From patchwork Tue Oct 17 15:18:55 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Juan Quintela X-Patchwork-Id: 13425515 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from lists.gnu.org (lists.gnu.org [209.51.188.17]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 7B016CDB483 for ; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 15:20:49 +0000 (UTC) Received: from localhost ([::1] helo=lists1p.gnu.org) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1qslqt-0007FA-GR; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 11:19:23 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([2001:470:142:3::10]) by lists.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1qslqs-0007EA-0F for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 11:19:22 -0400 Received: from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com ([170.10.129.124]) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1qslqn-00051G-3O for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 11:19:19 -0400 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=redhat.com; s=mimecast20190719; t=1697555956; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=oUkchR/FZWmmFG0YFePEDDod861HaR5AvExXdTH8fkw=; b=bG2txsu+3ZQgSc5r+giuZ7O3onThbvCMrQB9gn/eg7uejCTsNknBtqz6SQalGdh+erQsGC ImzgR4Xe1nBfmc6eOnHPY+vUBDGqdcHdkzg6G86Qsz1kQqSzUhkHG6NF6zY4nH/s3lSbIO Q0Zpge0ZX4MUBxFU+7LZIwkG7C05mN8= Received: from mimecast-mx02.redhat.com (mimecast-mx02.redhat.com [66.187.233.88]) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP with STARTTLS (version=TLSv1.2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id us-mta-299-urMB14bkM_i3u6dk_c8uHA-1; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 11:19:10 -0400 X-MC-Unique: urMB14bkM_i3u6dk_c8uHA-1 Received: from smtp.corp.redhat.com (int-mx01.intmail.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.com [10.11.54.1]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mimecast-mx02.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D17871029F4C; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 15:19:00 +0000 (UTC) Received: from secure.mitica (unknown [10.39.194.127]) by smtp.corp.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88F1A150; Tue, 17 Oct 2023 15:18:59 +0000 (UTC) From: Juan Quintela To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Cc: Juan Quintela , Peter Xu , Leonardo Bras , Fabiano Rosas , Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy Subject: [PATCH v2 1/3] migration/doc: Add documentation for backwards compatiblity Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 17:18:55 +0200 Message-ID: <20231017151857.21328-2-quintela@redhat.com> In-Reply-To: <20231017151857.21328-1-quintela@redhat.com> References: <20231017151857.21328-1-quintela@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 3.4.1 on 10.11.54.1 Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.129.124; envelope-from=quintela@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -20 X-Spam_score: -2.1 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.1 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.001, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H4=0.001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL=0.001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org State what are the requeriments to get migration working between qemu versions. And once there explain how one is supposed to implement a new feature/default value and not break migration. Reviewed-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy Acked-by: Peter Xu Signed-off-by: Juan Quintela --- docs/devel/migration.rst | 217 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 217 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/devel/migration.rst b/docs/devel/migration.rst index c3e1400c0c..5ef2b36e9e 100644 --- a/docs/devel/migration.rst +++ b/docs/devel/migration.rst @@ -142,6 +142,223 @@ General advice for device developers may be different on the destination. This can result in the device state being loaded into the wrong device. +How backwards compatibility works +--------------------------------- + +When we do migration, we have two QEMU processes: the source and the +target. There are two cases, they are the same version or they are +different versions. The easy case is when they are the same version. +The difficult one is when they are different versions. + +There are two things that are different, but they have very similar +names and sometimes get confused: + +- QEMU version +- machine type version + +Let's start with a practical example, we start with: + +- qemu-system-x86_64 (v5.2), from now on qemu-5.2. +- qemu-system-x86_64 (v5.1), from now on qemu-5.1. + +Related to this are the "latest" machine types defined on each of +them: + +- pc-q35-5.2 (newer one in qemu-5.2) from now on pc-5.2 +- pc-q35-5.1 (newer one in qemu-5.1) from now on pc-5.1 + +First of all, migration is only supposed to work if you use the same +machine type in both source and destination. The QEMU hardware +configuration needs to be the same also on source and destination. +Most aspects of the backend configuration can be changed at will, +except for a few cases where the backend features influence frontend +device feature exposure. But that is not relevant for this section. + +I am going to list the number of combinations that we can have. Let's +start with the trivial ones, QEMU is the same on source and +destination: + +1 - qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.2 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.2 + + This is the latest QEMU with the latest machine type. + This have to work, and if it doesn't work it is a bug. + +2 - qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 + + Exactly the same case than the previous one, but for 5.1. + Nothing to see here either. + +This are the easiest ones, we will not talk more about them in this +section. + +Now we start with the more interesting cases. Consider the case where +we have the same QEMU version in both sides (qemu-5.2) but we are using +the latest machine type for that version (pc-5.2) but one of an older +QEMU version, in this case pc-5.1. + +3 - qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 + + It needs to use the definition of pc-5.1 and