From patchwork Tue Apr 28 17:51:25 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= X-Patchwork-Id: 11515319 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5F36A112C for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:52:18 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A10E21707 for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:52:18 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728689AbgD1RwO (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:52:14 -0400 Received: from smtp-42ac.mail.infomaniak.ch ([84.16.66.172]:35735 "EHLO smtp-42ac.mail.infomaniak.ch" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1728343AbgD1RwO (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:52:14 -0400 Received: from smtp-2-0000.mail.infomaniak.ch (unknown [10.5.36.107]) by smtp-3-3000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 49BTjT34bjzlhPD2; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:41 +0200 (CEST) Received: from localhost (unknown [94.23.54.103]) by smtp-2-0000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 49BTjS6tr8zmVZjD; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:40 +0200 (CEST) From: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Aleksa Sarai , Alexei Starovoitov , Al Viro , Andy Lutomirski , Christian Heimes , Daniel Borkmann , Deven Bowers , Eric Chiang , Florian Weimer , James Morris , Jan Kara , Jann Horn , Jonathan Corbet , Kees Cook , Matthew Garrett , Matthew Wilcox , Michael Kerrisk , =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BC?= =?utf-8?q?n?= , Mimi Zohar , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Tr=C3=A9buchet?= , Scott Shell , Sean Christopherson , Shuah Khan , Steve Dower , Steve Grubb , Thibaut Sautereau , Vincent Strubel , kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 1/5] fs: Add support for a RESOLVE_MAYEXEC flag on openat2(2) Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:25 +0200 Message-Id: <20200428175129.634352-2-mic@digikod.net> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.26.2 In-Reply-To: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> References: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Antivirus: Dr.Web (R) for Unix mail servers drweb plugin ver.6.0.2.8 X-Antivirus-Code: 0x100000 Sender: linux-fsdevel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org When the RESOLVE_MAYEXEC flag is passed, openat2(2) may be subject to additional restrictions depending on a security policy managed by the kernel through a sysctl or implemented by an LSM thanks to the inode_permission hook. The underlying idea is to be able to restrict scripts interpretation according to a policy defined by the system administrator. For this to be possible, script interpreters must use the RESOLVE_MAYEXEC flag appropriately. To be fully effective, these interpreters also need to handle the other ways to execute code: command line parameters (e.g., option -e for Perl), module loading (e.g., option -m for Python), stdin, file sourcing, environment variables, configuration files... According to the threat model, it may be acceptable to allow some script interpreters (e.g. Bash) to interpret commands from stdin, may it be a TTY or a pipe, because it may not be enough to (directly) perform syscalls. Further documentation can be found in a following patch. A simple security policy implementation, configured through a dedicated sysctl, is available in a following patch. This is an updated subset of the patch initially written by Vincent Strubel for CLIP OS 4: https://github.com/clipos-archive/src_platform_clip-patches/blob/f5cb330d6b684752e403b4e41b39f7004d88e561/1901_open_mayexec.patch This patch has been used for more than 11 years with customized script interpreters. Some examples (with the original name O_MAYEXEC) can be found here: https://github.com/clipos-archive/clipos4_portage-overlay/search?q=O_MAYEXEC Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün Signed-off-by: Thibaut Sautereau Signed-off-by: Vincent Strubel Cc: Aleksa Sarai Cc: Al Viro Cc: Kees Cook Reviewed-by: James Morris --- Changes since v2: * Replace O_MAYEXEC with RESOLVE_MAYEXEC from openat2(2). This change enables to not break existing application using bogus O_* flags that may be ignored by current kernels by using a new dedicated flag, only usable through openat2(2) (suggested by Jeff Layton). Using this flag will results in an error if the running kernel does not support it. User space needs to manage this case, as with other RESOLVE_* flags. The best effort approach to security (for most common distros) will simply consists of ignoring such an error and retry without RESOLVE_MAYEXEC. However, a fully controlled system may which to error out if such an inconsistency is detected. Changes since v1: * Set __FMODE_EXEC when using O_MAYEXEC to make this information available through the new fanotify/FAN_OPEN_EXEC event (suggested by Jan Kara and Matthew Bobrowski). --- fs/open.c | 6 ++++++ include/linux/fcntl.h | 2 +- include/linux/fs.h | 2 ++ include/uapi/linux/openat2.h | 6 ++++++ 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/fs/open.c b/fs/open.c index 719b320ede52..ca5a145761a2 100644 --- a/fs/open.c +++ b/fs/open.c @@ -1029,6 +1029,12 @@ inline int build_open_flags(const struct open_how *how, struct open_flags *op) if (flags & __O_SYNC) flags |= O_DSYNC; + /* Checks execution permissions on open. */ + if (how->resolve & RESOLVE_MAYEXEC) { + acc_mode |= MAY_OPENEXEC; + flags |= __FMODE_EXEC; + } + op->open_flag = flags; /* O_TRUNC implies we need access checks for write permissions */ diff --git a/include/linux/fcntl.h b/include/linux/fcntl.h index 7bcdcf4f6ab2..a37e213220ad 100644 --- a/include/linux/fcntl.h +++ b/include/linux/fcntl.h @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ /* List of all valid flags for the how->resolve argument: */ #define VALID_RESOLVE_FLAGS \ (RESOLVE_NO_XDEV | RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS | RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS | \ - RESOLVE_BENEATH | RESOLVE_IN_ROOT) + RESOLVE_BENEATH | RESOLVE_IN_ROOT | RESOLVE_MAYEXEC) /* List of all open_how "versions". */ #define OPEN_HOW_SIZE_VER0 24 /* sizeof first published struct */ diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h index 4f6f59b4f22a..f5be4be7c01d 100644 --- a/include/linux/fs.h +++ b/include/linux/fs.h @@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ typedef int (dio_iodone_t)(struct kiocb *iocb, loff_t offset, #define MAY_CHDIR 0x00000040 /* called from RCU mode, don't block */ #define MAY_NOT_BLOCK 0x00000080 +/* the inode is opened with RESOLVE_MAYEXEC */ +#define MAY_OPENEXEC 0x00000100 /* * flags in file.f_mode. Note that FMODE_READ and FMODE_WRITE must correspond diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/openat2.h b/include/uapi/linux/openat2.h index 58b1eb711360..86ed0a2321c3 100644 --- a/include/uapi/linux/openat2.h +++ b/include/uapi/linux/openat2.h @@ -35,5 +35,11 @@ struct open_how { #define RESOLVE_IN_ROOT 0x10 /* Make all jumps to "/" and ".." be scoped inside the dirfd (similar to chroot(2)). */ +#define RESOLVE_MAYEXEC 0x20 /* Code execution from the target file is + intended, checks such permission. A + simple policy can be enforced + system-wide as explained in + Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst + */ #endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_OPENAT2_H */ From patchwork Tue Apr 28 17:51:26 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= X-Patchwork-Id: 11515297 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C02C14DD for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:51:50 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6011F208FE for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:51:50 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728622AbgD1Rvr (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:51:47 -0400 Received: from smtp-42ad.mail.infomaniak.ch ([84.16.66.173]:35741 "EHLO smtp-42ad.mail.infomaniak.ch" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1728346AbgD1Rvq (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:51:46 -0400 Received: from smtp-2-0001.mail.infomaniak.ch (unknown [10.5.36.108]) by smtp-2-3000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 49BTjV5Jgqzlhg3W; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:42 +0200 (CEST) Received: from localhost (unknown [94.23.54.103]) by smtp-2-0001.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 49BTjV2609zmCTtP; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:42 +0200 (CEST) From: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Aleksa Sarai , Alexei Starovoitov , Al Viro , Andy Lutomirski , Christian Heimes , Daniel Borkmann , Deven Bowers , Eric Chiang , Florian Weimer , James Morris , Jan Kara , Jann Horn , Jonathan Corbet , Kees Cook , Matthew Garrett , Matthew Wilcox , Michael Kerrisk , =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BC?= =?utf-8?q?n?= , Mimi Zohar , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Tr=C3=A9buchet?= , Scott Shell , Sean Christopherson , Shuah Khan , Steve Dower , Steve Grubb , Thibaut Sautereau , Vincent Strubel , kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 2/5] fs: Add a MAY_EXECMOUNT flag to infer the noexec mount property Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:26 +0200 Message-Id: <20200428175129.634352-3-mic@digikod.net> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.26.2 In-Reply-To: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> References: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Antivirus: Dr.Web (R) for Unix mail servers drweb plugin ver.6.0.2.8 X-Antivirus-Code: 0x100000 Sender: linux-fsdevel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org An LSM doesn't get path information related to an access request to open an inode. This new (internal) MAY_EXECMOUNT flag enables an LSM to check if the underlying mount point of an inode is marked as executable. This is useful to implement a security policy taking advantage of the noexec mount option. This flag is set according to path_noexec(), which checks if a mount point is mounted with MNT_NOEXEC or if the underlying superblock is SB_I_NOEXEC. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün Reviewed-by: Philippe Trébuchet Reviewed-by: Thibaut Sautereau Cc: Aleksa Sarai Cc: Al Viro Cc: Kees Cook --- fs/namei.c | 2 ++ include/linux/fs.h | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/fs/namei.c b/fs/namei.c index a320371899cf..33b6d372e74a 100644 --- a/fs/namei.c +++ b/fs/namei.c @@ -2849,6 +2849,8 @@ static int may_open(const struct path *path, int acc_mode, int flag) break; } + /* Pass the mount point executability. */ + acc_mode |= path_noexec(path) ? 0 : MAY_EXECMOUNT; error = inode_permission(inode, MAY_OPEN | acc_mode); if (error) return error; diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h index f5be4be7c01d..9213147d8636 100644 --- a/include/linux/fs.h +++ b/include/linux/fs.h @@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ typedef int (dio_iodone_t)(struct kiocb *iocb, loff_t offset, #define MAY_NOT_BLOCK 0x00000080 /* the inode is opened with RESOLVE_MAYEXEC */ #define MAY_OPENEXEC 0x00000100 +/* the mount point is marked as executable */ +#define MAY_EXECMOUNT 0x00000200 /* * flags in file.f_mode. Note that FMODE_READ and FMODE_WRITE must correspond From patchwork Tue Apr 28 17:51:27 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= X-Patchwork-Id: 11515299 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1247F112C for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:51:52 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF5FD20BED for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:51:51 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728616AbgD1Rvv (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:51:51 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:37642 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1728618AbgD1Rvu (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:51:50 -0400 Received: from smtp-bc09.mail.infomaniak.ch (smtp-bc09.mail.infomaniak.ch [IPv6:2001:1600:3:17::bc09]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BE214C03C1AC for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 10:51:49 -0700 (PDT) Received: from smtp-3-0000.mail.infomaniak.ch (unknown [10.4.36.107]) by smtp-2-3000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 49BTjc4C21zlhGW9; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:48 +0200 (CEST) Received: from localhost (unknown [94.23.54.103]) by smtp-3-0000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 49BTjW491bzm6dy1; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:43 +0200 (CEST) From: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Aleksa Sarai , Alexei Starovoitov , Al Viro , Andy Lutomirski , Christian Heimes , Daniel Borkmann , Deven Bowers , Eric Chiang , Florian Weimer , James Morris , Jan Kara , Jann Horn , Jonathan Corbet , Kees Cook , Matthew Garrett , Matthew Wilcox , Michael Kerrisk , =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BC?= =?utf-8?q?n?= , Mimi Zohar , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Tr=C3=A9buchet?= , Scott Shell , Sean Christopherson , Shuah Khan , Steve Dower , Steve Grubb , Thibaut Sautereau , Vincent Strubel , kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 3/5] fs: Enable to enforce noexec mounts or file exec through RESOLVE_MAYEXEC Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:27 +0200 Message-Id: <20200428175129.634352-4-mic@digikod.net> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.26.2 In-Reply-To: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> References: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Antivirus: Dr.Web (R) for Unix mail servers drweb plugin ver.6.0.2.8 X-Antivirus-Code: 0x100000 Sender: linux-fsdevel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Enable to either propagate the mount options from the underlying VFS mount to prevent execution, or to propagate the file execute permission. This may allow a script interpreter to check execution permissions before reading commands from a file. The main goal is to be able to protect the kernel by restricting arbitrary syscalls that an attacker could perform with a crafted binary or certain script languages. It also improves multilevel isolation by reducing the ability of an attacker to use side channels with specific code. These restrictions can natively be enforced for ELF binaries (with the noexec mount option) but require this kernel extension to properly handle scripts (e.g., Python, Perl). Add a new sysctl fs.open_mayexec_enforce to control this behavior. Indeed, because of compatibility with installed systems, only the system administrator is able to check that this new enforcement is in line with the system mount points and file permissions. A following patch adds documentation. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün Reviewed-by: Philippe Trébuchet Reviewed-by: Thibaut Sautereau Cc: Aleksa Sarai Cc: Al Viro Cc: Kees Cook --- Changes since v2: * Cosmetic changes. Changes since v1: * Move code from Yama to the FS subsystem (suggested by Kees Cook). * Make omayexec_inode_permission() static (suggested by Jann Horn). * Use mode 0600 for the sysctl. * Only match regular files (not directories nor other types), which follows the same semantic as commit 73601ea5b7b1 ("fs/open.c: allow opening only regular files during execve()"). --- fs/namei.c | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- include/linux/fs.h | 3 ++ kernel/sysctl.c | 7 +++++ 3 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/fs/namei.c b/fs/namei.c index 33b6d372e74a..dbf56de1fbe8 100644 --- a/fs/namei.c +++ b/fs/namei.c @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include "internal.h" #include "mount.h" @@ -411,10 +412,40 @@ static int sb_permission(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *inode, int mask) return 0; } +#define OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_NONE 0 +#define OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_MOUNT (1 << 0) +#define OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_FILE (1 << 1) +#define _OMAYEXEC_LAST OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_FILE +#define _OMAYEXEC_MASK ((_OMAYEXEC_LAST << 1) - 1) + +/** + * omayexec_inode_permission - Check RESOLVE_MAYEXEC before accessing an inode + * + * @inode: Inode to check permission on + * @mask: Right to check for (%MAY_OPENEXEC, %MAY_EXECMOUNT, %MAY_EXEC) + * + * Returns 0 if access is permitted, -EACCES otherwise. + */ +static inline int omayexec_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask) +{ + if (!(mask & MAY_OPENEXEC)) + return 0; + + if ((sysctl_omayexec_enforce & OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_MOUNT) && + !(mask & MAY_EXECMOUNT)) + return -EACCES; + + if (sysctl_omayexec_enforce & OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_FILE) + return generic_permission(inode, MAY_EXEC); + + return 0; +} + /** * inode_permission - Check for access rights to a given inode * @inode: Inode to check permission on - * @mask: Right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC) + * @mask: Right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC, %MAY_OPENEXEC, + * %MAY_EXECMOUNT) * * Check for read/write/execute permissions on an inode. We use fs[ug]id for * this, letting us set arbitrary permissions for filesystem access without @@ -454,10 +485,48 @@ int inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask) if (retval) return retval; + retval = omayexec_inode_permission(inode, mask); + if (retval) + return retval; + return security_inode_permission(inode, mask); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_permission); +/* + * Handle open_mayexec_enforce sysctl + */ +#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL +int proc_omayexec(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void __user *buffer, + size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos) +{ + int error; + + if (write) { + struct ctl_table table_copy; + int tmp_mayexec_enforce; + + if (!capable(CAP_MAC_ADMIN)) + return -EPERM; + tmp_mayexec_enforce = *((int *)table->data); + table_copy = *table; + /* Do not erase sysctl_omayexec_enforce. */ + table_copy.data = &tmp_mayexec_enforce; + error = proc_dointvec(&table_copy, write, buffer, lenp, ppos); + if (error) + return error; + if ((tmp_mayexec_enforce | _OMAYEXEC_MASK) != _OMAYEXEC_MASK) + return -EINVAL; + *((int *)table->data) = tmp_mayexec_enforce; + } else { + error = proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos); + if (error) + return error; + } + return 0; +} +#endif + /** * path_get - get a reference to a path * @path: path to get the reference to @@ -922,6 +991,7 @@ int sysctl_protected_symlinks __read_mostly = 0; int sysctl_protected_hardlinks __read_mostly = 0; int sysctl_protected_fifos __read_mostly; int sysctl_protected_regular __read_mostly; +int sysctl_omayexec_enforce __read_mostly = OMAYEXEC_ENFORCE_NONE; /** * may_follow_link - Check symlink following for unsafe situations diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h index 9213147d8636..850c98276b6e 100644 --- a/include/linux/fs.h +++ b/include/linux/fs.h @@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ extern int sysctl_protected_symlinks; extern int sysctl_protected_hardlinks; extern int sysctl_protected_fifos; extern int sysctl_protected_regular; +extern int sysctl_omayexec_enforce; typedef __kernel_rwf_t rwf_t; @@ -3545,6 +3546,8 @@ int proc_nr_dentry(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos); int proc_nr_inodes(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos); +int proc_omayexec(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void __user *buffer, + size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos); int __init get_filesystem_list(char *buf); #define __FMODE_EXEC ((__force int) FMODE_EXEC) diff --git a/kernel/sysctl.c b/kernel/sysctl.c index 8a176d8727a3..911afa69f84c 100644 --- a/kernel/sysctl.c +++ b/kernel/sysctl.c @@ -1892,6 +1892,13 @@ static struct ctl_table fs_table[] = { .extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO, .extra2 = &two, }, + { + .procname = "open_mayexec_enforce", + .data = &sysctl_omayexec_enforce, + .maxlen = sizeof(int), + .mode = 0600, + .proc_handler = proc_omayexec, + }, #if defined(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) || defined(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC_MODULE) { .procname = "binfmt_misc", From patchwork Tue Apr 28 17:51:28 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= X-Patchwork-Id: 11515327 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EABE1112C for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:52:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C734B20B80 for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:52:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728426AbgD1RwX (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:52:23 -0400 Received: from smtp-42aa.mail.infomaniak.ch ([84.16.66.170]:40195 "EHLO smtp-42aa.mail.infomaniak.ch" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1728337AbgD1RwW (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:52:22 -0400 Received: from smtp-3-0001.mail.infomaniak.ch (unknown [10.4.36.108]) by smtp-3-3000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 49BTjd5tz7zlhJLg; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:49 +0200 (CEST) Received: from localhost (unknown [94.23.54.103]) by smtp-3-0001.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 49BTjd35h5zmFgNv; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:49 +0200 (CEST) From: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Aleksa Sarai , Alexei Starovoitov , Al Viro , Andy Lutomirski , Christian Heimes , Daniel Borkmann , Deven Bowers , Eric Chiang , Florian Weimer , James Morris , Jan Kara , Jann Horn , Jonathan Corbet , Kees Cook , Matthew Garrett , Matthew Wilcox , Michael Kerrisk , =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BC?= =?utf-8?q?n?= , Mimi Zohar , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Tr=C3=A9buchet?= , Scott Shell , Sean Christopherson , Shuah Khan , Steve Dower , Steve Grubb , Thibaut Sautereau , Vincent Strubel , kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 4/5] selftest/openat2: Add tests for RESOLVE_MAYEXEC enforcing Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:28 +0200 Message-Id: <20200428175129.634352-5-mic@digikod.net> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.26.2 In-Reply-To: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> References: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Antivirus: Dr.Web (R) for Unix mail servers drweb plugin ver.6.0.2.8 X-Antivirus-Code: 0x100000 Sender: linux-fsdevel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Test propagation of noexec mount points or file executability through files open with or without RESOLVE_MAYEXEC. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün Reviewed-by: Thibaut Sautereau Cc: Aleksa Sarai Cc: Al Viro Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Shuah Khan --- Changes since v2: * Move tests from exec/ to openat2/ . * Replace O_MAYEXEC with RESOLVE_MAYEXEC from openat2(2). * Cleanup tests. Changes since v1: * Move tests from yama/ to exec/ . * Fix _GNU_SOURCE in kselftest_harness.h . * Add a new test sysctl_access_write to check if CAP_MAC_ADMIN is taken into account. * Test directory execution which is always forbidden since commit 73601ea5b7b1 ("fs/open.c: allow opening only regular files during execve()"), and also check that even the root user can not bypass file execution checks. * Make sure delete_workspace() always as enough right to succeed. * Cosmetic cleanup. --- tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_harness.h | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/openat2/Makefile | 3 +- tools/testing/selftests/openat2/config | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/openat2/helpers.h | 3 + .../testing/selftests/openat2/omayexec_test.c | 315 ++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 324 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/openat2/config create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/openat2/omayexec_test.c diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_harness.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_harness.h index 2bb8c81fc0b4..f6e056ba4a13 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_harness.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_harness.h @@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ #ifndef __KSELFTEST_HARNESS_H #define __KSELFTEST_HARNESS_H +#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE #define _GNU_SOURCE +#endif + #include #include #include diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/Makefile index 4b93b1417b86..cb98bdb4d5b1 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/Makefile @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -TEST_GEN_PROGS := openat2_test resolve_test rename_attack_test +LDLIBS += -lcap +TEST_GEN_PROGS := openat2_test resolve_test rename_attack_test omayexec_test include ../lib.mk diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/config b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/config new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..dd53c266bf52 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/config @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +CONFIG_SYSCTL=y diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/helpers.h b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/helpers.h index a6ea27344db2..2a46d5446110 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/helpers.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/helpers.h @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ #define _GNU_SOURCE #include +#include #include #include #include "../kselftest.h" @@ -60,6 +61,8 @@ bool needs_openat2(const struct open_how *how); #define RESOLVE_IN_ROOT 0x10 /* Make all jumps to "/" and ".." be scoped inside the dirfd (similar to chroot(2)). */ +#define RESOLVE_MAYEXEC 0x20 /* Command execution from file is + intended, checks exec permissions. */ #endif /* RESOLVE_IN_ROOT */ #define E_func(func, ...) \ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/omayexec_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/omayexec_test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5298cbd5b7e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/openat2/omayexec_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * Test openat2(2) with RESOLVE_MAYEXEC + * + * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI + * + * Author: Mickaël Salaün + */ + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#include "helpers.h" +#include "../kselftest_harness.h" + +#define SYSCTL_MAYEXEC "/proc/sys/fs/open_mayexec_enforce" + +#define BIN_DIR "./test-mount" +#define BIN_PATH BIN_DIR "/file" +#define DIR_PATH BIN_DIR "/directory" + +#define ALLOWED 1 +#define DENIED 0 + +static void ignore_dac(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int override) +{ + cap_t caps; + const cap_value_t cap_val[2] = { + CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, + CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH, + }; + + caps = cap_get_proc(); + ASSERT_NE(NULL, caps); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 2, cap_val, + override ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_set_proc(caps)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, cap_free(caps)); +} + +static void ignore_mac(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int override) +{ + cap_t caps; + const cap_value_t cap_val[1] = { + CAP_MAC_ADMIN, + }; + + caps = cap_get_proc(); + ASSERT_NE(NULL, caps); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, cap_val, + override ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_set_proc(caps)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, cap_free(caps)); +} + +static void test_omx(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, + const char *const path, const int exec_allowed) +{ + struct open_how how = { + .flags = O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, + }; + int fd; + + /* Opens without MAYEXEC. */ + fd = sys_openat2(AT_FDCWD, path, &how); + ASSERT_LE(0, fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd)); + + /* Opens with MAYEXEC. */ + how.resolve = RESOLVE_MAYEXEC; + fd = sys_openat2(AT_FDCWD, path, &how); + if (exec_allowed) { + ASSERT_LE(0, fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd)); + } else { + ASSERT_EQ(-EACCES, fd); + } +} + +static void test_omx_dir_file(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, + const char *const dir_path, const char *const file_path, + const int exec_allowed) +{ + /* + * Directory execution is always denied since commit 73601ea5b7b1 + * ("fs/open.c: allow opening only regular files during execve()"). + */ + test_omx(_metadata, dir_path, DENIED); + test_omx(_metadata, file_path, exec_allowed); +} + +static void test_dir_file(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, + const char *const dir_path, const char *const file_path, + const int exec_allowed) +{ + /* Tests as root. */ + ignore_dac(_metadata, 1); + test_omx_dir_file(_metadata, dir_path, file_path, exec_allowed); + + /* Tests without bypass. */ + ignore_dac(_metadata, 0); + test_omx_dir_file(_metadata, dir_path, file_path, exec_allowed); +} + +static void sysctl_write(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, + const char *path, const char *value) +{ + int fd; + size_t len_value; + ssize_t len_wrote; + + fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, fd); + len_value = strlen(value); + len_wrote = write(fd, value, len_value); + ASSERT_EQ(len_wrote, len_value); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd)); +} + +static void create_workspace(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, + int mount_exec, int file_exec) +{ + int fd; + + /* + * Cleans previous workspace if any error previously happened (don't + * check errors). + */ + umount(BIN_DIR); + rmdir(BIN_DIR); + + /* Creates a clean mount point. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, mkdir(BIN_DIR, 00700)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mount("test", BIN_DIR, "tmpfs", + MS_MGC_VAL | (mount_exec ? 0 : MS_NOEXEC), + "mode=0700,size=4k")); + + /* Creates a test file. */ + fd = open(BIN_PATH, O_CREAT | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, + file_exec ? 00500 : 00400); + ASSERT_LE(0, fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd)); + + /* Creates a test directory. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, mkdir(DIR_PATH, file_exec ? 00500 : 00400)); +} + +static void delete_workspace(struct __test_metadata *_metadata) +{ + ignore_mac(_metadata, 1); + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "0"); + + /* There is no need to unlink BIN_PATH nor DIR_PATH. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, umount(BIN_DIR)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(BIN_DIR)); +} + +FIXTURE_DATA(mount_exec_file_exec) { }; + +FIXTURE_SETUP(mount_exec_file_exec) +{ + create_workspace(_metadata, 1, 1); +} + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(mount_exec_file_exec) +{ + delete_workspace(_metadata); +} + +TEST_F(mount_exec_file_exec, mount) +{ + /* Enforces mount exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "1"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, ALLOWED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_exec_file_exec, file) +{ + /* Enforces file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "2"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, ALLOWED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_exec_file_exec, mount_file) +{ + /* Enforces mount and file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "3"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, ALLOWED); +} + +FIXTURE_DATA(mount_exec_file_noexec) { }; + +FIXTURE_SETUP(mount_exec_file_noexec) +{ + create_workspace(_metadata, 1, 0); +} + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(mount_exec_file_noexec) +{ + delete_workspace(_metadata); +} + +TEST_F(mount_exec_file_noexec, mount) +{ + /* Enforces mount exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "1"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, ALLOWED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_exec_file_noexec, file) +{ + /* Enforces file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "2"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_exec_file_noexec, mount_file) +{ + /* Enforces mount and file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "3"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +FIXTURE_DATA(mount_noexec_file_exec) { }; + +FIXTURE_SETUP(mount_noexec_file_exec) +{ + create_workspace(_metadata, 0, 1); +} + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(mount_noexec_file_exec) +{ + delete_workspace(_metadata); +} + +TEST_F(mount_noexec_file_exec, mount) +{ + /* Enforces mount exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "1"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_noexec_file_exec, file) +{ + /* Enforces file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "2"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, ALLOWED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_noexec_file_exec, mount_file) +{ + /* Enforces mount and file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "3"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +FIXTURE_DATA(mount_noexec_file_noexec) { }; + +FIXTURE_SETUP(mount_noexec_file_noexec) +{ + create_workspace(_metadata, 0, 0); +} + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(mount_noexec_file_noexec) +{ + delete_workspace(_metadata); +} + +TEST_F(mount_noexec_file_noexec, mount) +{ + /* Enforces mount exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "1"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_noexec_file_noexec, file) +{ + /* Enforces file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "2"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +TEST_F(mount_noexec_file_noexec, mount_file) +{ + /* Enforces mount and file exec check. */ + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "3"); + test_dir_file(_metadata, DIR_PATH, BIN_PATH, DENIED); +} + +TEST(sysctl_access_write) +{ + int fd; + ssize_t len_wrote; + + ignore_mac(_metadata, 1); + sysctl_write(_metadata, SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, "0"); + + ignore_mac(_metadata, 0); + fd = open(SYSCTL_MAYEXEC, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, fd); + len_wrote = write(fd, "0", 1); + ASSERT_EQ(len_wrote, -1); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd)); + + ignore_mac(_metadata, 1); +} + +TEST_HARNESS_MAIN From patchwork Tue Apr 28 17:51:29 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= X-Patchwork-Id: 11515307 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 29E80112C for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:51:58 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1DD3720757 for ; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:51:58 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728661AbgD1Rv4 (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:51:56 -0400 Received: from smtp-42a9.mail.infomaniak.ch ([84.16.66.169]:60395 "EHLO smtp-42a9.mail.infomaniak.ch" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1728624AbgD1Rvz (ORCPT ); Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:51:55 -0400 Received: from smtp-2-0001.mail.infomaniak.ch (unknown [10.5.36.108]) by smtp-2-3000.