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[83.57.168.62]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id ay21sm2876646wmb.7.2021.11.16.07.13.23 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:23 -0800 (PST) From: =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud=C3=A9?= To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Subject: [PATCH-for-6.2? 1/3] docs/devel/style: Improve GLib functions rST rendering Date: Tue, 16 Nov 2021 16:13:15 +0100 Message-Id: <20211116151317.2691125-2-philmd@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.31.1 In-Reply-To: <20211116151317.2691125-1-philmd@redhat.com> References: <20211116151317.2691125-1-philmd@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Authentication-Results: relay.mimecast.com; auth=pass smtp.auth=CUSA124A263 smtp.mailfrom=philmd@redhat.com X-Mimecast-Spam-Score: 0 X-Mimecast-Originator: redhat.com Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.133.124; envelope-from=philmd@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -34 X-Spam_score: -3.5 X-Spam_bar: --- X-Spam_report: (-3.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.697, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2=-0.001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Peter Maydell , "Daniel P . Berrange" , Markus Armbruster , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud?= =?utf-8?q?=C3=A9?= Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org Sender: "Qemu-devel" Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé --- docs/devel/style.rst | 31 ++++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/devel/style.rst b/docs/devel/style.rst index 260e3263fa0..415a6b9d700 100644 --- a/docs/devel/style.rst +++ b/docs/devel/style.rst @@ -413,13 +413,14 @@ multiple exist paths you can also improve the readability of the code by using ``g_autofree`` and related annotations. See :ref:`autofree-ref` for more details. -Calling ``g_malloc`` with a zero size is valid and will return NULL. +Calling ``g_malloc`` with a zero size is valid and will return ``NULL``. Prefer ``g_new(T, n)`` instead of ``g_malloc(sizeof(T) * n)`` for the following reasons: -* It catches multiplication overflowing size_t; -* It returns T ``*`` instead of void ``*``, letting compiler catch more type errors. +* It catches multiplication overflowing ``size_t``; +* It returns ``T *`` instead of ``void *``, letting compiler catch more type + errors. Declarations like @@ -444,14 +445,14 @@ use this similar function when possible, but note its different signature: void pstrcpy(char *dest, int dest_buf_size, const char *src) -Don't use strcat because it can't check for buffer overflows, but: +Don't use ``strcat`` because it can't check for buffer overflows, but: .. code-block:: c char *pstrcat(char *buf, int buf_size, const char *s) -The same limitation exists with sprintf and vsprintf, so use snprintf and -vsnprintf. +The same limitation exists with ``sprintf`` and ``vsprintf``, so use +``snprintf`` and ``vsnprintf``. QEMU provides other useful string functions: @@ -464,8 +465,8 @@ QEMU provides other useful string functions: There are also replacement character processing macros for isxyz and toxyz, so instead of e.g. isalnum you should use qemu_isalnum. -Because of the memory management rules, you must use g_strdup/g_strndup -instead of plain strdup/strndup. +Because of the memory management rules, you must use ``g_strdup/g_strndup`` +instead of plain ``strdup/strndup``. Printf-style functions ====================== @@ -524,10 +525,10 @@ automatic cleanup: Most notably: -* g_autofree - will invoke g_free() on the variable going out of scope +* ``g_autofree`` - will invoke ``g_free()`` on the variable going out of scope -* g_autoptr - for structs / objects, will invoke the cleanup func created - by a previous use of G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC. This is +* ``g_autoptr`` - for structs / objects, will invoke the cleanup func created + by a previous use of ``G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC``. This is supported for most GLib data types and GObjects For example, instead of @@ -551,7 +552,7 @@ For example, instead of return ret; } -Using g_autofree/g_autoptr enables the code to be written as: +Using ``g_autofree/g_autoptr`` enables the code to be written as: .. code-block:: c @@ -569,13 +570,13 @@ Using g_autofree/g_autoptr enables the code to be written as: While this generally results in simpler, less leak-prone code, there are still some caveats to beware of -* Variables declared with g_auto* MUST always be initialized, +* Variables declared with ``g_auto*`` MUST always be initialized, otherwise the cleanup function will use uninitialized stack memory -* If a variable declared with g_auto* holds a value which must +* If a variable declared with ``g_auto*`` holds a value which must live beyond the life of the function, that value must be saved and the original variable NULL'd out. This can be simpler using - g_steal_pointer + ``g_steal_pointer`` .. code-block:: c From patchwork Tue Nov 16 15:13:16 2021 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud=C3=A9?= X-Patchwork-Id: 12622665 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C24AC433EF for ; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:18:09 +0000 (UTC) Received: from lists.gnu.org (lists.gnu.org [209.51.188.17]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C8B95630EF for ; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:18:08 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.4.1 mail.kernel.org C8B95630EF Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=none dis=none) header.from=redhat.com Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=nongnu.org Received: from localhost ([::1]:59764 helo=lists1p.gnu.org) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1mn0Dn-0006xg-PU for qemu-devel@archiver.kernel.org; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:18:07 -0500 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([209.51.188.92]:33044) by lists.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1mn09Q-0001fg-7b for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:36 -0500 Received: from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com ([170.10.133.124]:46323) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1mn09N-0001tX-Ur for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:35 -0500 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=redhat.com; s=mimecast20190719; t=1637075613; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=Ms3B9QbG5Lq6X9ovVT6jCZ1RA1SZmRfiYx9TmX6F1t4=; b=W9XP767C8RintxATASpPtVIAQUFQjtMFIyANvLt4Tz8HqrzE8zUl/XBG6GYMn0tNDbaYp5 BtpIPL+8illJPN/oWgzX55y4aDWE8Ra29SyS4MUcmtmEYrGE6Gc7WmVtD0ZpNJlwDESLHQ kkPjuWC1Hnqi+e+SXjRgF7UeZ60SUpE= Received: from mail-wm1-f72.google.com (mail-wm1-f72.google.com [209.85.128.72]) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP with STARTTLS (version=TLSv1.2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id us-mta-72-Yi_hDwKLM-u-98qdauji_A-1; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:32 -0500 X-MC-Unique: Yi_hDwKLM-u-98qdauji_A-1 Received: by mail-wm1-f72.google.com with SMTP id b133-20020a1c808b000000b0032cdd691994so1348871wmd.1 for ; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:31 -0800 (PST) X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20210112; h=x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=Ms3B9QbG5Lq6X9ovVT6jCZ1RA1SZmRfiYx9TmX6F1t4=; b=ukjvrLSUfRDcXqAsB+t5MLD5gkqZyWTScRetN0yRhx+9PHQDNIP+5cafjRkQMYj/6h hfkxlJ1QmFPgQU7ifWAP+PKAJ8eNTUKjuH/xLPKh7nTSA57gjuc5/H1LYoKR1RVFAlUJ 48SEgG8cH0irRCKt8Md304qdXLYb/diW3JaUoBO8wxGKzda7s6M1Z+kGplWNs7SEG9ML la4ONOteU1ikkjqHge33OrJBWeo4xlhccNaSYAI7FAS6cDuwmHs/l1YwZK/O4IyQNqso gQQNYzeHjfvZsJFpxPXP6hF4sI3nXf9SUAgYAnIU7HjAmw/YryAHYy1Pn2h0ZoVbVA21 rG5Q== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM530zaR2TqxiJXX3OTiP4muaRlU5Wh9KmLHF4e5uXOsgJcieuCIlR oHSfp++hNFM5coxOel/BLbtFjeRFJ5ZddvHCvkiEz2P8zYh3detUlPMd8SB5okPzRyPwdcWFusV WI9FVltV2fyWGEnhKlsKR+dZYKDJolG0dVhJlUSN9DG0HK5RvS3JEutXBRC/eSOTk X-Received: by 2002:a5d:46cb:: with SMTP id g11mr10255453wrs.26.1637075609548; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:29 -0800 (PST) X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJyKrIz4ZXrYywbmjqVM+jHNv8Gv2kN8EykBs2fpvd6a/Pt52hzN1viz2/PIyiFpw2ui9yGJBg== X-Received: by 2002:a5d:46cb:: with SMTP id g11mr10255376wrs.26.1637075609047; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:29 -0800 (PST) Received: from x1w.. 