diff --git a/tests/vvmx/util.c b/tests/vvmx/util.c
index 8cd35c5..74b4d01 100644
--- a/tests/vvmx/util.c
+++ b/tests/vvmx/util.c
@@ -2,6 +2,110 @@
 #include <arch/x86/hvm/vmx/vmcs.h>
 #include "util.h"
 
+#define vvmx_failure(prefix, fmt, ...)                       \
+    do {                                                     \
+        xtf_failure("Fail: %s: "fmt, prefix, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+    } while (0)
+
+bool handle_vmxinsn_err(const char *name, uint8_t err, exinfo_t fault_info,
+                        uint8_t exp_err, exinfo_t exp_fault_info,
+                        enum vmx_insn_errno exp_insn_errno)
+{
+    bool passed = true;
+
+    bool has_fault = !!(err & VMXERR_FAULT);
+    unsigned int fault_vec = exinfo_vec(fault_info);
+    unsigned int fault_ec = exinfo_ec(fault_info);
+    bool exp_fault = !!(exp_err & VMXERR_FAULT);
+    unsigned int exp_fault_vec = exinfo_vec(exp_fault_info);
+    bool ec = !!(exp_fault_vec & X86_EXC_HAVE_EC);
+    unsigned int exp_fault_ec = ec ? exinfo_ec(exp_fault_info) : 0;
+
+    if ( !exp_fault && has_fault )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name,
+                     "unexpected fault #%u(%u), but no fault is expected\n",
+                     fault_vec, fault_ec);
+        passed = false;
+    }
+    else if ( exp_fault && !has_fault )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name, "no fault, but fault #%u(%u) is expected\n",
+                     exp_fault_vec, exp_fault_ec);
+        passed = false;
+    }
+    else if ( has_fault &&
+              (fault_vec != exp_fault_vec || (ec && fault_ec != exp_fault_ec)) )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name,
+                     "unexpected fault #%u(%u), but #%u(%u) is expected\n",
+                     fault_vec, fault_ec, exp_fault_vec, exp_fault_ec);
+        passed = false;
+    }
+
+    /* VMfail bits are not set by VMX instructions when a fault happens */
+    if ( has_fault )
+        goto out;
+
+    bool has_vmfail_valid = !!(err & VMXERR_VMFAIL_VALID);
+    bool exp_vmfail_valid = !!(exp_err & VMXERR_VMFAIL_VALID);
+    bool has_insn_errno = false;
+    uint64_t insn_errno = 0;
+
+    if ( has_vmfail_valid )
+    {
+        has_insn_errno = !!vmread(VM_INSTRUCTION_ERROR, &insn_errno, NULL);
+
+        if ( has_insn_errno )
+        {
+            vvmx_failure(name,
+                         "unexpected error when vmread VM_INSTRUCTION_ERROR\n");
+            passed = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( !exp_vmfail_valid && has_vmfail_valid )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name, "unexpected VMfailvalid(%d), "
+                     "but no VMfailvalid is expected\n",
+                     (enum vmx_insn_errno)insn_errno);
+        passed = false;
+    }
+    else if ( exp_vmfail_valid && !has_vmfail_valid )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name, "no VMfailvalid, but VMfailvalid(%d) is expected\n",
+                     exp_insn_errno);
+        passed = false;
+    }
+    else if ( has_vmfail_valid &&
+              has_insn_errno && insn_errno != exp_insn_errno )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name, "unexpected VMfailvalid(%d), "
+                     "but VMfailvalid(%d) is expected\n",
+                     (enum vmx_insn_errno)insn_errno, exp_insn_errno);
+        passed = false;
+    }
+
+    bool has_vmfail_invalid = !!(err & VMXERR_VMFAIL_INVALID);
+    bool exp_vmfail_invalid = !!(exp_err & VMXERR_VMFAIL_INVALID);
+
+    if ( !exp_vmfail_invalid && has_vmfail_invalid )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name, "unexpected VMfailInvalid, "
+                     "but no VMfailInvalid is expected\n");
+        passed = false;
+    }
+    else if ( exp_vmfail_invalid && !has_vmfail_invalid )
+    {
+        vvmx_failure(name,
+                     "no VMfailInvalid, but VMfailInvalid is expected\n");
+        passed = false;
+    }
+
+out:
+    return passed;
+}
+
 #define VMPTRLD_OPCODE  ".byte 0x0f,0xc7\n"             /* reg/opcode: /6 */
 #define VMREAD_OPCODE   ".byte 0x0f,0x78\n"
 #define VMXON_OPCODE    ".byte 0xf3,0x0f,0xc7\n"
diff --git a/tests/vvmx/util.h b/tests/vvmx/util.h
index 57d3398..f18b9cc 100644
--- a/tests/vvmx/util.h
+++ b/tests/vvmx/util.h
@@ -17,6 +17,23 @@
 #define VMXERR_FAULT          (1 << 2)
 
 /**
+ * A general function to check and output the mismatch between the
+ * error in the execution of a VMX instruction and the expected error.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *  @name:      the name of the test and is included in the error messages
+ *  @err:       VMXERR_ flags returned by the execution of a VMX instruction
+ *  @fault:     the information of the fault if (@err & VMXERR_FAULT)
+ *  @exp_err:   expected VMXERR_ flags
+ *  @exp_fault: the information of the expected fault if (exp_err & VMXERR_FAULT)
+ *  @exp_errno: the expected VMX instruction error number if
+ *              (exp_err & VMXERR_VMFAIL_VALID)
+ */
+bool handle_vmxinsn_err(const char *name, uint8_t err, exinfo_t fault,
+                        uint8_t exp_err, exinfo_t exp_fault,
+                        enum vmx_insn_errno exp_errno);
+
+/**
  * vmxon
  *
  * Parameters:
