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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:15 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:20 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-2-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 01/14] mm: x86, arm64: add arch_has_hw_pte_young() From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Barry Song , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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s=arc-20220608; d=hostedemail.com; t=1660547656; a=rsa-sha256; cv=none; b=gUjPz5PxaZsfR8uQiH13exExSUsUzo1XEij2yzf6LrRwdjmzCBt4QqgmwJeAGgiyCM/yk8 Hg6WxQAC1k+NOhdTULIIF07hnJ6ipxHNkRF8B48ZhVbi/UKkM4b150+UURa2AOIjVyARju K6YKxyHvJch5cw0wzy2jfkmGQDLwDWc= X-Stat-Signature: wcwmsdcb6a1yh9ddr1odwbpkfxd4ze9y X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: D00561401B7 Authentication-Results: imf09.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b=i0l14FcX; spf=pass (imf09.hostedemail.com: domain of 3R_L5YgYKCDIminVOcUccUZS.QcaZWbil-aaYjOQY.cfU@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.219.201 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3R_L5YgYKCDIminVOcUccUZS.QcaZWbil-aaYjOQY.cfU@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Server: rspam06 X-HE-Tag: 1660547655-33015 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: Some architectures automatically set the accessed bit in PTEs, e.g., x86 and arm64 v8.2. On architectures that do not have this capability, clearing the accessed bit in a PTE usually triggers a page fault following the TLB miss of this PTE (to emulate the accessed bit). Being aware of this capability can help make better decisions, e.g., whether to spread the work out over a period of time to reduce bursty page faults when trying to clear the accessed bit in many PTEs. Note that theoretically this capability can be unreliable, e.g., hotplugged CPUs might be different from builtin ones. Therefore it should not be used in architecture-independent code that involves correctness, e.g., to determine whether TLB flushes are required (in combination with the accessed bit). Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Reviewed-by: Barry Song Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Acked-by: Will Deacon Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 15 ++------------- arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h | 6 +++--- include/linux/pgtable.h | 13 +++++++++++++ mm/memory.c | 14 +------------- 4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h index b5df82aa99e6..71a1af42f0e8 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h @@ -1082,24 +1082,13 @@ static inline void update_mmu_cache(struct vm_area_struct *vma, * page after fork() + CoW for pfn mappings. We don't always have a * hardware-managed access flag on arm64. */ -static inline bool arch_faults_on_old_pte(void) -{ - /* The register read below requires a stable CPU to make any sense */ - cant_migrate(); - - return !cpu_has_hw_af(); -} -#define arch_faults_on_old_pte arch_faults_on_old_pte +#define arch_has_hw_pte_young cpu_has_hw_af /* * Experimentally, it's cheap to set the access flag in hardware and we * benefit from prefaulting mappings as 'old' to start with. */ -static inline bool arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte(void) -{ - return !arch_faults_on_old_pte(); -} -#define arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte +#define arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte cpu_has_hw_af static inline bool pud_sect_supported(void) { diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h index 44e2d6f1dbaa..dc5f7d8ef68a 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h @@ -1431,10 +1431,10 @@ static inline bool arch_has_pfn_modify_check(void) return boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_L1TF); } -#define arch_faults_on_old_pte arch_faults_on_old_pte -static inline bool arch_faults_on_old_pte(void) +#define arch_has_hw_pte_young arch_has_hw_pte_young +static inline bool arch_has_hw_pte_young(void) { - return false; + return true; } #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_CHECK diff --git a/include/linux/pgtable.h b/include/linux/pgtable.h index 014ee8f0fbaa..95f408df4695 100644 --- a/include/linux/pgtable.h +++ b/include/linux/pgtable.h @@ -260,6 +260,19 @@ static inline int pmdp_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */ #endif +#ifndef arch_has_hw_pte_young +/* + * Return whether the accessed bit is supported on the local CPU. + * + * This stub assumes accessing through an old PTE triggers a page fault. + * Architectures that automatically set the access bit should overwrite it. + */ +static inline bool arch_has_hw_pte_young(void) +{ + return false; +} +#endif + #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_GET_AND_CLEAR static inline pte_t ptep_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address, diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c index b994784158f5..46071cf00b47 100644 --- a/mm/memory.c +++ b/mm/memory.c @@ -126,18 +126,6 @@ int randomize_va_space __read_mostly = 2; #endif -#ifndef arch_faults_on_old_pte -static inline bool arch_faults_on_old_pte(void) -{ - /* - * Those arches which don't have hw access flag feature need to - * implement their own helper. By default, "true" means pagefault - * will be hit on old pte. - */ - return true; -} -#endif - #ifndef arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte static inline bool arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte(void) { @@ -2871,7 +2859,7 @@ static inline bool __wp_page_copy_user(struct page *dst, struct page *src, * On architectures with software "accessed" bits, we would * take a double page fault, so mark it accessed here. */ - if (arch_faults_on_old_pte() && !pte_young(vmf->orig_pte)) { + if (!arch_has_hw_pte_young() && !pte_young(vmf->orig_pte)) { pte_t entry; vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:21 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943189 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B282C282E7 for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:16 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:21 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-3-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 02/14] mm: x86: add CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Barry Song , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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bh=+K6f0/4jX+jKnK8wFp8yh3bewm2bUjE0+0/Xv+vCPNE=; b=DQ5iu8AjWu6k1WAXE+PILW0hR8Gha2zV6FpwNj8HCqtwmcBKqR8FmeGAXsJt63YVKdou/X 17Ue9dcouTDYJYg3n6hZtpPoFrTEajwplQLsqM929y0v4szbZNFLWpy7YSZ0D31Ojh8hRM 4fIuzinqOHBVOObuziLSMiIwWLyEhhA= X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: adfkgp3dccqqyotsdgh4ztq1m9wgkdu3 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: AB685C000A Authentication-Results: imf22.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b=qiz6Lyvo; spf=pass (imf22.hostedemail.com: domain of 3SPL5YgYKCDMnjoWPdVddVaT.RdbaXcjm-bbZkPRZ.dgV@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.219.202 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3SPL5YgYKCDMnjoWPdVddVaT.RdbaXcjm-bbZkPRZ.dgV@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com X-Rspamd-Server: rspam01 X-HE-Tag: 1660547657-697987 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: Some architectures support the accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries, e.g., x86 sets the accessed bit in a non-leaf PMD entry when using it as part of linear address translation [1]. Page table walkers that clear the accessed bit may use this capability to reduce their search space. Note that: 1. Although an inline function is preferable, this capability is added as a configuration option for consistency with the existing macros. 2. Due to the little interest in other varieties, this capability was only tested on Intel and AMD CPUs. Thanks to the following developers for their efforts [2][3]. Randy Dunlap Stephen Rothwell [1]: Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 3 (June 2021), section 4.8 [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/bfdcc7c8-922f-61a9-aa15-7e7250f04af7@infradead.org/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220413151513.5a0d7a7e@canb.auug.org.au/ Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Reviewed-by: Barry Song Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- arch/Kconfig | 8 ++++++++ arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 + arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h | 3 ++- arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c | 5 ++++- include/linux/pgtable.h | 4 ++-- 5 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig index f330410da63a..ebea10a4513e 100644 --- a/arch/Kconfig +++ b/arch/Kconfig @@ -1416,6 +1416,14 @@ config DYNAMIC_SIGFRAME config HAVE_ARCH_NODE_DEV_GROUP bool +config ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG + bool + help + Architectures that select this option are capable of setting the + accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries when using them as part of linear + address translations. Page table walkers that clear the accessed bit + may use this capability to reduce their search space. + source "kernel/gcov/Kconfig" source "scripts/gcc-plugins/Kconfig" diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig index f9920f1341c8..674d694a665e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ config X86 select ARCH_HAS_PMEM_API if X86_64 select ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP if X86_64 select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL + select ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG if PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2 select ARCH_HAS_UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE if X86_64 select ARCH_HAS_COPY_MC if X86_64 select ARCH_HAS_SET_MEMORY diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h index dc5f7d8ef68a..5059799bebe3 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h @@ -815,7 +815,8 @@ static inline unsigned long pmd_page_vaddr(pmd_t pmd) static inline int pmd_bad(pmd_t pmd) { - return (pmd_flags(pmd) & ~_PAGE_USER) != _KERNPG_TABLE; + return (pmd_flags(pmd) & ~(_PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED)) != + (_KERNPG_TABLE & ~_PAGE_ACCESSED); } static inline unsigned long pages_to_mb(unsigned long npg) diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c b/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c index a932d7712d85..8525f2876fb4 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c +++ b/arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ int ptep_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, return ret; } -#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE +#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG) int pmdp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmdp) { @@ -562,6 +562,9 @@ int pmdp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, return ret; } +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE int pudp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, pud_t *pudp) { diff --git a/include/linux/pgtable.h b/include/linux/pgtable.h index 95f408df4695..d9095251bffd 100644 --- a/include/linux/pgtable.h +++ b/include/linux/pgtable.h @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ static inline int ptep_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, #endif #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_TEST_AND_CLEAR_YOUNG -#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE +#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG) static inline int pmdp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp) @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ static inline int pmdp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma, BUILD_BUG(); return 0; } -#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */ +#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG */ #endif #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_CLEAR_YOUNG_FLUSH From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:22 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943190 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0AA06C25B0D for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 11CC46B0078; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:20 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 07EBA6B007B; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:19 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id D75426B007D; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:19 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: linux-mm@kvack.org Received: from relay.hostedemail.com (smtprelay0016.hostedemail.com [216.40.44.16]) by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4E696B0078 for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:18 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:22 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-4-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 03/14] mm/vmscan.c: refactor shrink_node() From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Barry Song , Miaohe Lin , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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bh=jbT0fmamqLHHHy6bhpXWYl/SFWkc/7LLcZ30oURryjM=; b=DBjhejOn6ubJkusQ769UN70VqJqv4cjGTQCtjTkCzWush66JvJ0emVHQS8d7o8c3W80g6K vhXawEmsdGr1K7K30lSvORrnnTg1oVH5R+//LCT2kIitvsKyrdmeMT4kBMdzOMBEPQL7vH XIjq5v8NP5XVuSLAiIC/BAO0K0MAGks= X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: pwwk5qt346jwqc8nuex5hzdik6zf18yi X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 3EC862001E Authentication-Results: imf03.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b="dY9sl5P/"; spf=pass (imf03.hostedemail.com: domain of 3SvL5YgYKCDUplqYRfXffXcV.TfdcZelo-ddbmRTb.fiX@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.166.74 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3SvL5YgYKCDUplqYRfXffXcV.TfdcZelo-ddbmRTb.fiX@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com X-Rspamd-Server: rspam01 X-HE-Tag: 1660547659-342651 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: This patch refactors shrink_node() to improve readability for the upcoming changes to mm/vmscan.c. Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Reviewed-by: Barry Song Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- mm/vmscan.c | 198 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-) diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index b84cacc83a1e..e12715202ca7 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -2728,6 +2728,109 @@ enum scan_balance { SCAN_FILE, }; +static void prepare_scan_count(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) +{ + unsigned long file; + struct lruvec *target_lruvec; + + target_lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(sc->target_mem_cgroup, pgdat); + + /* + * Flush the memory cgroup stats, so that we read accurate per-memcg + * lruvec stats for heuristics. + */ + mem_cgroup_flush_stats(); + + /* + * Determine the scan balance between anon and file LRUs. + */ + spin_lock_irq(&target_lruvec->lru_lock); + sc->anon_cost = target_lruvec->anon_cost; + sc->file_cost = target_lruvec->file_cost; + spin_unlock_irq(&target_lruvec->lru_lock); + + /* + * Target desirable inactive:active list ratios for the anon + * and file LRU lists. + */ + if (!sc->force_deactivate) { + unsigned long refaults; + + /* + * When refaults are being observed, it means a new + * workingset is being established. Deactivate to get + * rid of any stale active pages quickly. + */ + refaults = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, + WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE_ANON); + if (refaults != target_lruvec->refaults[WORKINGSET_ANON] || + inactive_is_low(target_lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_ANON)) + sc->may_deactivate |= DEACTIVATE_ANON; + else + sc->may_deactivate &= ~DEACTIVATE_ANON; + + refaults = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, + WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE_FILE); + if (refaults != target_lruvec->refaults[WORKINGSET_FILE] || + inactive_is_low(target_lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_FILE)) + sc->may_deactivate |= DEACTIVATE_FILE; + else + sc->may_deactivate &= ~DEACTIVATE_FILE; + } else + sc->may_deactivate = DEACTIVATE_ANON | DEACTIVATE_FILE; + + /* + * If we have plenty of inactive file pages that aren't + * thrashing, try to reclaim those first before touching + * anonymous pages. + */ + file = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_FILE); + if (file >> sc->priority && !(sc->may_deactivate & DEACTIVATE_FILE)) + sc->cache_trim_mode = 1; + else + sc->cache_trim_mode = 0; + + /* + * Prevent the reclaimer from falling into the cache trap: as + * cache pages start out inactive, every cache fault will tip + * the scan balance towards the file LRU. And as the file LRU + * shrinks, so does the window for rotation from references. + * This means we have a runaway feedback loop where a tiny + * thrashing file LRU becomes infinitely more attractive than + * anon pages. Try to detect this based on file LRU size. + */ + if (!cgroup_reclaim(sc)) { + unsigned long total_high_wmark = 0; + unsigned long free, anon; + int z; + + free = sum_zone_node_page_state(pgdat->node_id, NR_FREE_PAGES); + file = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ACTIVE_FILE) + + node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_FILE); + + for (z = 0; z < MAX_NR_ZONES; z++) { + struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[z]; + + if (!managed_zone(zone)) + continue; + + total_high_wmark += high_wmark_pages(zone); + } + + /* + * Consider anon: if that's low too, this isn't a + * runaway file reclaim problem, but rather just + * extreme pressure. Reclaim as per usual then. + */ + anon = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_ANON); + + sc->file_is_tiny = + file + free <= total_high_wmark && + !(sc->may_deactivate & DEACTIVATE_ANON) && + anon >> sc->priority; + } +} + /* * Determine how aggressively the anon and file LRU lists should be * scanned. @@ -3195,109 +3298,16 @@ static void shrink_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) unsigned long nr_reclaimed, nr_scanned; struct lruvec *target_lruvec; bool reclaimable = false; - unsigned long file; target_lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(sc->target_mem_cgroup, pgdat); again: - /* - * Flush the memory cgroup stats, so that we read accurate per-memcg - * lruvec stats for heuristics. - */ - mem_cgroup_flush_stats(); - memset(&sc->nr, 0, sizeof(sc->nr)); nr_reclaimed = sc->nr_reclaimed; nr_scanned = sc->nr_scanned; - /* - * Determine the scan balance between anon and file LRUs. - */ - spin_lock_irq(&target_lruvec->lru_lock); - sc->anon_cost = target_lruvec->anon_cost; - sc->file_cost = target_lruvec->file_cost; - spin_unlock_irq(&target_lruvec->lru_lock); - - /* - * Target desirable inactive:active list ratios for the anon - * and file LRU lists. - */ - if (!sc->force_deactivate) { - unsigned long refaults; - - /* - * When refaults are being observed, it means a new - * workingset is being established. Deactivate to get - * rid of any stale active pages quickly. - */ - refaults = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, - WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE_ANON); - if (refaults != target_lruvec->refaults[WORKINGSET_ANON] || - inactive_is_low(target_lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_ANON)) - sc->may_deactivate |= DEACTIVATE_ANON; - else - sc->may_deactivate &= ~DEACTIVATE_ANON; - - refaults = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, - WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE_FILE); - if (refaults != target_lruvec->refaults[WORKINGSET_FILE] || - inactive_is_low(target_lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_FILE)) - sc->may_deactivate |= DEACTIVATE_FILE; - else - sc->may_deactivate &= ~DEACTIVATE_FILE; - } else - sc->may_deactivate = DEACTIVATE_ANON | DEACTIVATE_FILE; - - /* - * If we have plenty of inactive file pages that aren't - * thrashing, try to reclaim those first before touching - * anonymous pages. - */ - file = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_FILE); - if (file >> sc->priority && !(sc->may_deactivate & DEACTIVATE_FILE)) - sc->cache_trim_mode = 1; - else - sc->cache_trim_mode = 0; - - /* - * Prevent the reclaimer from falling into the cache trap: as - * cache pages start out inactive, every cache fault will tip - * the scan balance towards the file LRU. And as the file LRU - * shrinks, so does the window for rotation from references. - * This means we have a runaway feedback loop where a tiny - * thrashing file LRU becomes infinitely more attractive than - * anon pages. Try to detect this based on file LRU size. - */ - if (!cgroup_reclaim(sc)) { - unsigned long total_high_wmark = 0; - unsigned long free, anon; - int z; - - free = sum_zone_node_page_state(pgdat->node_id, NR_FREE_PAGES); - file = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ACTIVE_FILE) + - node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_FILE); - - for (z = 0; z < MAX_NR_ZONES; z++) { - struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[z]; - if (!managed_zone(zone)) - continue; - - total_high_wmark += high_wmark_pages(zone); - } - - /* - * Consider anon: if that's low too, this isn't a - * runaway file reclaim problem, but rather just - * extreme pressure. Reclaim as per usual then. - */ - anon = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_ANON); - - sc->file_is_tiny = - file + free <= total_high_wmark && - !(sc->may_deactivate & DEACTIVATE_ANON) && - anon >> sc->priority; - } + prepare_scan_count(pgdat, sc); shrink_node_memcgs(pgdat, sc); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:23 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943191 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 75D5DC282E7 for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:22 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 16D616B007B; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:21 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 07FD36B007D; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:20 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id D787A6B007E; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:19 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:23 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-5-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 04/14] Revert "include/linux/mm_inline.h: fold __update_lru_size() into its sole caller" From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Miaohe Lin , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- include/linux/mm_inline.h | 9 ++++++++- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/include/linux/mm_inline.h b/include/linux/mm_inline.h index 7b25b53c474a..fb8aadb81cd6 100644 --- a/include/linux/mm_inline.h +++ b/include/linux/mm_inline.h @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ static inline int page_is_file_lru(struct page *page) return folio_is_file_lru(page_folio(page)); } -static __always_inline void update_lru_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, +static __always_inline void __update_lru_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, enum lru_list lru, enum zone_type zid, long nr_pages) { @@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ static __always_inline void update_lru_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, __mod_lruvec_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + lru, nr_pages); __mod_zone_page_state(&pgdat->node_zones[zid], NR_ZONE_LRU_BASE + lru, nr_pages); +} + +static __always_inline void update_lru_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, + enum lru_list lru, enum zone_type zid, + long nr_pages) +{ + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zid, nr_pages); #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG mem_cgroup_update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zid, nr_pages); #endif From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:24 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943192 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1A16FC00140 for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:24 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 737006B0080; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 697BB6B007E; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:23 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id 3B1908D0001; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:20 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:24 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-6-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 05/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: groundwork From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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The youngest generation number is stored in lrugen->max_seq for both anon and file types as they are aged on an equal footing. The oldest generation numbers are stored in lrugen->min_seq[] separately for anon and file types as clean file pages can be evicted regardless of swap constraints. These three variables are monotonically increasing. Generation numbers are truncated into order_base_2(MAX_NR_GENS+1) bits in order to fit into the gen counter in folio->flags. Each truncated generation number is an index to lrugen->lists[]. The sliding window technique is used to track at least MIN_NR_GENS and at most MAX_NR_GENS generations. The gen counter stores a value within [1, MAX_NR_GENS] while a page is on one of lrugen->lists[]. Otherwise it stores 0. There are two conceptually independent procedures: "the aging", which produces young generations, and "the eviction", which consumes old generations. They form a closed-loop system, i.e., "the page reclaim". Both procedures can be invoked from userspace for the purposes of working set estimation and proactive reclaim. These techniques are commonly used to optimize job scheduling (bin packing) in data centers [1][2]. To avoid confusion, the terms "hot" and "cold" will be applied to the multi-gen LRU, as a new convention; the terms "active" and "inactive" will be applied to the active/inactive LRU, as usual. The protection of hot pages and the selection of cold pages are based on page access channels and patterns. There are two access channels: one through page tables and the other through file descriptors. The protection of the former channel is by design stronger because: 1. The uncertainty in determining the access patterns of the former channel is higher due to the approximation of the accessed bit. 2. The cost of evicting the former channel is higher due to the TLB flushes required and the likelihood of encountering the dirty bit. 3. The penalty of underprotecting the former channel is higher because applications usually do not prepare themselves for major page faults like they do for blocked I/O. E.g., GUI applications commonly use dedicated I/O threads to avoid blocking rendering threads. There are also two access patterns: one with temporal locality and the other without. For the reasons listed above, the former channel is assumed to follow the former pattern unless VM_SEQ_READ or VM_RAND_READ is present; the latter channel is assumed to follow the latter pattern unless outlying refaults have been observed [3][4]. The next patch will address the "outlying refaults". Three macros, i.e., LRU_REFS_WIDTH, LRU_REFS_PGOFF and LRU_REFS_MASK, used later are added in this patch to make the entire patchset less diffy. A page is added to the youngest generation on faulting. The aging needs to check the accessed bit at least twice before handing this page over to the eviction. The first check takes care of the accessed bit set on the initial fault; the second check makes sure this page has not been used since then. This protocol, AKA second chance, requires a minimum of two generations, hence MIN_NR_GENS. [1] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3297858.3304053 [2] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3503222.3507731 [3] https://lwn.net/Articles/495543/ [4] https://lwn.net/Articles/815342/ Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- fs/fuse/dev.c | 3 +- include/linux/mm_inline.h | 175 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ include/linux/mmzone.h | 102 +++++++++++++++++ include/linux/page-flags-layout.h | 13 ++- include/linux/page-flags.h | 4 +- include/linux/sched.h | 4 + kernel/bounds.c | 5 + mm/Kconfig | 8 ++ mm/huge_memory.c | 3 +- mm/memcontrol.c | 2 + mm/memory.c | 25 +++++ mm/mm_init.c | 6 +- mm/mmzone.c | 2 + mm/swap.c | 11 +- mm/vmscan.c | 75 +++++++++++++ 15 files changed, 424 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/fs/fuse/dev.c b/fs/fuse/dev.c index 51897427a534..b4a6e0a1b945 100644 --- a/fs/fuse/dev.c +++ b/fs/fuse/dev.c @@ -776,7 +776,8 @@ static int fuse_check_page(struct page *page) 1 << PG_active | 1 << PG_workingset | 1 << PG_reclaim | - 1 << PG_waiters))) { + 1 << PG_waiters | + LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK))) { dump_page(page, "fuse: trying to steal weird page"); return 1; } diff --git a/include/linux/mm_inline.h b/include/linux/mm_inline.h index fb8aadb81cd6..2ff703900fd0 100644 --- a/include/linux/mm_inline.h +++ b/include/linux/mm_inline.h @@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ static __always_inline void __update_lru_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, { struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec); + lockdep_assert_held(&lruvec->lru_lock); + WARN_ON_ONCE(nr_pages != (int)nr_pages); + __mod_lruvec_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + lru, nr_pages); __mod_zone_page_state(&pgdat->node_zones[zid], NR_ZONE_LRU_BASE + lru, nr_pages); @@ -101,11 +104,177 @@ static __always_inline enum lru_list folio_lru_list(struct folio *folio) return lru; } +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + +static inline bool lru_gen_enabled(void) +{ + return true; +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_in_fault(void) +{ + return current->in_lru_fault; +} + +static inline int lru_gen_from_seq(unsigned long seq) +{ + return seq % MAX_NR_GENS; +} + +static inline int folio_lru_gen(struct folio *folio) +{ + unsigned long flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags); + + return ((flags & LRU_GEN_MASK) >> LRU_GEN_PGOFF) - 1; +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_is_active(struct lruvec *lruvec, int gen) +{ + unsigned long max_seq = lruvec->lrugen.max_seq; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(gen >= MAX_NR_GENS); + + /* see the comment on MIN_NR_GENS */ + return gen == lru_gen_from_seq(max_seq) || gen == lru_gen_from_seq(max_seq - 1); +} + +static inline void lru_gen_update_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, + int old_gen, int new_gen) +{ + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + int zone = folio_zonenum(folio); + int delta = folio_nr_pages(folio); + enum lru_list lru = type * LRU_INACTIVE_FILE; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(old_gen != -1 && old_gen >= MAX_NR_GENS); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(new_gen != -1 && new_gen >= MAX_NR_GENS); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(old_gen == -1 && new_gen == -1); + + if (old_gen >= 0) + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->nr_pages[old_gen][type][zone], + lrugen->nr_pages[old_gen][type][zone] - delta); + if (new_gen >= 0) + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->nr_pages[new_gen][type][zone], + lrugen->nr_pages[new_gen][type][zone] + delta); + + /* addition */ + if (old_gen < 0) { + if (lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, new_gen)) + lru += LRU_ACTIVE; + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zone, delta); + return; + } + + /* deletion */ + if (new_gen < 0) { + if (lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, old_gen)) + lru += LRU_ACTIVE; + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zone, -delta); + return; + } +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_add_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) +{ + unsigned long seq; + unsigned long flags; + int gen = folio_lru_gen(folio); + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + int zone = folio_zonenum(folio); + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(gen != -1, folio); + + if (folio_test_unevictable(folio)) + return false; + /* + * There are three common cases for this page: + * 1. If it's hot, e.g., freshly faulted in or previously hot and + * migrated, add it to the youngest generation. + * 2. If it's cold but can't be evicted immediately, i.e., an anon page + * not in swapcache or a dirty page pending writeback, add it to the + * second oldest generation. + * 3. Everything else (clean, cold) is added to the oldest generation. + */ + if (folio_test_active(folio)) + seq = lrugen->max_seq; + else if ((type == LRU_GEN_ANON && !folio_test_swapcache(folio)) || + (folio_test_reclaim(folio) && + (folio_test_dirty(folio) || folio_test_writeback(folio)))) + seq = lrugen->min_seq[type] + 1; + else + seq = lrugen->min_seq[type]; + + gen = lru_gen_from_seq(seq); + flags = (gen + 1UL) << LRU_GEN_PGOFF; + /* see the comment on MIN_NR_GENS about PG_active */ + set_mask_bits(&folio->flags, LRU_GEN_MASK | BIT(PG_active), flags); + + lru_gen_update_size(lruvec, folio, -1, gen); + /* for folio_rotate_reclaimable() */ + if (reclaiming) + list_add_tail(&folio->lru, &lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); + else + list_add(&folio->lru, &lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); + + return true; +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_del_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) +{ + unsigned long flags; + int gen = folio_lru_gen(folio); + + if (gen < 0) + return false; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio); + + /* for folio_migrate_flags() */ + flags = !reclaiming && lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, gen) ? BIT(PG_active) : 0; + flags = set_mask_bits(&folio->flags, LRU_GEN_MASK, flags); + gen = ((flags & LRU_GEN_MASK) >> LRU_GEN_PGOFF) - 1; + + lru_gen_update_size(lruvec, folio, gen, -1); + list_del(&folio->lru); + + return true; +} + +#else /* !CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + +static inline bool lru_gen_enabled(void) +{ + return false; +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_in_fault(void) +{ + return false; +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_add_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) +{ + return false; +} + +static inline bool lru_gen_del_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) +{ + return false; +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + static __always_inline void lruvec_add_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio) { enum lru_list lru = folio_lru_list(folio); + if (lru_gen_add_folio(lruvec, folio, false)) + return; + update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, folio_zonenum(folio), folio_nr_pages(folio)); if (lru != LRU_UNEVICTABLE) @@ -123,6 +292,9 @@ void lruvec_add_folio_tail(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio) { enum lru_list lru = folio_lru_list(folio); + if (lru_gen_add_folio(lruvec, folio, true)) + return; + update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, folio_zonenum(folio), folio_nr_pages(folio)); /* This is not expected to be used on LRU_UNEVICTABLE */ @@ -140,6 +312,9 @@ void lruvec_del_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio) { enum lru_list lru = folio_lru_list(folio); + if (lru_gen_del_folio(lruvec, folio, false)) + return; + if (lru != LRU_UNEVICTABLE) list_del(&folio->lru); update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, folio_zonenum(folio), diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 025754b0bc09..86147f04bf76 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -317,6 +317,102 @@ enum lruvec_flags { */ }; +#endif /* !__GENERATING_BOUNDS_H */ + +/* + * Evictable pages are divided into multiple generations. The youngest and the + * oldest generation numbers, max_seq and min_seq, are monotonically increasing. + * They form a sliding window of a variable size [MIN_NR_GENS, MAX_NR_GENS]. An + * offset within MAX_NR_GENS, i.e., gen, indexes the LRU list of the + * corresponding generation. The gen counter in folio->flags stores gen+1 while + * a page is on one of lrugen->lists[]. Otherwise it stores 0. + * + * A page is added to the youngest generation on faulting. The aging needs to + * check the accessed bit at least twice before handing this page over to the + * eviction. The first check takes care of the accessed bit set on the initial + * fault; the second check makes sure this page hasn't been used since then. + * This process, AKA second chance, requires a minimum of two generations, + * hence MIN_NR_GENS. And to maintain ABI compatibility with the active/inactive + * LRU, e.g., /proc/vmstat, these two generations are considered active; the + * rest of generations, if they exist, are considered inactive. See + * lru_gen_is_active(). + * + * PG_active is always cleared while a page is on one of lrugen->lists[] so that + * the aging needs not to worry about it. And it's set again when a page + * considered active is isolated for non-reclaiming purposes, e.g., migration. + * See lru_gen_add_folio() and lru_gen_del_folio(). + * + * MAX_NR_GENS is set to 4 so that the multi-gen LRU can support twice the + * number of categories of the active/inactive LRU when keeping track of + * accesses through page tables. This requires order_base_2(MAX_NR_GENS+1) bits + * in folio->flags. + */ +#define MIN_NR_GENS 2U +#define MAX_NR_GENS 4U + +#ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H + +struct lruvec; + +#define LRU_GEN_MASK ((BIT(LRU_GEN_WIDTH) - 1) << LRU_GEN_PGOFF) +#define LRU_REFS_MASK ((BIT(LRU_REFS_WIDTH) - 1) << LRU_REFS_PGOFF) + +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + +enum { + LRU_GEN_ANON, + LRU_GEN_FILE, +}; + +/* + * The youngest generation number is stored in max_seq for both anon and file + * types as they are aged on an equal footing. The oldest generation numbers are + * stored in min_seq[] separately for anon and file types as clean file pages + * can be evicted regardless of swap constraints. + * + * Normally anon and file min_seq are in sync. But if swapping is constrained, + * e.g., out of swap space, file min_seq is allowed to advance and leave anon + * min_seq behind. + * + * The number of pages in each generation is eventually consistent and therefore + * can be transiently negative. + */ +struct lru_gen_struct { + /* the aging increments the youngest generation number */ + unsigned long max_seq; + /* the eviction increments the oldest generation numbers */ + unsigned long min_seq[ANON_AND_FILE]; + /* the multi-gen LRU lists, lazily sorted on eviction */ + struct list_head lists[MAX_NR_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_ZONES]; + /* the multi-gen LRU sizes, eventually consistent */ + long nr_pages[MAX_NR_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_ZONES]; +}; + +void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec); + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG +void lru_gen_init_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg); +void lru_gen_exit_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg); +#endif + +#else /* !CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + +static inline void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec) +{ +} + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG +static inline void lru_gen_init_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ +} + +static inline void lru_gen_exit_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ +} +#endif + +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + struct lruvec { struct list_head lists[NR_LRU_LISTS]; /* per lruvec lru_lock for memcg */ @@ -334,6 +430,10 @@ struct lruvec { unsigned long refaults[ANON_AND_FILE]; /* Various lruvec state flags (enum lruvec_flags) */ unsigned long flags; +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + /* evictable pages divided into generations */ + struct lru_gen_struct lrugen; +#endif #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG struct pglist_data *pgdat; #endif @@ -749,6 +849,8 @@ static inline bool zone_is_empty(struct zone *zone) #define ZONES_PGOFF (NODES_PGOFF - ZONES_WIDTH) #define LAST_CPUPID_PGOFF (ZONES_PGOFF - LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH) #define KASAN_TAG_PGOFF (LAST_CPUPID_PGOFF - KASAN_TAG_WIDTH) +#define LRU_GEN_PGOFF (KASAN_TAG_PGOFF - LRU_GEN_WIDTH) +#define LRU_REFS_PGOFF (LRU_GEN_PGOFF - LRU_REFS_WIDTH) /* * Define the bit shifts to access each section. For non-existent diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h b/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h index ef1e3e736e14..240905407a18 100644 --- a/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h +++ b/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h @@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ #define SECTIONS_WIDTH 0 #endif -#if ZONES_WIDTH + SECTIONS_WIDTH + NODES_SHIFT <= BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS +#if ZONES_WIDTH + LRU_GEN_WIDTH + SECTIONS_WIDTH + NODES_SHIFT \ + <= BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS #define NODES_WIDTH NODES_SHIFT #elif defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP) #error "Vmemmap: No space for nodes field in page flags" @@ -89,8 +90,8 @@ #define LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT 0 #endif -#if ZONES_WIDTH + SECTIONS_WIDTH + NODES_WIDTH + KASAN_TAG_WIDTH + LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT \ - <= BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS +#if ZONES_WIDTH + LRU_GEN_WIDTH + SECTIONS_WIDTH + NODES_WIDTH + \ + KASAN_TAG_WIDTH + LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT <= BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS #define LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT #else #define LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH 0 @@ -100,10 +101,12 @@ #define LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS #endif -#if ZONES_WIDTH + SECTIONS_WIDTH + NODES_WIDTH + KASAN_TAG_WIDTH + LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH \ - > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS +#if ZONES_WIDTH + LRU_GEN_WIDTH + SECTIONS_WIDTH + NODES_WIDTH + \ + KASAN_TAG_WIDTH + LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS #error "Not enough bits in page flags" #endif +#define LRU_REFS_WIDTH 0 + #endif #endif /* _LINUX_PAGE_FLAGS_LAYOUT */ diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h index 465ff35a8c00..0b0ae5084e60 100644 --- a/include/linux/page-flags.h +++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ static __always_inline void __ClearPageAnonExclusive(struct page *page) 1UL << PG_private | 1UL << PG_private_2 | \ 1UL << PG_writeback | 1UL << PG_reserved | \ 1UL << PG_slab | 1UL << PG_active | \ - 1UL << PG_unevictable | __PG_MLOCKED) + 1UL << PG_unevictable | __PG_MLOCKED | LRU_GEN_MASK) /* * Flags checked when a page is prepped for return by the page allocator. @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ static __always_inline void __ClearPageAnonExclusive(struct page *page) * alloc-free cycle to prevent from reusing the page. */ #define PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP \ - (PAGEFLAGS_MASK & ~__PG_HWPOISON) + ((PAGEFLAGS_MASK & ~__PG_HWPOISON) | LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK) #define PAGE_FLAGS_PRIVATE \ (1UL << PG_private | 1UL << PG_private_2) diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index e7b2f8a5c711..8cc46a789193 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -914,6 +914,10 @@ struct task_struct { #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG unsigned in_user_fault:1; #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + /* whether the LRU algorithm may apply to this access */ + unsigned in_lru_fault:1; +#endif #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK unsigned brk_randomized:1; #endif diff --git a/kernel/bounds.c b/kernel/bounds.c index 9795d75b09b2..5ee60777d8e4 100644 --- a/kernel/bounds.c +++ b/kernel/bounds.c @@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ int main(void) DEFINE(NR_CPUS_BITS, ilog2(CONFIG_NR_CPUS)); #endif DEFINE(SPINLOCK_SIZE, sizeof(spinlock_t)); +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + DEFINE(LRU_GEN_WIDTH, order_base_2(MAX_NR_GENS + 1)); +#else + DEFINE(LRU_GEN_WIDTH, 0); +#endif /* End of constants */ return 0; diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig index 0331f1461f81..d95f07cd6dcf 100644 --- a/mm/Kconfig +++ b/mm/Kconfig @@ -1124,6 +1124,14 @@ config PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP purposes. It is required to enable userfaultfd write protection on file-backed memory types like shmem and hugetlbfs. +config LRU_GEN + bool "Multi-Gen LRU" + depends on MMU + # make sure folio->flags has enough spare bits + depends on 64BIT || !SPARSEMEM || SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP + help + A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. + source "mm/damon/Kconfig" endmenu diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c index 9afc4c3b4d49..83c47a989260 100644 --- a/mm/huge_memory.c +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c @@ -2443,7 +2443,8 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail, #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT (1L << PG_arch_2) | #endif - (1L << PG_dirty))); + (1L << PG_dirty) | + LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK)); /* ->mapping in first tail page is compound_mapcount */ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(tail > 2 && page_tail->mapping != TAIL_MAPPING, diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c index b69979c9ced5..5fd38d12149c 100644 --- a/mm/memcontrol.c +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c @@ -5170,6 +5170,7 @@ static void __mem_cgroup_free(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) static void mem_cgroup_free(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) { + lru_gen_exit_memcg(memcg); memcg_wb_domain_exit(memcg); __mem_cgroup_free(memcg); } @@ -5228,6 +5229,7 @@ static struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_alloc(void) memcg->deferred_split_queue.split_queue_len = 0; #endif idr_replace(&mem_cgroup_idr, memcg, memcg->id.id); + lru_gen_init_memcg(memcg); return memcg; fail: mem_cgroup_id_remove(memcg); diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c index 46071cf00b47..f9abc10ea7e2 100644 --- a/mm/memory.c +++ b/mm/memory.c @@ -5111,6 +5111,27 @@ static inline void mm_account_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN, 1, regs, address); } +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN +static void lru_gen_enter_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma) +{ + /* the LRU algorithm doesn't apply to sequential or random reads */ + current->in_lru_fault = !(vma->vm_flags & (VM_SEQ_READ | VM_RAND_READ)); +} + +static void lru_gen_exit_fault(void) +{ + current->in_lru_fault = false; +} +#else +static void lru_gen_enter_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma) +{ +} + +static void lru_gen_exit_fault(void) +{ +} +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + /* * By the time we get here, we already hold the mm semaphore * @@ -5142,11 +5163,15 @@ vm_fault_t handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER) mem_cgroup_enter_user_fault(); + lru_gen_enter_fault(vma); + if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))) ret = hugetlb_fault(vma->vm_mm, vma, address, flags); else ret = __handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags); + lru_gen_exit_fault(); + if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER) { mem_cgroup_exit_user_fault(); /* diff --git a/mm/mm_init.c b/mm/mm_init.c index 9ddaf0e1b0ab..0d7b2bd2454a 100644 --- a/mm/mm_init.c +++ b/mm/mm_init.c @@ -65,14 +65,16 @@ void __init mminit_verify_pageflags_layout(void) shift = 8 * sizeof(unsigned long); width = shift - SECTIONS_WIDTH - NODES_WIDTH - ZONES_WIDTH - - LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT - KASAN_TAG_WIDTH; + - LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT - KASAN_TAG_WIDTH - LRU_GEN_WIDTH - LRU_REFS_WIDTH; mminit_dprintk(MMINIT_TRACE, "pageflags_layout_widths", - "Section %d Node %d Zone %d Lastcpupid %d Kasantag %d Flags %d\n", + "Section %d Node %d Zone %d Lastcpupid %d Kasantag %d Gen %d Tier %d Flags %d\n", SECTIONS_WIDTH, NODES_WIDTH, ZONES_WIDTH, LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH, KASAN_TAG_WIDTH, + LRU_GEN_WIDTH, + LRU_REFS_WIDTH, NR_PAGEFLAGS); mminit_dprintk(MMINIT_TRACE, "pageflags_layout_shifts", "Section %d Node %d Zone %d Lastcpupid %d Kasantag %d\n", diff --git a/mm/mmzone.c b/mm/mmzone.c index 0ae7571e35ab..68e1511be12d 100644 --- a/mm/mmzone.c +++ b/mm/mmzone.c @@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ void lruvec_init(struct lruvec *lruvec) * Poison its list head, so that any operations on it would crash. */ list_del(&lruvec->lists[LRU_UNEVICTABLE]); + + lru_gen_init_lruvec(lruvec); } #if defined(CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING) && !defined(LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS) diff --git a/mm/swap.c b/mm/swap.c index 9cee7f6a3809..0e423b7d458b 100644 --- a/mm/swap.c +++ b/mm/swap.c @@ -484,6 +484,11 @@ void folio_add_lru(struct folio *folio) folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio); VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio); + /* see the comment in lru_gen_add_folio() */ + if (lru_gen_enabled() && !folio_test_unevictable(folio) && + lru_gen_in_fault() && !(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)) + folio_set_active(folio); + folio_get(folio); local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock); fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_add); @@ -575,7 +580,7 @@ static void lru_deactivate_file_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio) static void lru_deactivate_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio) { - if (folio_test_active(folio) && !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) { + if (!folio_test_unevictable(folio) && (folio_test_active(folio) || lru_gen_enabled())) { long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio); lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio); @@ -688,8 +693,8 @@ void deactivate_page(struct page *page) { struct folio *folio = page_folio(page); - if (folio_test_lru(folio) && folio_test_active(folio) && - !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) { + if (folio_test_lru(folio) && !folio_test_unevictable(folio) && + (folio_test_active(folio) || lru_gen_enabled())) { struct folio_batch *fbatch; folio_get(folio); diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index e12715202ca7..ed9e149b13c3 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -3050,6 +3050,81 @@ static bool can_age_anon_pages(struct pglist_data *pgdat, return can_demote(pgdat->node_id, sc); } +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + +/****************************************************************************** + * shorthand helpers + ******************************************************************************/ + +#define for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) \ + for ((gen) = 0; (gen) < MAX_NR_GENS; (gen)++) \ + for ((type) = 0; (type) < ANON_AND_FILE; (type)++) \ + for ((zone) = 0; (zone) < MAX_NR_ZONES; (zone)++) + +static struct lruvec __maybe_unused *get_lruvec(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int nid) +{ + struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid); + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + if (memcg) { + struct lruvec *lruvec = &memcg->nodeinfo[nid]->lruvec; + + /* for hotadd_new_pgdat() */ + if (!lruvec->pgdat) + lruvec->pgdat = pgdat; + + return lruvec; + } +#endif + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!mem_cgroup_disabled()); + + return pgdat ? &pgdat->__lruvec : NULL; +} + +/****************************************************************************** + * initialization + ******************************************************************************/ + +void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec) +{ + int gen, type, zone; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + lrugen->max_seq = MIN_NR_GENS + 1; + + for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); +} + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG +void lru_gen_init_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ +} + +void lru_gen_exit_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ + int nid; + + for_each_node(nid) { + struct lruvec *lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(memchr_inv(lruvec->lrugen.nr_pages, 0, + sizeof(lruvec->lrugen.nr_pages))); + } +} +#endif + +static int __init init_lru_gen(void) +{ + BUILD_BUG_ON(MIN_NR_GENS + 1 >= MAX_NR_GENS); + BUILD_BUG_ON(BIT(LRU_GEN_WIDTH) <= MAX_NR_GENS); + + return 0; +}; +late_initcall(init_lru_gen); + +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + static void shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) { unsigned long nr[NR_LRU_LISTS]; From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:25 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943193 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8694C282E7 for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:25 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id EFE7F6B007D; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:22 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:25 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-7-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 06/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: minimal implementation From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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bh=OG21aV95NWHOo7NMaXGtZDeDVd1PZFs7RFAu3qrJU9s=; b=Rg74IICcBhROVxyh4tzrN6eLEcwdVOIRMdvP8NiSNGd9pfy/M0Ch0zPOfwJF4+o8FEqbTc jN5K0xKxqJRxnk4WlHDN41+u1UGF734SCe+7UXwnUYlNgHqIREv6lU2qB56vK1S2S10wgr Ca1jHb2LqZUslVRpd78pDZuUN2SZBBw= X-Rspamd-Server: rspam05 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 0C0CDA0077 Authentication-Results: imf15.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b="WHe/o94b"; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com; spf=pass (imf15.hostedemail.com: domain of 3TvL5YgYKCDktpucVjbjjbgZ.Xjhgdips-hhfqVXf.jmb@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.128.201 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3TvL5YgYKCDktpucVjbjjbgZ.Xjhgdips-hhfqVXf.jmb@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: 9csyaopm5bj9yqwcakixyccfesnoac3y X-HE-Tag: 1660547662-453456 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: To avoid confusion, the terms "promotion" and "demotion" will be applied to the multi-gen LRU, as a new convention; the terms "activation" and "deactivation" will be applied to the active/inactive LRU, as usual. The aging produces young generations. Given an lruvec, it increments max_seq when max_seq-min_seq+1 approaches MIN_NR_GENS. The aging promotes hot pages to the youngest generation when it finds them accessed through page tables; the demotion of cold pages happens consequently when it increments max_seq. Promotion in the aging path does not involve any LRU list operations, only the updates of the gen counter and lrugen->nr_pages[]; demotion, unless as the result of the increment of max_seq, requires LRU list operations, e.g., lru_deactivate_fn(). The aging has the complexity O(nr_hot_pages), since it is only interested in hot pages. The eviction consumes old generations. Given an lruvec, it increments min_seq when lrugen->lists[] indexed by min_seq%MAX_NR_GENS becomes empty. A feedback loop modeled after the PID controller monitors refaults over anon and file types and decides which type to evict when both types are available from the same generation. The protection of pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors takes place in the eviction path. Each generation is divided into multiple tiers. A page accessed N times through file descriptors is in tier order_base_2(N). Tiers do not have dedicated lrugen->lists[], only bits in folio->flags. The aforementioned feedback loop also monitors refaults over all tiers and decides when to protect pages in which tiers (N>1), using the first tier (N=0,1) as a baseline. The first tier contains single-use unmapped clean pages, which are most likely the best choices. In contrast to promotion in the aging path, the protection of a page in the eviction path is achieved by moving this page to the next generation, i.e., min_seq+1, if the feedback loop decides so. This approach has the following advantages: 1. It removes the cost of activation in the buffered access path by inferring whether pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors are statistically hot and thus worth protecting in the eviction path. 2. It takes pages accessed through page tables into account and avoids overprotecting pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors. (Pages accessed through page tables are in the first tier, since N=0.) 3. More tiers provide better protection for pages accessed more than twice through file descriptors, when under heavy buffered I/O workloads. Server benchmark results: Single workload: fio (buffered I/O): +[30, 32]% IOPS BW 5.19-rc1: 2673k 10.2GiB/s patch1-6: 3491k 13.3GiB/s Single workload: memcached (anon): -[4, 6]% Ops/sec KB/sec 5.19-rc1: 1161501.04 45177.25 patch1-6: 1106168.46 43025.04 Configurations: CPU: two Xeon 6154 Mem: total 256G Node 1 was only used as a ram disk to reduce the variance in the results. patch drivers/block/brd.c < gfp_flags = GFP_NOIO | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_THISNODE; > page = alloc_pages_node(1, gfp_flags, 0); EOF cat >>/etc/systemd/system.conf <>/etc/memcached.conf </sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/test/memory.max echo $$ >/sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/test/cgroup.procs fio -name=mglru --numjobs=72 --directory=/mnt --size=1408m \ --buffered=1 --ioengine=io_uring --iodepth=128 \ --iodepth_batch_submit=32 --iodepth_batch_complete=32 \ --rw=randread --random_distribution=random --norandommap \ --time_based --ramp_time=10m --runtime=5m --group_reporting cat memcached.sh modprobe brd rd_nr=1 rd_size=113246208 swapoff -a mkswap /dev/ram0 swapon /dev/ram0 memtier_benchmark -S /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock \ -P memcache_binary -n allkeys --key-minimum=1 \ --key-maximum=65000000 --key-pattern=P:P -c 1 -t 36 \ --ratio 1:0 --pipeline 8 -d 2000 memtier_benchmark -S /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock \ -P memcache_binary -n allkeys --key-minimum=1 \ --key-maximum=65000000 --key-pattern=R:R -c 1 -t 36 \ --ratio 0:1 --pipeline 8 --randomize --distinct-client-seed Client benchmark results: kswapd profiles: 5.19-rc1 40.33% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead) 21.80% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work) 7.53% do_raw_spin_lock 3.95% _raw_spin_unlock_irq 2.52% vma_interval_tree_iter_next 2.37% folio_referenced_one 2.28% vma_interval_tree_subtree_search 1.97% anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first 1.60% ptep_clear_flush 1.06% __zram_bvec_write patch1-6 39.03% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work) 18.47% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead) 6.74% _raw_spin_unlock_irq 3.97% do_raw_spin_lock 2.49% ptep_clear_flush 2.48% anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first 1.92% folio_referenced_one 1.88% __zram_bvec_write 1.48% memmove 1.31% vma_interval_tree_iter_next Configurations: CPU: single Snapdragon 7c Mem: total 4G Chrome OS MemoryPressure [1] [1] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/tast-tests/ Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- include/linux/mm_inline.h | 36 ++ include/linux/mmzone.h | 41 ++ include/linux/page-flags-layout.h | 5 +- kernel/bounds.c | 2 + mm/Kconfig | 11 + mm/swap.c | 39 ++ mm/vmscan.c | 815 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- mm/workingset.c | 110 +++- 8 files changed, 1049 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/mm_inline.h b/include/linux/mm_inline.h index 2ff703900fd0..f2b2296a42f9 100644 --- a/include/linux/mm_inline.h +++ b/include/linux/mm_inline.h @@ -121,6 +121,33 @@ static inline int lru_gen_from_seq(unsigned long seq) return seq % MAX_NR_GENS; } +static inline int lru_hist_from_seq(unsigned long seq) +{ + return seq % NR_HIST_GENS; +} + +static inline int lru_tier_from_refs(int refs) +{ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(refs > BIT(LRU_REFS_WIDTH)); + + /* see the comment in folio_lru_refs() */ + return order_base_2(refs + 1); +} + +static inline int folio_lru_refs(struct folio *folio) +{ + unsigned long flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags); + bool workingset = flags & BIT(PG_workingset); + + /* + * Return the number of accesses beyond PG_referenced, i.e., N-1 if the + * total number of accesses is N>1, since N=0,1 both map to the first + * tier. lru_tier_from_refs() will account for this off-by-one. Also see + * the comment on MAX_NR_TIERS. + */ + return ((flags & LRU_REFS_MASK) >> LRU_REFS_PGOFF) + workingset; +} + static inline int folio_lru_gen(struct folio *folio) { unsigned long flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags); @@ -173,6 +200,15 @@ static inline void lru_gen_update_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *foli __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zone, -delta); return; } + + /* promotion */ + if (!lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, old_gen) && lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, new_gen)) { + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zone, -delta); + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru + LRU_ACTIVE, zone, delta); + } + + /* demotion requires isolation, e.g., lru_deactivate_fn() */ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, old_gen) && !lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, new_gen)); } static inline bool lru_gen_add_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 86147f04bf76..019d7c8ee834 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -350,6 +350,28 @@ enum lruvec_flags { #define MIN_NR_GENS 2U #define MAX_NR_GENS 4U +/* + * Each generation is divided into multiple tiers. A page accessed N times + * through file descriptors is in tier order_base_2(N). A page in the first tier + * (N=0,1) is marked by PG_referenced unless it was faulted in through page + * tables or read ahead. A page in any other tier (N>1) is marked by + * PG_referenced and PG_workingset. This implies a minimum of two tiers is + * supported without using additional bits in folio->flags. + * + * In contrast to moving across generations which requires the LRU lock, moving + * across tiers only involves atomic operations on folio->flags and therefore + * has a negligible cost in the buffered access path. In the eviction path, + * comparisons of refaulted/(evicted+protected) from the first tier and the + * rest infer whether pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors + * are statistically hot and thus worth protecting. + * + * MAX_NR_TIERS is set to 4 so that the multi-gen LRU can support twice the + * number of categories of the active/inactive LRU when keeping track of + * accesses through file descriptors. This uses MAX_NR_TIERS-2 spare bits in + * folio->flags. + */ +#define MAX_NR_TIERS 4U + #ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H struct lruvec; @@ -364,6 +386,16 @@ enum { LRU_GEN_FILE, }; +#define MIN_LRU_BATCH BITS_PER_LONG +#define MAX_LRU_BATCH (MIN_LRU_BATCH * 128) + +/* whether to keep historical stats from evicted generations */ +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN_STATS +#define NR_HIST_GENS MAX_NR_GENS +#else +#define NR_HIST_GENS 1U +#endif + /* * The youngest generation number is stored in max_seq for both anon and file * types as they are aged on an equal footing. The oldest generation numbers are @@ -386,6 +418,15 @@ struct lru_gen_struct { struct list_head lists[MAX_NR_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_ZONES]; /* the multi-gen LRU sizes, eventually consistent */ long nr_pages[MAX_NR_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_ZONES]; + /* the exponential moving average of refaulted */ + unsigned long avg_refaulted[ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; + /* the exponential moving average of evicted+protected */ + unsigned long avg_total[ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; + /* the first tier doesn't need protection, hence the minus one */ + unsigned long protected[NR_HIST_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS - 1]; + /* can be modified without holding the LRU lock */ + atomic_long_t evicted[NR_HIST_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; + atomic_long_t refaulted[NR_HIST_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; }; void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec); diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h b/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h index 240905407a18..7d79818dc065 100644 --- a/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h +++ b/include/linux/page-flags-layout.h @@ -106,7 +106,10 @@ #error "Not enough bits in page flags" #endif -#define LRU_REFS_WIDTH 0 +/* see the comment on MAX_NR_TIERS */ +#define LRU_REFS_WIDTH min(__LRU_REFS_WIDTH, BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS - \ + ZONES_WIDTH - LRU_GEN_WIDTH - SECTIONS_WIDTH - \ + NODES_WIDTH - KASAN_TAG_WIDTH - LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH) #endif #endif /* _LINUX_PAGE_FLAGS_LAYOUT */ diff --git a/kernel/bounds.c b/kernel/bounds.c index 5ee60777d8e4..b529182e8b04 100644 --- a/kernel/bounds.c +++ b/kernel/bounds.c @@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ int main(void) DEFINE(SPINLOCK_SIZE, sizeof(spinlock_t)); #ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN DEFINE(LRU_GEN_WIDTH, order_base_2(MAX_NR_GENS + 1)); + DEFINE(__LRU_REFS_WIDTH, MAX_NR_TIERS - 2); #else DEFINE(LRU_GEN_WIDTH, 0); + DEFINE(__LRU_REFS_WIDTH, 0); #endif /* End of constants */ diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig index d95f07cd6dcf..5101dca8f21c 100644 --- a/mm/Kconfig +++ b/mm/Kconfig @@ -1124,6 +1124,7 @@ config PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP purposes. It is required to enable userfaultfd write protection on file-backed memory types like shmem and hugetlbfs. +# multi-gen LRU { config LRU_GEN bool "Multi-Gen LRU" depends on MMU @@ -1132,6 +1133,16 @@ config LRU_GEN help A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. +config LRU_GEN_STATS + bool "Full stats for debugging" + depends on LRU_GEN + help + Do not enable this option unless you plan to look at historical stats + from evicted generations for debugging purpose. + + This option has a per-memcg and per-node memory overhead. +# } + source "mm/damon/Kconfig" endmenu diff --git a/mm/swap.c b/mm/swap.c index 0e423b7d458b..f74fd51fa9e1 100644 --- a/mm/swap.c +++ b/mm/swap.c @@ -428,6 +428,40 @@ static void __lru_cache_activate_folio(struct folio *folio) local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock); } +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN +static void folio_inc_refs(struct folio *folio) +{ + unsigned long new_flags, old_flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags); + + if (folio_test_unevictable(folio)) + return; + + if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) { + folio_set_referenced(folio); + return; + } + + if (!folio_test_workingset(folio)) { + folio_set_workingset(folio); + return; + } + + /* see the comment on MAX_NR_TIERS */ + do { + new_flags = old_flags & LRU_REFS_MASK; + if (new_flags == LRU_REFS_MASK) + break; + + new_flags += BIT(LRU_REFS_PGOFF); + new_flags |= old_flags & ~LRU_REFS_MASK; + } while (!try_cmpxchg(&folio->flags, &old_flags, new_flags)); +} +#else +static void folio_inc_refs(struct folio *folio) +{ +} +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + /* * Mark a page as having seen activity. * @@ -440,6 +474,11 @@ static void __lru_cache_activate_folio(struct folio *folio) */ void folio_mark_accessed(struct folio *folio) { + if (lru_gen_enabled()) { + folio_inc_refs(folio); + return; + } + if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) { folio_set_referenced(folio); } else if (folio_test_unevictable(folio)) { diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index ed9e149b13c3..4c57fb749a74 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -1334,9 +1334,11 @@ static int __remove_mapping(struct address_space *mapping, struct folio *folio, if (folio_test_swapcache(folio)) { swp_entry_t swap = folio_swap_entry(folio); - mem_cgroup_swapout(folio, swap); + + /* get a shadow entry before mem_cgroup_swapout() clears folio_memcg() */ if (reclaimed && !mapping_exiting(mapping)) shadow = workingset_eviction(folio, target_memcg); + mem_cgroup_swapout(folio, swap); __delete_from_swap_cache(folio, swap, shadow); xa_unlock_irq(&mapping->i_pages); put_swap_page(&folio->page, swap); @@ -2733,6 +2735,9 @@ static void prepare_scan_count(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) unsigned long file; struct lruvec *target_lruvec; + if (lru_gen_enabled()) + return; + target_lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(sc->target_mem_cgroup, pgdat); /* @@ -3056,6 +3061,17 @@ static bool can_age_anon_pages(struct pglist_data *pgdat, * shorthand helpers ******************************************************************************/ +#define LRU_REFS_FLAGS (BIT(PG_referenced) | BIT(PG_workingset)) + +#define DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec) \ + unsigned long max_seq = READ_ONCE((lruvec)->lrugen.max_seq) + +#define DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec) \ + unsigned long min_seq[ANON_AND_FILE] = { \ + READ_ONCE((lruvec)->lrugen.min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON]), \ + READ_ONCE((lruvec)->lrugen.min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE]), \ + } + #define for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) \ for ((gen) = 0; (gen) < MAX_NR_GENS; (gen)++) \ for ((type) = 0; (type) < ANON_AND_FILE; (type)++) \ @@ -3081,6 +3097,769 @@ static struct lruvec __maybe_unused *get_lruvec(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int ni return pgdat ? &pgdat->__lruvec : NULL; } +static int get_swappiness(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) +{ + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec); + + if (!can_demote(pgdat->node_id, sc) && + mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages(memcg) < MIN_LRU_BATCH) + return 0; + + return mem_cgroup_swappiness(memcg); +} + +static int get_nr_gens(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type) +{ + return lruvec->lrugen.max_seq - lruvec->lrugen.min_seq[type] + 1; +} + +static bool __maybe_unused seq_is_valid(struct lruvec *lruvec) +{ + /* see the comment on lru_gen_struct */ + return get_nr_gens(lruvec, LRU_GEN_FILE) >= MIN_NR_GENS && + get_nr_gens(lruvec, LRU_GEN_FILE) <= get_nr_gens(lruvec, LRU_GEN_ANON) && + get_nr_gens(lruvec, LRU_GEN_ANON) <= MAX_NR_GENS; +} + +/****************************************************************************** + * refault feedback loop + ******************************************************************************/ + +/* + * A feedback loop based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. + * + * The P term is refaulted/(evicted+protected) from a tier in the generation + * currently being evicted; the I term is the exponential moving average of the + * P term over the generations previously evicted, using the smoothing factor + * 1/2; the D term isn't supported. + * + * The setpoint (SP) is always the first tier of one type; the process variable + * (PV) is either any tier of the other type or any other tier of the same + * type. + * + * The error is the difference between the SP and the PV; the correction is to + * turn off protection when SP>PV or turn on protection when SPlrugen; + int hist = lru_hist_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + + pos->refaulted = lrugen->avg_refaulted[type][tier] + + atomic_long_read(&lrugen->refaulted[hist][type][tier]); + pos->total = lrugen->avg_total[type][tier] + + atomic_long_read(&lrugen->evicted[hist][type][tier]); + if (tier) + pos->total += lrugen->protected[hist][type][tier - 1]; + pos->gain = gain; +} + +static void reset_ctrl_pos(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type, bool carryover) +{ + int hist, tier; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + bool clear = carryover ? NR_HIST_GENS == 1 : NR_HIST_GENS > 1; + unsigned long seq = carryover ? lrugen->min_seq[type] : lrugen->max_seq + 1; + + lockdep_assert_held(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + if (!carryover && !clear) + return; + + hist = lru_hist_from_seq(seq); + + for (tier = 0; tier < MAX_NR_TIERS; tier++) { + if (carryover) { + unsigned long sum; + + sum = lrugen->avg_refaulted[type][tier] + + atomic_long_read(&lrugen->refaulted[hist][type][tier]); + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->avg_refaulted[type][tier], sum / 2); + + sum = lrugen->avg_total[type][tier] + + atomic_long_read(&lrugen->evicted[hist][type][tier]); + if (tier) + sum += lrugen->protected[hist][type][tier - 1]; + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->avg_total[type][tier], sum / 2); + } + + if (clear) { + atomic_long_set(&lrugen->refaulted[hist][type][tier], 0); + atomic_long_set(&lrugen->evicted[hist][type][tier], 0); + if (tier) + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->protected[hist][type][tier - 1], 0); + } + } +} + +static bool positive_ctrl_err(struct ctrl_pos *sp, struct ctrl_pos *pv) +{ + /* + * Return true if the PV has a limited number of refaults or a lower + * refaulted/total than the SP. + */ + return pv->refaulted < MIN_LRU_BATCH || + pv->refaulted * (sp->total + MIN_LRU_BATCH) * sp->gain <= + (sp->refaulted + 1) * pv->total * pv->gain; +} + +/****************************************************************************** + * the aging + ******************************************************************************/ + +/* protect pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors */ +static int folio_inc_gen(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) +{ + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + int new_gen, old_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + unsigned long new_flags, old_flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!(old_flags & LRU_GEN_MASK), folio); + + do { + new_gen = (old_gen + 1) % MAX_NR_GENS; + + new_flags = old_flags & ~(LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK | LRU_REFS_FLAGS); + new_flags |= (new_gen + 1UL) << LRU_GEN_PGOFF; + /* for folio_end_writeback() */ + if (reclaiming) + new_flags |= BIT(PG_reclaim); + } while (!try_cmpxchg(&folio->flags, &old_flags, new_flags)); + + lru_gen_update_size(lruvec, folio, old_gen, new_gen); + + return new_gen; +} + +static void inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type) +{ + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + reset_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, true); + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->min_seq[type], lrugen->min_seq[type] + 1); +} + +static bool try_to_inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) +{ + int gen, type, zone; + bool success = false; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!seq_is_valid(lruvec)); + + /* find the oldest populated generation */ + for (type = !can_swap; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + while (min_seq[type] + MIN_NR_GENS <= lrugen->max_seq) { + gen = lru_gen_from_seq(min_seq[type]); + + for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) { + if (!list_empty(&lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone])) + goto next; + } + + min_seq[type]++; + } +next: + ; + } + + /* see the comment on lru_gen_struct */ + if (can_swap) { + min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON] = min(min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON], min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE]); + min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE] = max(min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON], lrugen->min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE]); + } + + for (type = !can_swap; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + if (min_seq[type] == lrugen->min_seq[type]) + continue; + + reset_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, true); + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->min_seq[type], min_seq[type]); + success = true; + } + + return success; +} + +static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, bool can_swap) +{ + int prev, next; + int type, zone; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!seq_is_valid(lruvec)); + + if (max_seq != lrugen->max_seq) + goto unlock; + + for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + if (get_nr_gens(lruvec, type) != MAX_NR_GENS) + continue; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(type == LRU_GEN_FILE || can_swap); + + inc_min_seq(lruvec, type); + } + + /* + * Update the active/inactive LRU sizes for compatibility. Both sides of + * the current max_seq need to be covered, since max_seq+1 can overlap + * with min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON] if swapping is constrained. And if they do + * overlap, cold/hot inversion happens. + */ + prev = lru_gen_from_seq(lrugen->max_seq - 1); + next = lru_gen_from_seq(lrugen->max_seq + 1); + + for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) { + enum lru_list lru = type * LRU_INACTIVE_FILE; + long delta = lrugen->nr_pages[prev][type][zone] - + lrugen->nr_pages[next][type][zone]; + + if (!delta) + continue; + + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zone, delta); + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru + LRU_ACTIVE, zone, -delta); + } + } + + for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) + reset_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, false); + + /* make sure preceding modifications appear */ + smp_store_release(&lrugen->max_seq, lrugen->max_seq + 1); +unlock: + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); +} + +static unsigned long get_nr_evictable(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, + unsigned long *min_seq, bool can_swap, bool *need_aging) +{ + int gen, type, zone; + unsigned long old = 0; + unsigned long young = 0; + unsigned long total = 0; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + for (type = !can_swap; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + unsigned long seq; + + for (seq = min_seq[type]; seq <= max_seq; seq++) { + unsigned long size = 0; + + gen = lru_gen_from_seq(seq); + + for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) + size += max(READ_ONCE(lrugen->nr_pages[gen][type][zone]), 0L); + + total += size; + if (seq == max_seq) + young += size; + if (seq + MIN_NR_GENS == max_seq) + old += size; + } + } + + /* + * The aging tries to be lazy to reduce the overhead. On the other hand, + * the eviction stalls when the number of generations reaches + * MIN_NR_GENS. So ideally, there should be MIN_NR_GENS+1 generations, + * hence the first two if's. + * + * Also it's ideal to spread pages out evenly, meaning 1/(MIN_NR_GENS+1) + * of the total number of pages for each generation. A reasonable range + * for this average portion is [1/MIN_NR_GENS, 1/(MIN_NR_GENS+2)]. The + * eviction cares about the lower bound of cold pages, whereas the aging + * cares about the upper bound of hot pages. + */ + if (min_seq[!can_swap] + MIN_NR_GENS > max_seq) + *need_aging = true; + else if (min_seq[!can_swap] + MIN_NR_GENS < max_seq) + *need_aging = false; + else if (young * MIN_NR_GENS > total) + *need_aging = true; + else if (old * (MIN_NR_GENS + 2) < total) + *need_aging = true; + else + *need_aging = false; + + return total; +} + +static void age_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) +{ + bool need_aging; + unsigned long nr_to_scan; + int swappiness = get_swappiness(lruvec, sc); + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(sc->memcg_low_reclaim); + + mem_cgroup_calculate_protection(NULL, memcg); + + if (mem_cgroup_below_min(memcg)) + return; + + nr_to_scan = get_nr_evictable(lruvec, max_seq, min_seq, swappiness, &need_aging); + if (!nr_to_scan) + return; + + nr_to_scan >>= mem_cgroup_online(memcg) ? sc->priority : 0; + + if (nr_to_scan && need_aging) + inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, swappiness); +} + +static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) +{ + struct mem_cgroup *memcg; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!current_is_kswapd()); + + memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, NULL, NULL); + do { + struct lruvec *lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(memcg, pgdat); + + age_lruvec(lruvec, sc); + + cond_resched(); + } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL))); +} + +/****************************************************************************** + * the eviction + ******************************************************************************/ + +static bool sort_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, int tier_idx) +{ + bool success; + int gen = folio_lru_gen(folio); + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + int zone = folio_zonenum(folio); + int delta = folio_nr_pages(folio); + int refs = folio_lru_refs(folio); + int tier = lru_tier_from_refs(refs); + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(gen >= MAX_NR_GENS, folio); + + /* unevictable */ + if (!folio_evictable(folio)) { + success = lru_gen_del_folio(lruvec, folio, true); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!success, folio); + folio_set_unevictable(folio); + lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio); + __count_vm_events(UNEVICTABLE_PGCULLED, delta); + return true; + } + + /* dirty lazyfree */ + if (type == LRU_GEN_FILE && folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_dirty(folio)) { + success = lru_gen_del_folio(lruvec, folio, true); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!success, folio); + folio_set_swapbacked(folio); + lruvec_add_folio_tail(lruvec, folio); + return true; + } + + /* protected */ + if (tier > tier_idx) { + int hist = lru_hist_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + + gen = folio_inc_gen(lruvec, folio, false); + list_move_tail(&folio->lru, &lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); + + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->protected[hist][type][tier - 1], + lrugen->protected[hist][type][tier - 1] + delta); + __mod_lruvec_state(lruvec, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE_BASE + type, delta); + return true; + } + + /* waiting for writeback */ + if (folio_test_locked(folio) || folio_test_writeback(folio) || + (type == LRU_GEN_FILE && folio_test_dirty(folio))) { + gen = folio_inc_gen(lruvec, folio, true); + list_move(&folio->lru, &lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); + return true; + } + + return false; +} + +static bool isolate_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, struct scan_control *sc) +{ + bool success; + + /* unmapping inhibited */ + if (!sc->may_unmap && folio_mapped(folio)) + return false; + + /* swapping inhibited */ + if (!(sc->may_writepage && (sc->gfp_mask & __GFP_IO)) && + (folio_test_dirty(folio) || + (folio_test_anon(folio) && !folio_test_swapcache(folio)))) + return false; + + /* raced with release_pages() */ + if (!folio_try_get(folio)) + return false; + + /* raced with another isolation */ + if (!folio_test_clear_lru(folio)) { + folio_put(folio); + return false; + } + + /* see the comment on MAX_NR_TIERS */ + if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) + set_mask_bits(&folio->flags, LRU_REFS_MASK | LRU_REFS_FLAGS, 0); + + /* for shrink_page_list() */ + folio_clear_reclaim(folio); + folio_clear_referenced(folio); + + success = lru_gen_del_folio(lruvec, folio, true); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!success, folio); + + return true; +} + +static int scan_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, + int type, int tier, struct list_head *list) +{ + int gen, zone; + enum vm_event_item item; + int sorted = 0; + int scanned = 0; + int isolated = 0; + int remaining = MAX_LRU_BATCH; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(list)); + + if (get_nr_gens(lruvec, type) == MIN_NR_GENS) + return 0; + + gen = lru_gen_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + + for (zone = sc->reclaim_idx; zone >= 0; zone--) { + LIST_HEAD(moved); + int skipped = 0; + struct list_head *head = &lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]; + + while (!list_empty(head)) { + struct folio *folio = lru_to_folio(head); + int delta = folio_nr_pages(folio); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_is_file_lru(folio) != type, folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_zonenum(folio) != zone, folio); + + scanned += delta; + + if (sort_folio(lruvec, folio, tier)) + sorted += delta; + else if (isolate_folio(lruvec, folio, sc)) { + list_add(&folio->lru, list); + isolated += delta; + } else { + list_move(&folio->lru, &moved); + skipped += delta; + } + + if (!--remaining || max(isolated, skipped) >= MIN_LRU_BATCH) + break; + } + + if (skipped) { + list_splice(&moved, head); + __count_zid_vm_events(PGSCAN_SKIP, zone, skipped); + } + + if (!remaining || isolated >= MIN_LRU_BATCH) + break; + } + + item = current_is_kswapd() ? PGSCAN_KSWAPD : PGSCAN_DIRECT; + if (!cgroup_reclaim(sc)) { + __count_vm_events(item, isolated); + __count_vm_events(PGREFILL, sorted); + } + __count_memcg_events(memcg, item, isolated); + __count_memcg_events(memcg, PGREFILL, sorted); + __count_vm_events(PGSCAN_ANON + type, isolated); + + /* + * There might not be eligible pages due to reclaim_idx, may_unmap and + * may_writepage. Check the remaining to prevent livelock if it's not + * making progress. + */ + return isolated || !remaining ? scanned : 0; +} + +static int get_tier_idx(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type) +{ + int tier; + struct ctrl_pos sp, pv; + + /* + * To leave a margin for fluctuations, use a larger gain factor (1:2). + * This value is chosen because any other tier would have at least twice + * as many refaults as the first tier. + */ + read_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, 0, 1, &sp); + for (tier = 1; tier < MAX_NR_TIERS; tier++) { + read_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, tier, 2, &pv); + if (!positive_ctrl_err(&sp, &pv)) + break; + } + + return tier - 1; +} + +static int get_type_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, int swappiness, int *tier_idx) +{ + int type, tier; + struct ctrl_pos sp, pv; + int gain[ANON_AND_FILE] = { swappiness, 200 - swappiness }; + + /* + * Compare the first tier of anon with that of file to determine which + * type to scan. Also need to compare other tiers of the selected type + * with the first tier of the other type to determine the last tier (of + * the selected type) to evict. + */ + read_ctrl_pos(lruvec, LRU_GEN_ANON, 0, gain[LRU_GEN_ANON], &sp); + read_ctrl_pos(lruvec, LRU_GEN_FILE, 0, gain[LRU_GEN_FILE], &pv); + type = positive_ctrl_err(&sp, &pv); + + read_ctrl_pos(lruvec, !type, 0, gain[!type], &sp); + for (tier = 1; tier < MAX_NR_TIERS; tier++) { + read_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, tier, gain[type], &pv); + if (!positive_ctrl_err(&sp, &pv)) + break; + } + + *tier_idx = tier - 1; + + return type; +} + +static int isolate_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swappiness, + int *type_scanned, struct list_head *list) +{ + int i; + int type; + int scanned; + int tier = -1; + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + /* + * Try to make the obvious choice first. When anon and file are both + * available from the same generation, interpret swappiness 1 as file + * first and 200 as anon first. + */ + if (!swappiness) + type = LRU_GEN_FILE; + else if (min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON] < min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE]) + type = LRU_GEN_ANON; + else if (swappiness == 1) + type = LRU_GEN_FILE; + else if (swappiness == 200) + type = LRU_GEN_ANON; + else + type = get_type_to_scan(lruvec, swappiness, &tier); + + for (i = !swappiness; i < ANON_AND_FILE; i++) { + if (tier < 0) + tier = get_tier_idx(lruvec, type); + + scanned = scan_folios(lruvec, sc, type, tier, list); + if (scanned) + break; + + type = !type; + tier = -1; + } + + *type_scanned = type; + + return scanned; +} + +static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swappiness) +{ + int type; + int scanned; + int reclaimed; + LIST_HEAD(list); + struct folio *folio; + enum vm_event_item item; + struct reclaim_stat stat; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec); + + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + scanned = isolate_folios(lruvec, sc, swappiness, &type, &list); + + scanned += try_to_inc_min_seq(lruvec, swappiness); + + if (get_nr_gens(lruvec, !swappiness) == MIN_NR_GENS) + scanned = 0; + + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + if (list_empty(&list)) + return scanned; + + reclaimed = shrink_page_list(&list, pgdat, sc, &stat, false); + + list_for_each_entry(folio, &list, lru) { + /* restore LRU_REFS_FLAGS cleared by isolate_folio() */ + if (folio_test_workingset(folio)) + folio_set_referenced(folio); + + /* don't add rejected pages to the oldest generation */ + if (folio_test_reclaim(folio) && + (folio_test_dirty(folio) || folio_test_writeback(folio))) + folio_clear_active(folio); + else + folio_set_active(folio); + } + + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + move_pages_to_lru(lruvec, &list); + + item = current_is_kswapd() ? PGSTEAL_KSWAPD : PGSTEAL_DIRECT; + if (!cgroup_reclaim(sc)) + __count_vm_events(item, reclaimed); + __count_memcg_events(memcg, item, reclaimed); + __count_vm_events(PGSTEAL_ANON + type, reclaimed); + + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&list); + free_unref_page_list(&list); + + sc->nr_reclaimed += reclaimed; + + return scanned; +} + +static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, + bool can_swap, unsigned long reclaimed) +{ + int priority; + bool need_aging; + unsigned long nr_to_scan; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) { + sc->nr_reclaimed += MIN_LRU_BATCH; + return 0; + } + + if (mem_cgroup_below_min(memcg) || + (mem_cgroup_below_low(memcg) && !sc->memcg_low_reclaim)) + return 0; + + nr_to_scan = get_nr_evictable(lruvec, max_seq, min_seq, can_swap, &need_aging); + if (!nr_to_scan) + return 0; + + /* adjust priority if memcg is offline or the target is met */ + if (!mem_cgroup_online(memcg)) + priority = 0; + else if (sc->nr_reclaimed - reclaimed >= sc->nr_to_reclaim) + priority = DEF_PRIORITY; + else + priority = sc->priority; + + nr_to_scan >>= priority; + if (!nr_to_scan) + return 0; + + if (!need_aging) + return nr_to_scan; + + /* skip the aging path at the default priority */ + if (priority == DEF_PRIORITY) + goto done; + + /* leave the work to lru_gen_age_node() */ + if (current_is_kswapd()) + return 0; + + inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, can_swap); +done: + return min_seq[!can_swap] + MIN_NR_GENS <= max_seq ? nr_to_scan : 0; +} + +static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) +{ + struct blk_plug plug; + unsigned long scanned = 0; + unsigned long reclaimed = sc->nr_reclaimed; + + lru_add_drain(); + + blk_start_plug(&plug); + + while (true) { + int delta; + int swappiness; + unsigned long nr_to_scan; + + if (sc->may_swap) + swappiness = get_swappiness(lruvec, sc); + else if (!cgroup_reclaim(sc) && get_swappiness(lruvec, sc)) + swappiness = 1; + else + swappiness = 0; + + nr_to_scan = get_nr_to_scan(lruvec, sc, swappiness, reclaimed); + if (!nr_to_scan) + break; + + delta = evict_folios(lruvec, sc, swappiness); + if (!delta) + break; + + scanned += delta; + if (scanned >= nr_to_scan) + break; + + cond_resched(); + } + + blk_finish_plug(&plug); +} + /****************************************************************************** * initialization ******************************************************************************/ @@ -3123,6 +3902,16 @@ static int __init init_lru_gen(void) }; late_initcall(init_lru_gen); +#else /* !CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + +static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) +{ +} + +static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) +{ +} + #endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ static void shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) @@ -3136,6 +3925,11 @@ static void shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) bool proportional_reclaim; struct blk_plug plug; + if (lru_gen_enabled()) { + lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(lruvec, sc); + return; + } + get_scan_count(lruvec, sc, nr); /* Record the original scan target for proportional adjustments later */ @@ -3640,6 +4434,9 @@ static void snapshot_refaults(struct mem_cgroup *target_memcg, pg_data_t *pgdat) struct lruvec *target_lruvec; unsigned long refaults; + if (lru_gen_enabled()) + return; + target_lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(target_memcg, pgdat); refaults = lruvec_page_state(target_lruvec, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE_ANON); target_lruvec->refaults[WORKINGSET_ANON] = refaults; @@ -4006,12 +4803,17 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, } #endif -static void age_active_anon(struct pglist_data *pgdat, +static void kswapd_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) { struct mem_cgroup *memcg; struct lruvec *lruvec; + if (lru_gen_enabled()) { + lru_gen_age_node(pgdat, sc); + return; + } + if (!can_age_anon_pages(pgdat, sc)) return; @@ -4331,12 +5133,11 @@ static int balance_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order, int highest_zoneidx) sc.may_swap = !nr_boost_reclaim; /* - * Do some background aging of the anon list, to give - * pages a chance to be referenced before reclaiming. All - * pages are rotated regardless of classzone as this is - * about consistent aging. + * Do some background aging, to give pages a chance to be + * referenced before reclaiming. All pages are rotated + * regardless of classzone as this is about consistent aging. */ - age_active_anon(pgdat, &sc); + kswapd_age_node(pgdat, &sc); /* * If we're getting trouble reclaiming, start doing writepage diff --git a/mm/workingset.c b/mm/workingset.c index a5e84862fc86..ae7e984b23c6 100644 --- a/mm/workingset.c +++ b/mm/workingset.c @@ -187,7 +187,6 @@ static unsigned int bucket_order __read_mostly; static void *pack_shadow(int memcgid, pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long eviction, bool workingset) { - eviction >>= bucket_order; eviction &= EVICTION_MASK; eviction = (eviction << MEM_CGROUP_ID_SHIFT) | memcgid; eviction = (eviction << NODES_SHIFT) | pgdat->node_id; @@ -212,10 +211,107 @@ static void unpack_shadow(void *shadow, int *memcgidp, pg_data_t **pgdat, *memcgidp = memcgid; *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid); - *evictionp = entry << bucket_order; + *evictionp = entry; *workingsetp = workingset; } +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + +static void *lru_gen_eviction(struct folio *folio) +{ + int hist; + unsigned long token; + unsigned long min_seq; + struct lruvec *lruvec; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen; + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + int delta = folio_nr_pages(folio); + int refs = folio_lru_refs(folio); + int tier = lru_tier_from_refs(refs); + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = folio_memcg(folio); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = folio_pgdat(folio); + + BUILD_BUG_ON(LRU_GEN_WIDTH + LRU_REFS_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - EVICTION_SHIFT); + + lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(memcg, pgdat); + lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + min_seq = READ_ONCE(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + token = (min_seq << LRU_REFS_WIDTH) | max(refs - 1, 0); + + hist = lru_hist_from_seq(min_seq); + atomic_long_add(delta, &lrugen->evicted[hist][type][tier]); + + return pack_shadow(mem_cgroup_id(memcg), pgdat, token, refs); +} + +static void lru_gen_refault(struct folio *folio, void *shadow) +{ + int hist, tier, refs; + int memcg_id; + bool workingset; + unsigned long token; + unsigned long min_seq; + struct lruvec *lruvec; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg; + struct pglist_data *pgdat; + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + int delta = folio_nr_pages(folio); + + unpack_shadow(shadow, &memcg_id, &pgdat, &token, &workingset); + + if (pgdat != folio_pgdat(folio)) + return; + + rcu_read_lock(); + + memcg = folio_memcg_rcu(folio); + if (memcg_id != mem_cgroup_id(memcg)) + goto unlock; + + lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(memcg, pgdat); + lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + min_seq = READ_ONCE(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + if ((token >> LRU_REFS_WIDTH) != (min_seq & (EVICTION_MASK >> LRU_REFS_WIDTH))) + goto unlock; + + hist = lru_hist_from_seq(min_seq); + /* see the comment in folio_lru_refs() */ + refs = (token & (BIT(LRU_REFS_WIDTH) - 1)) + workingset; + tier = lru_tier_from_refs(refs); + + atomic_long_add(delta, &lrugen->refaulted[hist][type][tier]); + mod_lruvec_state(lruvec, WORKINGSET_REFAULT_BASE + type, delta); + + /* + * Count the following two cases as stalls: + * 1. For pages accessed through page tables, hotter pages pushed out + * hot pages which refaulted immediately. + * 2. For pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors, + * numbers of accesses might have been out of the range. + */ + if (lru_gen_in_fault() || refs == BIT(LRU_REFS_WIDTH)) { + folio_set_workingset(folio); + mod_lruvec_state(lruvec, WORKINGSET_RESTORE_BASE + type, delta); + } +unlock: + rcu_read_unlock(); +} + +#else /* !CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + +static void *lru_gen_eviction(struct folio *folio) +{ + return NULL; +} + +static void lru_gen_refault(struct folio *folio, void *shadow) +{ +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + /** * workingset_age_nonresident - age non-resident entries as LRU ages * @lruvec: the lruvec that was aged @@ -264,10 +360,14 @@ void *workingset_eviction(struct folio *folio, struct mem_cgroup *target_memcg) VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_ref_count(folio), folio); VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio); + if (lru_gen_enabled()) + return lru_gen_eviction(folio); + lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(target_memcg, pgdat); /* XXX: target_memcg can be NULL, go through lruvec */ memcgid = mem_cgroup_id(lruvec_memcg(lruvec)); eviction = atomic_long_read(&lruvec->nonresident_age); + eviction >>= bucket_order; workingset_age_nonresident(lruvec, folio_nr_pages(folio)); return pack_shadow(memcgid, pgdat, eviction, folio_test_workingset(folio)); @@ -298,7 +398,13 @@ void workingset_refault(struct folio *folio, void *shadow) int memcgid; long nr; + if (lru_gen_enabled()) { + lru_gen_refault(folio, shadow); + return; + } + unpack_shadow(shadow, &memcgid, &pgdat, &eviction, &workingset); + eviction <<= bucket_order; rcu_read_lock(); /* From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:26 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943194 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD47CC28B2B for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:27 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 7608C6B007E; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:23 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:26 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-8-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 07/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: exploit locality in rmap From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Barry Song , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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s=arc-20220608; d=hostedemail.com; t=1660547664; a=rsa-sha256; cv=none; b=6bVHx6lpBUOYP0qUAzchg6JXyeFOAMXZX5lW/8eBbm6tRlD45NDdwJL3iMzB3anUh7RmMP pXxV6oyUB7z7afMV9KnsAOTJfE8i7+gxy8egaAQtFnjnUGlcMoQ4jifsNlqNHjw5lfz81W Hk02OYMlKaBZ/djfPaTFcqRw0HY9INY= X-Stat-Signature: h81s3iw9yp9bcsrwfnkkjar8qakzrb4u X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 8F64B1401C3 Authentication-Results: imf26.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b=nJM24lNW; spf=pass (imf26.hostedemail.com: domain of 3T_L5YgYKCDouqvdWkckkcha.Ykihejqt-iigrWYg.knc@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.166.201 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3T_L5YgYKCDouqvdWkckkcha.Ykihejqt-iigrWYg.knc@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Server: rspam06 X-HE-Tag: 1660547664-628362 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: Searching the rmap for PTEs mapping each page on an LRU list (to test and clear the accessed bit) can be expensive because pages from different VMAs (PA space) are not cache friendly to the rmap (VA space). For workloads mostly using mapped pages, searching the rmap can incur the highest CPU cost in the reclaim path. This patch exploits spatial locality to reduce the trips into the rmap. When shrink_page_list() walks the rmap and finds a young PTE, a new function lru_gen_look_around() scans at most BITS_PER_LONG-1 adjacent PTEs. On finding another young PTE, it clears the accessed bit and updates the gen counter of the page mapped by this PTE to (max_seq%MAX_NR_GENS)+1. Server benchmark results: Single workload: fio (buffered I/O): no change Single workload: memcached (anon): +[3, 5]% Ops/sec KB/sec patch1-6: 1106168.46 43025.04 patch1-7: 1147696.57 44640.29 Configurations: no change Client benchmark results: kswapd profiles: patch1-6 39.03% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work) 18.47% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead) 6.74% _raw_spin_unlock_irq 3.97% do_raw_spin_lock 2.49% ptep_clear_flush 2.48% anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first 1.92% folio_referenced_one 1.88% __zram_bvec_write 1.48% memmove 1.31% vma_interval_tree_iter_next patch1-7 48.16% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work) 8.20% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead) 7.06% _raw_spin_unlock_irq 2.92% ptep_clear_flush 2.53% __zram_bvec_write 2.11% do_raw_spin_lock 2.02% memmove 1.93% lru_gen_look_around 1.56% free_unref_page_list 1.40% memset Configurations: no change Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Barry Song Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- include/linux/memcontrol.h | 31 +++++++ include/linux/mm.h | 5 + include/linux/mmzone.h | 6 ++ mm/internal.h | 1 + mm/memcontrol.c | 1 + mm/rmap.c | 6 ++ mm/swap.c | 4 +- mm/vmscan.c | 184 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 236 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/memcontrol.h b/include/linux/memcontrol.h index 4d31ce55b1c0..47829f378fcb 100644 --- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h +++ b/include/linux/memcontrol.h @@ -444,6 +444,7 @@ static inline struct obj_cgroup *__folio_objcg(struct folio *folio) * - LRU isolation * - lock_page_memcg() * - exclusive reference + * - mem_cgroup_trylock_pages() * * For a kmem folio a caller should hold an rcu read lock to protect memcg * associated with a kmem folio from being released. @@ -505,6 +506,7 @@ static inline struct mem_cgroup *folio_memcg_rcu(struct folio *folio) * - LRU isolation * - lock_page_memcg() * - exclusive reference + * - mem_cgroup_trylock_pages() * * For a kmem page a caller should hold an rcu read lock to protect memcg * associated with a kmem page from being released. @@ -959,6 +961,23 @@ void unlock_page_memcg(struct page *page); void __mod_memcg_state(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int idx, int val); +/* try to stablize folio_memcg() for all the pages in a memcg */ +static inline bool mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ + rcu_read_lock(); + + if (mem_cgroup_disabled() || !atomic_read(&memcg->moving_account)) + return true; + + rcu_read_unlock(); + return false; +} + +static inline void mem_cgroup_unlock_pages(void) +{ + rcu_read_unlock(); +} + /* idx can be of type enum memcg_stat_item or node_stat_item */ static inline void mod_memcg_state(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int idx, int val) @@ -1422,6 +1441,18 @@ static inline void folio_memcg_unlock(struct folio *folio) { } +static inline bool mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ + /* to match folio_memcg_rcu() */ + rcu_read_lock(); + return true; +} + +static inline void mem_cgroup_unlock_pages(void) +{ + rcu_read_unlock(); +} + static inline void mem_cgroup_handle_over_high(void) { } diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h index fbe2e72e7bca..8ff7227c6cb1 100644 --- a/include/linux/mm.h +++ b/include/linux/mm.h @@ -1490,6 +1490,11 @@ static inline unsigned long folio_pfn(struct folio *folio) return page_to_pfn(&folio->page); } +static inline struct folio *pfn_folio(unsigned long pfn) +{ + return page_folio(pfn_to_page(pfn)); +} + static inline atomic_t *folio_pincount_ptr(struct folio *folio) { return &folio_page(folio, 1)->compound_pincount; diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 019d7c8ee834..850c6171af68 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -375,6 +375,7 @@ enum lruvec_flags { #ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H struct lruvec; +struct page_vma_mapped_walk; #define LRU_GEN_MASK ((BIT(LRU_GEN_WIDTH) - 1) << LRU_GEN_PGOFF) #define LRU_REFS_MASK ((BIT(LRU_REFS_WIDTH) - 1) << LRU_REFS_PGOFF) @@ -430,6 +431,7 @@ struct lru_gen_struct { }; void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec); +void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw); #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG void lru_gen_init_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg); @@ -442,6 +444,10 @@ static inline void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec) { } +static inline void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) +{ +} + #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG static inline void lru_gen_init_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) { diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h index 4df67b6b8cce..0082d5fdddac 100644 --- a/mm/internal.h +++ b/mm/internal.h @@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf); void folio_rotate_reclaimable(struct folio *folio); bool __folio_end_writeback(struct folio *folio); void deactivate_file_folio(struct folio *folio); +void folio_activate(struct folio *folio); void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *start_vma, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling); diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c index 5fd38d12149c..882180866e31 100644 --- a/mm/memcontrol.c +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c @@ -2789,6 +2789,7 @@ static void commit_charge(struct folio *folio, struct mem_cgroup *memcg) * - LRU isolation * - lock_page_memcg() * - exclusive reference + * - mem_cgroup_trylock_pages() */ folio->memcg_data = (unsigned long)memcg; } diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c index 28aef434ea41..7dc6d77ae865 100644 --- a/mm/rmap.c +++ b/mm/rmap.c @@ -825,6 +825,12 @@ static bool folio_referenced_one(struct folio *folio, } if (pvmw.pte) { + if (lru_gen_enabled() && pte_young(*pvmw.pte) && + !(vma->vm_flags & (VM_SEQ_READ | VM_RAND_READ))) { + lru_gen_look_around(&pvmw); + referenced++; + } + if (ptep_clear_flush_young_notify(vma, address, pvmw.pte)) { /* diff --git a/mm/swap.c b/mm/swap.c index f74fd51fa9e1..0a3871a70952 100644 --- a/mm/swap.c +++ b/mm/swap.c @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ static void folio_activate_drain(int cpu) folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, folio_activate_fn); } -static void folio_activate(struct folio *folio) +void folio_activate(struct folio *folio) { if (folio_test_lru(folio) && !folio_test_active(folio) && !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) { @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ static inline void folio_activate_drain(int cpu) { } -static void folio_activate(struct folio *folio) +void folio_activate(struct folio *folio) { struct lruvec *lruvec; diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index 4c57fb749a74..f365386eb441 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -1635,6 +1635,11 @@ static unsigned int shrink_page_list(struct list_head *page_list, if (!sc->may_unmap && folio_mapped(folio)) goto keep_locked; + /* folio_update_gen() tried to promote this page? */ + if (lru_gen_enabled() && !ignore_references && + folio_mapped(folio) && folio_test_referenced(folio)) + goto keep_locked; + /* * The number of dirty pages determines if a node is marked * reclaim_congested. kswapd will stall and start writing @@ -3219,6 +3224,29 @@ static bool positive_ctrl_err(struct ctrl_pos *sp, struct ctrl_pos *pv) * the aging ******************************************************************************/ +/* promote pages accessed through page tables */ +static int folio_update_gen(struct folio *folio, int gen) +{ + unsigned long new_flags, old_flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(gen >= MAX_NR_GENS); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_read_lock_held()); + + do { + /* lru_gen_del_folio() has isolated this page? */ + if (!(old_flags & LRU_GEN_MASK)) { + /* for shrink_page_list() */ + new_flags = old_flags | BIT(PG_referenced); + continue; + } + + new_flags = old_flags & ~(LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK | LRU_REFS_FLAGS); + new_flags |= (gen + 1UL) << LRU_GEN_PGOFF; + } while (!try_cmpxchg(&folio->flags, &old_flags, new_flags)); + + return ((old_flags & LRU_GEN_MASK) >> LRU_GEN_PGOFF) - 1; +} + /* protect pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors */ static int folio_inc_gen(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclaiming) { @@ -3230,6 +3258,11 @@ static int folio_inc_gen(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclai VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!(old_flags & LRU_GEN_MASK), folio); do { + new_gen = ((old_flags & LRU_GEN_MASK) >> LRU_GEN_PGOFF) - 1; + /* folio_update_gen() has promoted this page? */ + if (new_gen >= 0 && new_gen != old_gen) + return new_gen; + new_gen = (old_gen + 1) % MAX_NR_GENS; new_flags = old_flags & ~(LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK | LRU_REFS_FLAGS); @@ -3244,6 +3277,43 @@ static int folio_inc_gen(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclai return new_gen; } +static unsigned long get_pte_pfn(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr) +{ + unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end); + + if (!pte_present(pte) || is_zero_pfn(pfn)) + return -1; + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pte_devmap(pte) || pte_special(pte))) + return -1; + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn))) + return -1; + + return pfn; +} + +static struct folio *get_pfn_folio(unsigned long pfn, struct mem_cgroup *memcg, + struct pglist_data *pgdat) +{ + struct folio *folio; + + /* try to avoid unnecessary memory loads */ + if (pfn < pgdat->node_start_pfn || pfn >= pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat)) + return NULL; + + folio = pfn_folio(pfn); + if (folio_nid(folio) != pgdat->node_id) + return NULL; + + if (folio_memcg_rcu(folio) != memcg) + return NULL; + + return folio; +} + static void inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type) { struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; @@ -3445,6 +3515,114 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL))); } +/* + * This function exploits spatial locality when shrink_page_list() walks the + * rmap. It scans the adjacent PTEs of a young PTE and promotes hot pages. + */ +void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) +{ + int i; + pte_t *pte; + unsigned long start; + unsigned long end; + unsigned long addr; + unsigned long bitmap[BITS_TO_LONGS(MIN_LRU_BATCH)] = {}; + struct folio *folio = pfn_folio(pvmw->pfn); + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = folio_memcg(folio); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = folio_pgdat(folio); + struct lruvec *lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(memcg, pgdat); + DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); + int old_gen, new_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(max_seq); + + lockdep_assert_held(pvmw->ptl); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio); + + if (spin_is_contended(pvmw->ptl)) + return; + + start = max(pvmw->address & PMD_MASK, pvmw->vma->vm_start); + end = min(pvmw->address | ~PMD_MASK, pvmw->vma->vm_end - 1) + 1; + + if (end - start > MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE) { + if (pvmw->address - start < MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE / 2) + end = start + MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE; + else if (end - pvmw->address < MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE / 2) + start = end - MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE; + else { + start = pvmw->address - MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE / 2; + end = pvmw->address + MIN_LRU_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE / 2; + } + } + + pte = pvmw->pte - (pvmw->address - start) / PAGE_SIZE; + + rcu_read_lock(); + arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); + + for (i = 0, addr = start; addr != end; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) { + unsigned long pfn; + + pfn = get_pte_pfn(pte[i], pvmw->vma, addr); + if (pfn == -1) + continue; + + if (!pte_young(pte[i])) + continue; + + folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat); + if (!folio) + continue; + + if (!ptep_test_and_clear_young(pvmw->vma, addr, pte + i)) + continue; + + if (pte_dirty(pte[i]) && !folio_test_dirty(folio) && + !(folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_swapbacked(folio) && + !folio_test_swapcache(folio))) + folio_mark_dirty(folio); + + old_gen = folio_lru_gen(folio); + if (old_gen < 0) + folio_set_referenced(folio); + else if (old_gen != new_gen) + __set_bit(i, bitmap); + } + + arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); + rcu_read_unlock(); + + if (bitmap_weight(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) < PAGEVEC_SIZE) { + for_each_set_bit(i, bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) { + folio = pfn_folio(pte_pfn(pte[i])); + folio_activate(folio); + } + return; + } + + /* folio_update_gen() requires stable folio_memcg() */ + if (!mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(memcg)) + return; + + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + new_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(lruvec->lrugen.max_seq); + + for_each_set_bit(i, bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) { + folio = pfn_folio(pte_pfn(pte[i])); + if (folio_memcg_rcu(folio) != memcg) + continue; + + old_gen = folio_update_gen(folio, new_gen); + if (old_gen < 0 || old_gen == new_gen) + continue; + + lru_gen_update_size(lruvec, folio, old_gen, new_gen); + } + + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + mem_cgroup_unlock_pages(); +} + /****************************************************************************** * the eviction ******************************************************************************/ @@ -3481,6 +3659,12 @@ static bool sort_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, int tier_idx) return true; } + /* promoted */ + if (gen != lru_gen_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type])) { + list_move(&folio->lru, &lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); + return true; + } + /* protected */ if (tier > tier_idx) { int hist = lru_hist_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type]); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:27 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943195 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 84C5CC00140 for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:29 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id EAFF26B0081; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id E39A76B0082; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:26 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id B2B108D0001; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:26 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: linux-mm@kvack.org Received: from relay.hostedemail.com (smtprelay0016.hostedemail.com [216.40.44.16]) by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 98E916B0081 for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:25 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:27 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-9-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 08/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: support page table walks From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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A kill switch will be added in the next patch to disable this behavior. When disabled, the aging relies on the rmap only. NB: this behavior has nothing similar with the page table scanning in the 2.4 kernel [1], which searches page tables for old PTEs, adds cold pages to swapcache and unmaps them. To avoid confusion, the term "iteration" specifically means the traversal of an entire mm_struct list; the term "walk" will be applied to page tables and the rmap, as usual. An mm_struct list is maintained for each memcg, and an mm_struct follows its owner task to the new memcg when this task is migrated. Given an lruvec, the aging iterates lruvec_memcg()->mm_list and calls walk_page_range() with each mm_struct on this list to promote hot pages before it increments max_seq. When multiple page table walkers iterate the same list, each of them gets a unique mm_struct; therefore they can run concurrently. Page table walkers ignore any misplaced pages, e.g., if an mm_struct was migrated, pages it left in the previous memcg will not be promoted when its current memcg is under reclaim. Similarly, page table walkers will not promote pages from nodes other than the one under reclaim. This patch uses the following optimizations when walking page tables: 1. It tracks the usage of mm_struct's between context switches so that page table walkers can skip processes that have been sleeping since the last iteration. 2. It uses generational Bloom filters to record populated branches so that page table walkers can reduce their search space based on the query results, e.g., to skip page tables containing mostly holes or misplaced pages. 3. It takes advantage of the accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries when CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG=y. 4. It does not zigzag between a PGD table and the same PMD table spanning multiple VMAs. IOW, it finishes all the VMAs within the range of the same PMD table before it returns to a PGD table. This improves the cache performance for workloads that have large numbers of tiny VMAs [2], especially when CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS=5. Server benchmark results: Single workload: fio (buffered I/O): no change Single workload: memcached (anon): +[8, 10]% Ops/sec KB/sec patch1-7: 1147696.57 44640.29 patch1-8: 1245274.91 48435.66 Configurations: no change Client benchmark results: kswapd profiles: patch1-7 48.16% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work) 8.20% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead) 7.06% _raw_spin_unlock_irq 2.92% ptep_clear_flush 2.53% __zram_bvec_write 2.11% do_raw_spin_lock 2.02% memmove 1.93% lru_gen_look_around 1.56% free_unref_page_list 1.40% memset patch1-8 49.44% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work) 6.19% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead) 5.97% _raw_spin_unlock_irq 3.13% get_pfn_folio 2.85% ptep_clear_flush 2.42% __zram_bvec_write 2.08% do_raw_spin_lock 1.92% memmove 1.44% alloc_zspage 1.36% memset Configurations: no change Thanks to the following developers for their efforts [3]. kernel test robot [1] https://lwn.net/Articles/23732/ [2] https://llvm.org/docs/ScudoHardenedAllocator.html [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/202204160827.ekEARWQo-lkp@intel.com/ Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- fs/exec.c | 2 + include/linux/memcontrol.h | 5 + include/linux/mm_types.h | 77 +++ include/linux/mmzone.h | 56 +- include/linux/swap.h | 4 + kernel/exit.c | 1 + kernel/fork.c | 9 + kernel/sched/core.c | 1 + mm/memcontrol.c | 25 + mm/vmscan.c | 1012 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 10 files changed, 1175 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c index f793221f4eb6..5fd98ca569ff 100644 --- a/fs/exec.c +++ b/fs/exec.c @@ -1014,6 +1014,7 @@ static int exec_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm) active_mm = tsk->active_mm; tsk->active_mm = mm; tsk->mm = mm; + lru_gen_add_mm(mm); /* * This prevents preemption while active_mm is being loaded and * it and mm are being updated, which could cause problems for @@ -1029,6 +1030,7 @@ static int exec_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm) tsk->mm->vmacache_seqnum = 0; vmacache_flush(tsk); task_unlock(tsk); + lru_gen_use_mm(mm); if (vfork) timens_on_fork(tsk->nsproxy, tsk); diff --git a/include/linux/memcontrol.h b/include/linux/memcontrol.h index 47829f378fcb..ea6a78bb896c 100644 --- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h +++ b/include/linux/memcontrol.h @@ -350,6 +350,11 @@ struct mem_cgroup { struct deferred_split deferred_split_queue; #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + /* per-memcg mm_struct list */ + struct lru_gen_mm_list mm_list; +#endif + struct mem_cgroup_per_node *nodeinfo[]; }; diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h index cf97f3884fda..1952e70ec099 100644 --- a/include/linux/mm_types.h +++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ #define _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H #include +#include #include #include @@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include @@ -672,6 +674,22 @@ struct mm_struct { */ unsigned long ksm_merging_pages; #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + struct { + /* this mm_struct is on lru_gen_mm_list */ + struct list_head list; + /* + * Set when switching to this mm_struct, as a hint of + * whether it has been used since the last time per-node + * page table walkers cleared the corresponding bits. + */ + unsigned long bitmap; +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + /* points to the memcg of "owner" above */ + struct mem_cgroup *memcg; +#endif + } lru_gen; +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ } __randomize_layout; /* @@ -698,6 +716,65 @@ static inline cpumask_t *mm_cpumask(struct mm_struct *mm) return (struct cpumask *)&mm->cpu_bitmap; } +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + +struct lru_gen_mm_list { + /* mm_struct list for page table walkers */ + struct list_head fifo; + /* protects the list above */ + spinlock_t lock; +}; + +void lru_gen_add_mm(struct mm_struct *mm); +void lru_gen_del_mm(struct mm_struct *mm); +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG +void lru_gen_migrate_mm(struct mm_struct *mm); +#endif + +static inline void lru_gen_init_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mm->lru_gen.list); + mm->lru_gen.bitmap = 0; +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + mm->lru_gen.memcg = NULL; +#endif +} + +static inline void lru_gen_use_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ + /* unlikely but not a bug when racing with lru_gen_migrate_mm() */ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(list_empty(&mm->lru_gen.list)); + + if (!