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[83.57.168.62]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id o4sm3141465wmq.31.2021.11.16.07.13.28 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:28 -0800 (PST) From: =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud=C3=A9?= To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Subject: [PATCH-for-6.2? 2/3] docs/devel/style: Improve Error** functions rST rendering Date: Tue, 16 Nov 2021 16:13:16 +0100 Message-Id: <20211116151317.2691125-3-philmd@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.31.1 In-Reply-To: <20211116151317.2691125-1-philmd@redhat.com> References: <20211116151317.2691125-1-philmd@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Authentication-Results: relay.mimecast.com; auth=pass smtp.auth=CUSA124A263 smtp.mailfrom=philmd@redhat.com X-Mimecast-Spam-Score: 0 X-Mimecast-Originator: redhat.com Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.133.124; envelope-from=philmd@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -34 X-Spam_score: -3.5 X-Spam_bar: --- X-Spam_report: (-3.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.697, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2=-0.001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Peter Maydell , "Daniel P . Berrange" , Markus Armbruster , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud?= =?utf-8?q?=C3=A9?= Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org Sender: "Qemu-devel" Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé --- docs/devel/style.rst | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/devel/style.rst b/docs/devel/style.rst index 415a6b9d700..21f0f213193 100644 --- a/docs/devel/style.rst +++ b/docs/devel/style.rst @@ -602,16 +602,16 @@ Error handling and reporting Reporting errors to the human user ---------------------------------- -Do not use printf(), fprintf() or monitor_printf(). Instead, use -error_report() or error_vreport() from error-report.h. This ensures the -error is reported in the right place (current monitor or stderr), and in -a uniform format. +Do not use ``printf()``, ``fprintf()`` or ``monitor_printf()``. Instead, use +``error_report()`` or ``error_vreport()`` from error-report.h. This ensures +the error is reported in the right place (current monitor or ``stderr``), and +in a uniform format. -Use error_printf() & friends to print additional information. +Use ``error_printf()`` & friends to print additional information. -error_report() prints the current location. In certain common cases +``error_report()`` prints the current location. In certain common cases like command line parsing, the current location is tracked -automatically. To manipulate it manually, use the loc_``*``() from +automatically. To manipulate it manually, use the ``loc_*()`` from error-report.h. Propagating errors @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ An error can't always be reported to the user right where it's detected, but often needs to be propagated up the call chain to a place that can handle it. This can be done in various ways. -The most flexible one is Error objects. See error.h for usage +The most flexible one is ``Error`` objects. See error.h for usage information. Use the simplest suitable method to communicate success / failure to @@ -631,10 +631,10 @@ error, non-negative / -errno, non-null / null, or Error objects. Example: when a function returns a non-null pointer on success, and it can fail only in one way (as far as the caller is concerned), returning null on failure is just fine, and certainly simpler and a lot easier on -the eyes than propagating an Error object through an Error ``*````*`` parameter. +the eyes than propagating an Error object through an ``Error **`` parameter. Example: when a function's callers need to report details on failure -only the function really knows, use Error ``*````*``, and set suitable errors. +only the function really knows, use ``Error **``, and set suitable errors. Do not report an error to the user when you're also returning an error for somebody else to handle. Leave the reporting to the place that @@ -643,17 +643,17 @@ consumes the error returned. Handling errors --------------- -Calling exit() is fine when handling configuration errors during +Calling ``exit()`` is fine when handling