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 49BTjg0nNrzlh9H6; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:51 +0200 (CEST) Received: from localhost (unknown [94.23.54.103]) by smtp-2-0001.mail.infomaniak.ch (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 49BTjf4fKVzmCTtP; Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:50 +0200 (CEST) From: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= , Aleksa Sarai , Alexei Starovoitov , Al Viro , Andy Lutomirski , Christian Heimes , Daniel Borkmann , Deven Bowers , Eric Chiang , Florian Weimer , James Morris , Jan Kara , Jann Horn , Jonathan Corbet , Kees Cook , Matthew Garrett , Matthew Wilcox , Michael Kerrisk , =?utf-8?q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BC?= =?utf-8?q?n?= , Mimi Zohar , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Tr=C3=A9buchet?= , Scott Shell , Sean Christopherson , Shuah Khan , Steve Dower , Steve Grubb , Thibaut Sautereau , Vincent Strubel , kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 5/5] doc: Add documentation for the fs.open_mayexec_enforce sysctl Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 19:51:29 +0200 Message-Id: <20200428175129.634352-6-mic@digikod.net> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.26.2 In-Reply-To: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> References: <20200428175129.634352-1-mic@digikod.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Antivirus: Dr.Web (R) for Unix mail servers drweb plugin ver.6.0.2.8 X-Antivirus-Code: 0x100000 Sender: linux-fsdevel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün Reviewed-by: Thibaut Sautereau Cc: Aleksa Sarai Cc: Al Viro Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Kees Cook --- Changes since v2: * Update documentation with the new RESOLVE_MAYEXEC. * Improve explanations, including concerns about LD_PRELOAD. Changes since v1: * Move from LSM/Yama to sysctl/fs . --- Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+) diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst index 2a45119e3331..1ed65a38d5fb 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/fs: - inode-nr - inode-state - nr_open +- open_mayexec_enforce - overflowuid - overflowgid - pipe-user-pages-hard @@ -165,6 +166,48 @@ system needs to prune the inode list instead of allocating more. +open_mayexec_enforce +-------------------- + +The ``RESOLVE_MAYEXEC`` flag can be passed to :manpage:`openat2(2)` to only +open regular files that are expected to be executable. If the file is not +identified as executable, then the syscall returns -EACCES. This may allow a +script interpreter to check executable permission before reading commands from +a file. One interesting use case is to enforce a "write xor execute" policy +through interpreters. + +The ability to restrict code execution must be thought as a system-wide policy, +which first starts by restricting mount points with the ``noexec`` option. +This option is also automatically applied to special filesystems such as /proc +. This prevents files on such mount points to be directly executed by the +kernel or mapped as executable memory (e.g. libraries). With script +interpreters using the ``RESOLVE_MAYEXEC`` flag, the executable permission can +then be checked before reading commands from files. This makes it possible to +enforce the ``noexec`` at the interpreter level, and thus propagates this +security policy to scripts. To be fully effective, these interpreters also +need to handle the other ways to execute code: command line parameters (e.g., +option ``-e`` for Perl), module loading (e.g., option ``-m`` for Python), +stdin, file sourcing, environment variables, configuration files, etc. +According to the threat model, it may be acceptable to allow some script +interpreters (e.g. Bash) to interpret commands from stdin, may it be a TTY or a +pipe, because it may not be enough to (directly) perform syscalls. + +There are two complementary security policies: enforce the ``noexec`` mount +option, and enforce executable file permission. These policies are handled by +the ``fs.open_mayexec_enforce`` sysctl (writable only with ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``) +as a bitmask: + +1 - Mount restriction: checks that the mount options for the underlying VFS + mount do not prevent execution. + +2 - File permission restriction: checks that the to-be-opened file is marked as + executable for the current process (e.g., POSIX permissions). + +Code samples can be found in tools/testing/selftests/openat2/omayexec_test.c +and (with the original ``O_MAYEXEC``) at +https://github.com/clipos-archive/clipos4_portage-overlay/search?q=O_MAYEXEC . + + overflowgid & overflowuid -------------------------