_point
-    qom-fuse = qemu.utils.qom_fuse:QOMFuse.entry_point [fuse]
-    qemu-ga-client = qemu.utils.qemu_ga_client:main
     qmp-shell = qemu.qmp.qmp_shell:main
     qmp-shell-wrap = qemu.qmp.qmp_shell:main_wrap
     qmp-tui = qemu.qmp.qmp_tui:main [tui]
@@ -80,19 +66,12 @@  python_version = 3.6
 warn_unused_configs = True
 namespace_packages = True
 
-[mypy-qemu.utils.qom_fuse]
-# fusepy has no type stubs:
-allow_subclassing_any = True
-
 [mypy-qemu.qmp.qmp_tui]
 # urwid and urwid_readline have no type stubs:
 allow_subclassing_any = True
 
 # The following missing import directives are because these libraries do not
 # provide type stubs. Allow them on an as-needed basis for mypy.
-[mypy-fuse]
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-
 [mypy-urwid]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 
@@ -164,7 +143,6 @@  skip_missing_interpreters = true
 allowlist_externals = make
 deps =
     .[devel]
-    .[fuse]  # Workaround to trigger tox venv rebuild
     .[tui]   # Workaround to trigger tox venv rebuild
 commands =
     make check
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index c5bc459..aba951a 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
-QEMU tooling installer script
+QEMU QMP library installer script
 Copyright (c) 2020-2021 John Snow for Red Hat, Inc.
 """