configuration errors during startup. It's problematic during normal operation. In particular, -monitor commands should never exit(). +monitor commands should never ``exit()``. -Do not call exit() or abort() to handle an error that can be triggered +Do not call ``exit()`` or ``abort()`` to handle an error that can be triggered by the guest (e.g., some unimplemented corner case in guest code translation or device emulation). Guests should not be able to terminate QEMU. -Note that &error_fatal is just another way to exit(1), and &error_abort -is just another way to abort(). +Note that ``&error_fatal`` is just another way to ``exit(1)``, and +``&error_abort`` is just another way to ``abort()``. trace-events style From patchwork Tue Nov 16 15:13:17 2021 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud=C3=A9?= X-Patchwork-Id: 12622673 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79250C433EF for ; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:19:08 +0000 (UTC) Received: from lists.gnu.org (lists.gnu.org [209.51.188.17]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 15C9A6101B for ; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:19:08 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.4.1 mail.kernel.org 15C9A6101B Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=none dis=none) header.from=redhat.com Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=nongnu.org Received: from localhost ([::1]:36336 helo=lists1p.gnu.org) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1mn0El-0001i9-1a for qemu-devel@archiver.kernel.org; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:19:07 -0500 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([209.51.188.92]:33102) by lists.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1mn09g-00028q-Dk for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:52 -0500 Received: from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com ([170.10.129.124]:31763) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1mn09S-0001tw-PA for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:52 -0500 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=redhat.com; s=mimecast20190719; t=1637075618; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=vzyuU0brrhhvWPox+fPOqudlzzVJ1atjfhhAL4J13rY=; b=iEYlz/fBK3nxwkjIdFeo1oMDNQbVdJE3Rc6iZ8dEqvS8BzA2BxOzikAuWBX6M0zegjSS8+ INGGy6Hd4HAcNeacnm/ymw779PQWsMau1d4EOFWoHwi3quoMfpg4pSUyhJUCBazB4+btyJ vRt/TLAqYcGdtRuqYUa3CQ4xivPP2fY= Received: from mail-wm1-f71.google.com (mail-wm1-f71.google.com [209.85.128.71]) (Using TLS) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP id us-mta-171-X7xgHtqhO9ibCT7UCZ3rrg-1; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:37 -0500 X-MC-Unique: X7xgHtqhO9ibCT7UCZ3rrg-1 Received: by mail-wm1-f71.google.com with SMTP id g11-20020a1c200b000000b003320d092d08so7475042wmg.9 for ; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:36 -0800 (PST) X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20210112; h=x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=vzyuU0brrhhvWPox+fPOqudlzzVJ1atjfhhAL4J13rY=; b=Le+nouwRd/2V48RWVZBxJ+AGjETeYXhvw9B5Nxexbc8q9vX6tXKhQz9wSWQ5Xl6Ytk baS6cNm9kqs8sLG8LSH51URVSw/rA279DpDM31mgI08kLHWr0dRSDozzVbS0YUoYIjgu 5iwYlcjujuuClxNwXjEZclGpd/tCwG35mrYaLDnNa25HJ0yaBqaP9FCn50GX+ZFDz5jv GmVlup1tQyW3kxYci0hhOZtPHhxlkQTu38J3GKKSssdGust7dqa9ct5Yx8LktUAmo8kh 1CpZHERGviOQTUgVmnszsmMbszqwfZHTLW/YJRu+Ok+TMlF4maFHwljgspMF6Z09k9wv Fkkw== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5301Bv56FJ7iLZ1PO8lZeATdoyiPAetfunu0GRWnE8NhEQYhF0FT pheALd1amthjMKnsCjdYroBEA1reaH+Ji/tEZuJeM39qHXf0MAgoERJAucZyoUeTUb91krzuPZ/ DT/sUVM0gxBQdNCk6zgx5J68NfE365oeQvMWYHeQEggcYDRmHZsyfWPe871FUT5eG X-Received: by 2002:a5d:66cb:: with SMTP id k11mr10006219wrw.253.1637075615190; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:35 -0800 (PST) X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJwjtZ6DBQ6n07vT9BTp5kNy1gB0VdY5NYd+l3B80Slda9jokh/Oepy5lccikqFHruKHvkSIiQ== X-Received: by 2002:a5d:66cb:: with SMTP id k11mr10006133wrw.253.1637075614661; Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:34 -0800 (PST) Received: from x1w.. 