the devices as they + were configured on 5.1, but this should be easy in the sense that + both sides are the same QEMU and both sides have exactly the same + idea of what the pc-5.1 machine is. + +4 - qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.2 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.2 + + This combination is not possible as the qemu-5.1 doen't understand + pc-5.2 machine type. So nothing to worry here. + +Now it comes the interesting ones, when both QEMU processes are +different. Notice also that the machine type needs to be pc-5.1, +because we have the limitation than qemu-5.1 doesn't know pc-5.2. So +the possible cases are: + +5 - qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 + + This migration is known as newer to older. We need to make sure + when we are developing 5.2 we need to take care about not to break + migration to qemu-5.1. Notice that we can't make updates to + qemu-5.1 to understand whatever qemu-5.2 decides to change, so it is + in qemu-5.2 side to make the relevant changes. + +6 - qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 + + This migration is known as older to newer. We need to make sure + than we are able to receive migrations from qemu-5.1. The problem is + similar to the previous one. + +If qemu-5.1 and qemu-5.2 were the same, there will not be any +compatibility problems. But the reason that we create qemu-5.2 is to +get new features, devices, defaults, etc. + +If we get a device that has a new feature, or change a default value, +we have a problem when we try to migrate between different QEMU +versions. + +So we need a way to tell qemu-5.2 that when we are using machine type +pc-5.1, it needs to **not** use the feature, to be able to migrate to +real qemu-5.1. + +And the equivalent part when migrating from qemu-5.1 to qemu-5.2. +qemu-5.2 has to expect that it is not going to get data for the new +feature, because qemu-5.1 doesn't know about it. + +How do we tell QEMU about these device feature changes? In +hw/core/machine.c:hw_compat_X_Y arrays. + +If we change a default value, we need to put back the old value on +that array. And the device, during initialization needs to look at +that array to see what value it needs to get for that feature. And +what are we going to put in that array, the value of a property. + +To create a property for a device, we need to use one of the +DEFINE_PROP_*() macros. See include/hw/qdev-properties.h to find the +macros that exist. With it, we set the default value for that +property, and that is what it is going to get in the latest released +version. But if we want a different value for a previous version, we +can change that in the hw_compat_X_Y arrays. + +hw_compat_X_Y is an array of registers that have the format: + +- name_device +- name_property +- value + +Let's see a practical example. + +In qemu-5.2 virtio-blk-device got multi queue support. This is a +change that is not backward compatible. In qemu-5.1 it has one +queue. In qemu-5.2 it has the same number of queues as the number of +cpus in the system. + +When we are doing migration, if we migrate from a device that has 4 +queues to a device that have only one queue, we don't know where to +put the extra information for the other 3 queues, and we fail +migration. + +Similar problem when we migrate from qemu-5.1 that has only one queue +to qemu-5.2, we only sent information for one queue, but destination +has 4, and we have 3 queues that are not properly initialized and +anything can happen. + +So, how can we address this problem. Easy, just convince qemu-5.2 +that when it is running pc-5.1, it needs to set the number of queues +for virtio-blk-devices to 1. + +That way we fix the cases 5 and 6. + +5 - qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 + + qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 sets number of queues to be 1. + qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 expects number of queues to be 1. + + correct. migration works. + +6 - qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 + + qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 sets number of queues to be 1. + qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 expects number of queues to be 1. + + correct. migration works. + +And now the other interesting case, case 3. In this case we have: + +3 - qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 -> migrates to -> qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 + + Here we have the same QEMU in both sides. So it doesn't matter a + lot if we have set the number of queues to 1 or not, because + they are the same. + + WRONG! + + Think what happens if we do one of this double migrations: + + A -> migrates -> B -> migrates -> C + + where: + + A: qemu-5.1 -M pc-5.1 + B: qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 + C: qemu-5.2 -M pc-5.1 + + migration A -> B is case 6, so number of queues needs to be 1. + + migration B -> C is case 3, so we don't care. But actually we + care because we haven't started the guest in qemu-5.2, it came + migrated from qemu-5.1. So to be in the safe place, we need to + always use number of queues 1 when we are using pc-5.1. + +Now, how was this done in reality? The following commit shows how it +was done. + +commit 9445e1e15e66c19e42bea942ba810db28052cd05 +Author: Stefan Hajnoczi +Date: Tue Aug 18 15:33:47 2020 +0100 + + virtio-blk-pci: default num_queues to -smp N + +The relevant parts for migration are: :: + + @@ -1281,7 +1284,8 @@ static Property virtio_blk_properties[] = { + #endif + DEFINE_PROP_BIT("request-merging", VirtIOBlock, conf.request_merging, 0, + true), + - DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("num-queues", VirtIOBlock, conf.num_queues, 1), + + DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("num-queues", VirtIOBlock, conf.num_queues, + + VIRTIO_BLK_AUTO_NUM_QUEUES), + DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("queue-size", VirtIOBlock, conf.queue_size, 256), + +It changes the default value of num_queues. But it fishes it for old +machine types to have the right value: :: + + @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ + GlobalProperty hw_compat_5_1[] = { + ... + + { "virtio-blk-device", "num-queues", "1"}, + ... + }; + + VMState -------