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[83.57.168.62]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id y12sm17483212wrn.73.2021.11.16.07.13.33 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:13:33 -0800 (PST) From: =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud=C3=A9?= To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Subject: [PATCH-for-6.2? 3/3] docs/devel/style: Improve types/qualifiers rST rendering Date: Tue, 16 Nov 2021 16:13:17 +0100 Message-Id: <20211116151317.2691125-4-philmd@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.31.1 In-Reply-To: <20211116151317.2691125-1-philmd@redhat.com> References: <20211116151317.2691125-1-philmd@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Authentication-Results: relay.mimecast.com; auth=pass smtp.auth=CUSA124A263 smtp.mailfrom=philmd@redhat.com X-Mimecast-Spam-Score: 0 X-Mimecast-Originator: redhat.com Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.129.124; envelope-from=philmd@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -34 X-Spam_score: -3.5 X-Spam_bar: --- X-Spam_report: (-3.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.697, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Peter Maydell , "Daniel P . Berrange" , Markus Armbruster , =?utf-8?q?Philippe_Mathieu-Daud?= =?utf-8?q?=C3=A9?= Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org Sender: "Qemu-devel" Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé --- docs/devel/style.rst | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/devel/style.rst b/docs/devel/style.rst index 21f0f213193..f9f063ed8cb 100644 --- a/docs/devel/style.rst +++ b/docs/devel/style.rst @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Variables are lower_case_with_underscores; easy to type and read. Structured type names are in CamelCase; harder to type but standing out. Enum type names and function type names should also be in CamelCase. Scalar type names are lower_case_with_underscores_ending_with_a_t, like the POSIX -uint64_t and family. Note that this last convention contradicts POSIX +``uint64_t`` and family. Note that this last convention contradicts POSIX and is therefore likely to be changed. Variable Naming Conventions @@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ blocks) are generally not allowed; declarations should be at the beginning of blocks. Every now and then, an exception is made for declarations inside a -#ifdef or #ifndef block: if the code looks nicer, such declarations can +``#ifdef`` or ``#ifndef`` block: if the code looks nicer, such declarations can be placed at the top of the block even if there are statements above. -On the other hand, however, it's often best to move that #ifdef/#ifndef +On the other hand, however, it's often best to move that ``#ifdef/#ifndef`` block to a separate function altogether. Conditional statements @@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ even when the constant is on the right. Comment style ============= -We use traditional C-style /``*`` ``*``/ comments and avoid // comments. +We use traditional C-style ``/*`` ``*/`` comments and avoid ``//`` comments. -Rationale: The // form is valid in C99, so this is purely a matter of +Rationale: The ``//`` form is valid in C99, so this is purely a matter of consistency of style. The checkpatch script will warn you about this. Multiline comment blocks should have a row of stars on the left, -and the initial /``*`` and terminating ``*``/ both on their own lines: +and the initial ``/*`` and terminating ``*/`` both on their own lines: .. code-block:: c @@ -290,57 +290,57 @@ a few useful guidelines here. Scalars ------- -If you're using "int" or "long", odds are good that there's a better type. -If a variable is counting something, it should be declared with an -unsigned type. +If you're using '``int``' or '``long``', odds are good that there's a better +type. If a variable is counting something, it should be declared with an +*unsigned* type. -If it's host memory-size related, size_t should be a good choice (use -ssize_t only if required). Guest RAM memory offsets must use ram_addr_t, +If it's host memory-size related, ``size_t`` should be a good choice (use +``ssize_t`` only if required). Guest RAM memory offsets must use ``ram_addr_t``, but only for RAM, it may not cover whole guest address space. -If it's file-size related, use off_t. -If it's file-offset related (i.e., signed), use off_t. -If it's just counting small numbers use "unsigned int"; +If it's file-size related, use ``off_t``. +If it's file-offset related (i.e., signed), use ``off_t``. +If it's just counting small numbers use '``unsigned int``'; (on all but oddball embedded systems, you can assume that that type is at least four bytes wide). In the event that you require a specific width, use a standard type -like int32_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, etc. The specific types are +like ``int32_t``, ``uint32_t``, ``uint64_t``, etc. The specific types are mandatory for VMState fields. -Don't use Linux kernel internal types like u32, __u32 or __le32. +Don't use Linux kernel internal types like ``u32``, ``__u32`` or ``__le32``. -Use hwaddr for guest physical addresses except pcibus_t -for PCI addresses. In addition, ram_addr_t is a QEMU internal address +Use ``hwaddr`` for guest physical addresses except ``pcibus_t`` +for PCI addresses. In addition, ``ram_addr_t`` is a QEMU internal address space that maps guest RAM physical addresses into an intermediate address space that can map to host virtual address spaces. Generally -speaking, the size of guest memory can always fit into ram_addr_t but +speaking, the size of guest memory can always fit into ``ram_addr_t`` but it would not be correct to store an actual guest physical address in a -ram_addr_t. +``ram_addr_t``. For CPU virtual addresses there are several possible types. -vaddr is the best type to use to hold a CPU virtual address in +``vaddr`` is the best type to use to hold a CPU virtual address in target-independent code. It is guaranteed to be large enough to hold a virtual address for any target, and it does not change size from target to target. It is always unsigned. -target_ulong is a type the size of a virtual address on the CPU; this means +``target_ulong`` is a type the size of a virtual address on the CPU; this means it may be 32 or 64 bits depending on which target is being built. It should therefore be used only in target-specific code, and in some performance-critical built-per-target core code such as the TLB code. -There is also a signed version, target_long. -abi_ulong is for the ``*``-user targets, and represents a type the size of -'void ``*``' in that target's ABI. (This may not be the same as the size of a +There is also a signed version, ``target_long``. +``abi_ulong`` is for the ``*-user`` targets, and represents a type the size of +'``void *``' in that target's ABI. (This may not be the same as the size of a full CPU virtual address in the case of target ABIs which use 32 bit pointers -on 64 bit CPUs, like sparc32plus.) Definitions of structures that must match +on 64 bit CPUs, like *sparc32plus*.) Definitions of structures that must match the target's ABI must use this type for anything that on the target is defined -to be an 'unsigned long' or a pointer type. -There is also a signed version, abi_long. +to be an '``unsigned long``' or a pointer type. +There is also a signed version, ``abi_long``. Of course, take all of the above with a grain of salt. If you're about -to use some system interface that requires a type like size_t, pid_t or -off_t, use matching types for any corresponding variables. +to use some system interface that requires a type like ``size_t``, ``pid_t`` or +``off_t``, use matching types for any corresponding variables. -Also, if you try to use e.g., "unsigned int" as a type, and that +Also, if you try to use e.g., '``unsigned int``' as a type, and that conflicts with the signedness of a related variable, sometimes it's best just to use the *wrong* type, if "pulling the thread" and fixing all related variables would be too invasive. @@ -352,9 +352,9 @@ casts, then reconsider or ask for help. Pointers -------- -Ensure that all of your pointers are "const-correct". +Ensure that all of your pointers are "``const``-correct". Unless a pointer is used to modify the pointed-to storage, -give it the "const" attribute. That way, the reader knows +give it the '``const``' attribute. That way, the reader knows up-front that this is a read-only pointer. Perhaps more importantly, if we're diligent about this, when you see a non-const pointer, you're guaranteed that it is used to modify the storage @@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ it points to, or it is aliased to another pointer that is. Typedefs -------- -Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant 'struct' keyword, since type +Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant '``struct``' keyword, since type names have a different style than other identifiers ("CamelCase" versus "snake_case"). Each named struct type should have a CamelCase name and a corresponding typedef. @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ QEMU provides other useful string functions: int stristart(const char *str, const char *val, const char **ptr) int qemu_strnlen(const char *s, int max_len) -There are also replacement character processing macros for isxyz and toxyz, -so instead of e.g. isalnum you should use qemu_isalnum. +There are also replacement character processing macros for ``isxyz`` and +``toxyz``, so instead of e.g. ``isalnum`` you should use ``qemu_isalnum``. Because of the memory management rules, you must use ``g_strdup/g_strndup`` instead of plain ``strdup/strndup``. @@ -472,10 +472,10 @@ Printf-style functions ====================== Whenever you add a new printf-style function, i.e., one with a format -string argument and following "..." in its prototype, be sure to use +string argument and following '``...``' in its prototype, be sure to use gcc's printf attribute directive in the prototype. -This makes it so gcc's -Wformat and -Wformat-security options can do +This makes it so gcc's ``-Wformat`` and ``-Wformat-security`` options can do their jobs and cross-check format strings with the number and types of arguments. @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ painful. These are: the sign bit (ie it is an arithmetic shift, not a logical shift) In addition, QEMU assumes that the compiler does not use the latitude -given in C99 and C11 to treat aspects of signed '<<' as undefined, as +given in C99 and C11 to treat aspects of signed '``<<``' as undefined, as documented in the GNU Compiler Collection manual starting at version 4.0. .. _autofree-ref: @@ -659,10 +659,10 @@ Note that ``&error_fatal`` is just another way to ``exit(1)``, and trace-events style ================== -0x prefix ---------- +``0x`` prefix +------------- -In trace-events files, use a '0x' prefix to specify hex numbers, as in: +In trace-events files, use a '``0x``' prefix to specify hex numbers, as in: .. code-block:: c @@ -676,27 +676,28 @@ PCI bus id): another_trace(int cssid, int ssid, int dev_num) "bus id: %x.%x.%04x" -However, you can use '0x' for such groups if you want. Anyway, be sure that +However, you can use '``0x``' for such groups if you want. Anyway, be sure that it is obvious that numbers are in hex, ex.: .. code-block:: c data_dump(uint8_t c1, uint8_t c2, uint8_t c3) "bytes (in hex): %02x %02x %02x" -Rationale: hex numbers are hard to read in logs when there is no 0x prefix, -especially when (occasionally) the representation doesn't contain any letters -and especially in one line with other decimal numbers. Number groups are allowed -to not use '0x' because for some things notations like %x.%x.%x are used not -only in Qemu. Also dumping raw data bytes with '0x' is less readable. +Rationale: hex numbers are hard to read in logs when there is no '``0x``' +prefix, especially when (occasionally) the representation doesn't contain any +letters and especially in one line with other decimal numbers. Number groups +are allowed to not use '``0x``' because for some things notations like +'``%x.%x.%x``' are used not only in QEMU. Also dumping raw data bytes with +'``0x``' is less readable. -'#' printf flag ---------------- +'``#``' printf flag +------------------- -Do not use printf flag '#', like '%#x'. +Do not use printf flag '``#``', like '``%#x``'. -Rationale: there are two ways to add a '0x' prefix to printed number: '0x%...' -and '%#...'. For consistency the only one way should be used. Arguments for -'0x%' are: +Rationale: there are two ways to add a '``0x``' prefix to printed number: +'``0x%...``' and '``%#...``'. For consistency the only one way should be used. +Arguments for '``0x%``' are: * it is more popular -* '%#' omits the 0x for the value 0 which makes output inconsistent +* '``%#``' omits the ``0x`` for the value ``0`` which makes output inconsistent