(current->flags & PF_KTHREAD)) + WRITE_ONCE(mm->lru_gen.bitmap, -1); +} + +#else /* !CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + +static inline void lru_gen_add_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} + +static inline void lru_gen_del_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG +static inline void lru_gen_migrate_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} +#endif + +static inline void lru_gen_init_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} + +static inline void lru_gen_use_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + struct mmu_gather; extern void tlb_gather_mmu(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct mm_struct *mm); extern void tlb_gather_mmu_fullmm(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct mm_struct *mm); diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 850c6171af68..51e521465742 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ enum { * min_seq behind. * * The number of pages in each generation is eventually consistent and therefore - * can be transiently negative. + * can be transiently negative when reset_batch_size() is pending. */ struct lru_gen_struct { /* the aging increments the youngest generation number */ @@ -430,6 +430,53 @@ struct lru_gen_struct { atomic_long_t refaulted[NR_HIST_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; }; +enum { + MM_LEAF_TOTAL, /* total leaf entries */ + MM_LEAF_OLD, /* old leaf entries */ + MM_LEAF_YOUNG, /* young leaf entries */ + MM_NONLEAF_TOTAL, /* total non-leaf entries */ + MM_NONLEAF_FOUND, /* non-leaf entries found in Bloom filters */ + MM_NONLEAF_ADDED, /* non-leaf entries added to Bloom filters */ + NR_MM_STATS +}; + +/* double-buffering Bloom filters */ +#define NR_BLOOM_FILTERS 2 + +struct lru_gen_mm_state { + /* set to max_seq after each iteration */ + unsigned long seq; + /* where the current iteration continues (inclusive) */ + struct list_head *head; + /* where the last iteration ended (exclusive) */ + struct list_head *tail; + /* to wait for the last page table walker to finish */ + struct wait_queue_head wait; + /* Bloom filters flip after each iteration */ + unsigned long *filters[NR_BLOOM_FILTERS]; + /* the mm stats for debugging */ + unsigned long stats[NR_HIST_GENS][NR_MM_STATS]; + /* the number of concurrent page table walkers */ + int nr_walkers; +}; + +struct lru_gen_mm_walk { + /* the lruvec under reclaim */ + struct lruvec *lruvec; + /* unstable max_seq from lru_gen_struct */ + unsigned long max_seq; + /* the next address within an mm to scan */ + unsigned long next_addr; + /* to batch promoted pages */ + int nr_pages[MAX_NR_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_ZONES]; + /* to batch the mm stats */ + int mm_stats[NR_MM_STATS]; + /* total batched items */ + int batched; + bool can_swap; + bool force_scan; +}; + void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec); void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw); @@ -480,6 +527,8 @@ struct lruvec { #ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN /* evictable pages divided into generations */ struct lru_gen_struct lrugen; + /* to concurrently iterate lru_gen_mm_list */ + struct lru_gen_mm_state mm_state; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG struct pglist_data *pgdat; @@ -1174,6 +1223,11 @@ typedef struct pglist_data { unsigned long flags; +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + /* kswap mm walk data */ + struct lru_gen_mm_walk mm_walk; +#endif + ZONE_PADDING(_pad2_) /* Per-node vmstats */ diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h index 43150b9bbc5c..6308150b234a 100644 --- a/include/linux/swap.h +++ b/include/linux/swap.h @@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ union swap_header { */ struct reclaim_state { unsigned long reclaimed_slab; +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + /* per-thread mm walk data */ + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *mm_walk; +#endif }; #ifdef __KERNEL__ diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c index 84021b24f79e..98a33bd7c25c 100644 --- a/kernel/exit.c +++ b/kernel/exit.c @@ -466,6 +466,7 @@ void mm_update_next_owner(struct mm_struct *mm) goto retry; } WRITE_ONCE(mm->owner, c); + lru_gen_migrate_mm(mm); task_unlock(c); put_task_struct(c); } diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c index 90c85b17bf69..d2da065442af 100644 --- a/kernel/fork.c +++ b/kernel/fork.c @@ -1152,6 +1152,7 @@ static struct mm_struct *mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p, goto fail_nocontext; mm->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns); + lru_gen_init_mm(mm); return mm; fail_nocontext: @@ -1194,6 +1195,7 @@ static inline void __mmput(struct mm_struct *mm) } if (mm->binfmt) module_put(mm->binfmt->module); + lru_gen_del_mm(mm); mmdrop(mm); } @@ -2694,6 +2696,13 @@ pid_t kernel_clone(struct kernel_clone_args *args) get_task_struct(p); } + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LRU_GEN) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_VM)) { + /* lock the task to synchronize with memcg migration */ + task_lock(p); + lru_gen_add_mm(p->mm); + task_unlock(p); + } + wake_up_new_task(p); /* forking complete and child started to run, tell ptracer */ diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c index 8fccd8721bb8..2c605bdede47 100644 --- a/kernel/sched/core.c +++ b/kernel/sched/core.c @@ -5180,6 +5180,7 @@ context_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev, * finish_task_switch()'s mmdrop(). */ switch_mm_irqs_off(prev->active_mm, next->mm, next); + lru_gen_use_mm(next->mm); if (!prev->mm) { // from kernel /* will mmdrop() in finish_task_switch(). */ diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c index 882180866e31..2121a9bcbb54 100644 --- a/mm/memcontrol.c +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c @@ -6199,6 +6199,30 @@ static void mem_cgroup_move_task(void) } #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN +static void mem_cgroup_attach(struct cgroup_taskset *tset) +{ + struct task_struct *task; + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css; + + /* find the first leader if there is any */ + cgroup_taskset_for_each_leader(task, css, tset) + break; + + if (!task) + return; + + task_lock(task); + if (task->mm && task->mm->owner == task) + lru_gen_migrate_mm(task->mm); + task_unlock(task); +} +#else +static void mem_cgroup_attach(struct cgroup_taskset *tset) +{ +} +#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */ + static int seq_puts_memcg_tunable(struct seq_file *m, unsigned long value) { if (value == PAGE_COUNTER_MAX) @@ -6604,6 +6628,7 @@ struct cgroup_subsys memory_cgrp_subsys = { .css_reset = mem_cgroup_css_reset, .css_rstat_flush = mem_cgroup_css_rstat_flush, .can_attach = mem_cgroup_can_attach, + .attach = mem_cgroup_attach, .cancel_attach = mem_cgroup_cancel_attach, .post_attach = mem_cgroup_move_task, .dfl_cftypes = memory_files, diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index f365386eb441..d1dfc0a77b6f 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ #include #include #include +#include +#include #include #include @@ -3082,7 +3084,7 @@ static bool can_age_anon_pages(struct pglist_data *pgdat, for ((type) = 0; (type) < ANON_AND_FILE; (type)++) \ for ((zone) = 0; (zone) < MAX_NR_ZONES; (zone)++) -static struct lruvec __maybe_unused *get_lruvec(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int nid) +static struct lruvec *get_lruvec(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int nid) { struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid); @@ -3127,6 +3129,372 @@ static bool __maybe_unused seq_is_valid(struct lruvec *lruvec) get_nr_gens(lruvec, LRU_GEN_ANON) <= MAX_NR_GENS; } +/****************************************************************************** + * mm_struct list + ******************************************************************************/ + +static struct lru_gen_mm_list *get_mm_list(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) +{ + static struct lru_gen_mm_list mm_list = { + .fifo = LIST_HEAD_INIT(mm_list.fifo), + .lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(mm_list.lock), + }; + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + if (memcg) + return &memcg->mm_list; +#endif + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!mem_cgroup_disabled()); + + return &mm_list; +} + +void lru_gen_add_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ + int nid; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = get_mem_cgroup_from_mm(mm); + struct lru_gen_mm_list *mm_list = get_mm_list(memcg); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&mm->lru_gen.list)); +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm->lru_gen.memcg); + mm->lru_gen.memcg = memcg; +#endif + spin_lock(&mm_list->lock); + + for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) { + struct lruvec *lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid); + + if (!lruvec) + continue; + + /* the first addition since the last iteration */ + if (lruvec->mm_state.tail == &mm_list->fifo) + lruvec->mm_state.tail = &mm->lru_gen.list; + } + + list_add_tail(&mm->lru_gen.list, &mm_list->fifo); + + spin_unlock(&mm_list->lock); +} + +void lru_gen_del_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ + int nid; + struct lru_gen_mm_list *mm_list; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL; + + if (list_empty(&mm->lru_gen.list)) + return; + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + memcg = mm->lru_gen.memcg; +#endif + mm_list = get_mm_list(memcg); + + spin_lock(&mm_list->lock); + + for_each_node(nid) { + struct lruvec *lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid); + + if (!lruvec) + continue; + + /* where the last iteration ended (exclusive) */ + if (lruvec->mm_state.tail == &mm->lru_gen.list) + lruvec->mm_state.tail = lruvec->mm_state.tail->next; + + /* where the current iteration continues (inclusive) */ + if (lruvec->mm_state.head != &mm->lru_gen.list) + continue; + + lruvec->mm_state.head = lruvec->mm_state.head->next; + /* the deletion ends the current iteration */ + if (lruvec->mm_state.head == &mm_list->fifo) + WRITE_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.seq, lruvec->mm_state.seq + 1); + } + + list_del_init(&mm->lru_gen.list); + + spin_unlock(&mm_list->lock); + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + mem_cgroup_put(mm->lru_gen.memcg); + mm->lru_gen.memcg = NULL; +#endif +} + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG +void lru_gen_migrate_mm(struct mm_struct *mm) +{ + struct mem_cgroup *memcg; + + lockdep_assert_held(&mm->owner->alloc_lock); + + /* for mm_update_next_owner() */ + if (mem_cgroup_disabled()) + return; + + rcu_read_lock(); + memcg = mem_cgroup_from_task(rcu_dereference(mm->owner)); + rcu_read_unlock(); + if (memcg == mm->lru_gen.memcg) + return; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!mm->lru_gen.memcg); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(list_empty(&mm->lru_gen.list)); + + lru_gen_del_mm(mm); + lru_gen_add_mm(mm); +} +#endif + +/* + * Bloom filters with m=1<<15, k=2 and the false positive rates of ~1/5 when + * n=10,000 and ~1/2 when n=20,000, where, conventionally, m is the number of + * bits in a bitmap, k is the number of hash functions and n is the number of + * inserted items. + * + * Page table walkers use one of the two filters to reduce their search space. + * To get rid of non-leaf entries that no longer have enough leaf entries, the + * aging uses the double-buffering technique to flip to the other filter each + * time it produces a new generation. For non-leaf entries that have enough + * leaf entries, the aging carries them over to the next generation in + * walk_pmd_range(); the eviction also report them when walking the rmap + * in lru_gen_look_around(). + * + * For future optimizations: + * 1. It's not necessary to keep both filters all the time. The spare one can be + * freed after the RCU grace period and reallocated if needed again. + * 2. And when reallocating, it's worth scaling its size according to the number + * of inserted entries in the other filter, to reduce the memory overhead on + * small systems and false positives on large systems. + * 3. Jenkins' hash function is an alternative to Knuth's. + */ +#define BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT 15 + +static inline int filter_gen_from_seq(unsigned long seq) +{ + return seq % NR_BLOOM_FILTERS; +} + +static void get_item_key(void *item, int *key) +{ + u32 hash = hash_ptr(item, BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT * 2); + + BUILD_BUG_ON(BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT * 2 > BITS_PER_TYPE(u32)); + + key[0] = hash & (BIT(BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT) - 1); + key[1] = hash >> BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT; +} + +static void reset_bloom_filter(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long seq) +{ + unsigned long *filter; + int gen = filter_gen_from_seq(seq); + + filter = lruvec->mm_state.filters[gen]; + if (filter) { + bitmap_clear(filter, 0, BIT(BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT)); + return; + } + + filter = bitmap_zalloc(BIT(BLOOM_FILTER_SHIFT), + __GFP_HIGH | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN); + WRITE_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.filters[gen], filter); +} + +static void update_bloom_filter(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long seq, void *item) +{ + int key[2]; + unsigned long *filter; + int gen = filter_gen_from_seq(seq); + + filter = READ_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.filters[gen]); + if (!filter) + return; + + get_item_key(item, key); + + if (!test_bit(key[0], filter)) + set_bit(key[0], filter); + if (!test_bit(key[1], filter)) + set_bit(key[1], filter); +} + +static bool test_bloom_filter(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long seq, void *item) +{ + int key[2]; + unsigned long *filter; + int gen = filter_gen_from_seq(seq); + + filter = READ_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.filters[gen]); + if (!filter) + return true; + + get_item_key(item, key); + + return test_bit(key[0], filter) && test_bit(key[1], filter); +} + +static void reset_mm_stats(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk, bool last) +{ + int i; + int hist; + + lockdep_assert_held(&get_mm_list(lruvec_memcg(lruvec))->lock); + + if (walk) { + hist = lru_hist_from_seq(walk->max_seq); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_MM_STATS; i++) { + WRITE_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.stats[hist][i], + lruvec->mm_state.stats[hist][i] + walk->mm_stats[i]); + walk->mm_stats[i] = 0; + } + } + + if (NR_HIST_GENS > 1 && last) { + hist = lru_hist_from_seq(lruvec->mm_state.seq + 1); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_MM_STATS; i++) + WRITE_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.stats[hist][i], 0); + } +} + +static bool should_skip_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk) +{ + int type; + unsigned long size = 0; + struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(walk->lruvec); + int key = pgdat->node_id % BITS_PER_TYPE(mm->lru_gen.bitmap); + + if (!walk->force_scan && !test_bit(key, &mm->lru_gen.bitmap)) + return true; + + clear_bit(key, &mm->lru_gen.bitmap); + + for (type = !walk->can_swap; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + size += type ? get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES) : + get_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES) + + get_mm_counter(mm, MM_SHMEMPAGES); + } + + if (size < MIN_LRU_BATCH) + return true; + + if (mm_is_oom_victim(mm)) + return true; + + return !mmget_not_zero(mm); +} + +static bool iterate_mm_list(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk, + struct mm_struct **iter) +{ + bool first = false; + bool last = true; + struct mm_struct *mm = NULL; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + struct lru_gen_mm_list *mm_list = get_mm_list(memcg); + struct lru_gen_mm_state *mm_state = &lruvec->mm_state; + + /* + * There are four interesting cases for this page table walker: + * 1. It tries to start a new iteration of mm_list with a stale max_seq; + * there is nothing left to do. + * 2. It's the first of the current generation, and it needs to reset + * the Bloom filter for the next generation. + * 3. It reaches the end of mm_list, and it needs to increment + * mm_state->seq; the iteration is done. + * 4. It's the last of the current generation, and it needs to reset the + * mm stats counters for the next generation. + */ + spin_lock(&mm_list->lock); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->seq + 1 < walk->max_seq); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(*iter && mm_state->seq > walk->max_seq); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(*iter && !mm_state->nr_walkers); + + if (walk->max_seq <= mm_state->seq) { + if (!*iter) + last = false; + goto done; + } + + if (!mm_state->nr_walkers) { + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->head && mm_state->head != &mm_list->fifo); + + mm_state->head = mm_list->fifo.next; + first = true; + } + + while (!mm && mm_state->head != &mm_list->fifo) { + mm = list_entry(mm_state->head, struct mm_struct, lru_gen.list); + + mm_state->head = mm_state->head->next; + + /* force scan for those added after the last iteration */ + if (!mm_state->tail || mm_state->tail == &mm->lru_gen.list) { + mm_state->tail = mm_state->head; + walk->force_scan = true; + } + + if (should_skip_mm(mm, walk)) + mm = NULL; + } + + if (mm_state->head == &mm_list->fifo) + WRITE_ONCE(mm_state->seq, mm_state->seq + 1); +done: + if (*iter && !mm) + mm_state->nr_walkers--; + if (!*iter && mm) + mm_state->nr_walkers++; + + if (mm_state->nr_walkers) + last = false; + + if (*iter || last) + reset_mm_stats(lruvec, walk, last); + + spin_unlock(&mm_list->lock); + + if (mm && first) + reset_bloom_filter(lruvec, walk->max_seq + 1); + + if (*iter) + mmput_async(*iter); + + *iter = mm; + + return last; +} + +static bool iterate_mm_list_nowalk(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq) +{ + bool success = false; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + struct lru_gen_mm_list *mm_list = get_mm_list(memcg); + struct lru_gen_mm_state *mm_state = &lruvec->mm_state; + + spin_lock(&mm_list->lock); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->seq + 1 < max_seq); + + if (max_seq > mm_state->seq && !mm_state->nr_walkers) { + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_state->head && mm_state->head != &mm_list->fifo); + + WRITE_ONCE(mm_state->seq, mm_state->seq + 1); + reset_mm_stats(lruvec, NULL, true); + success = true; + } + + spin_unlock(&mm_list->lock); + + return success; +} + /****************************************************************************** * refault feedback loop ******************************************************************************/ @@ -3277,6 +3645,118 @@ static int folio_inc_gen(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, bool reclai return new_gen; } +static void update_batch_size(struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk, struct folio *folio, + int old_gen, int new_gen) +{ + int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio); + int zone = folio_zonenum(folio); + int delta = folio_nr_pages(folio); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(old_gen >= MAX_NR_GENS); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(new_gen >= MAX_NR_GENS); + + walk->batched++; + + walk->nr_pages[old_gen][type][zone] -= delta; + walk->nr_pages[new_gen][type][zone] += delta; +} + +static void reset_batch_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk) +{ + int gen, type, zone; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + walk->batched = 0; + + for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) { + enum lru_list lru = type * LRU_INACTIVE_FILE; + int delta = walk->nr_pages[gen][type][zone]; + + if (!delta) + continue; + + walk->nr_pages[gen][type][zone] = 0; + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->nr_pages[gen][type][zone], + lrugen->nr_pages[gen][type][zone] + delta); + + if (lru_gen_is_active(lruvec, gen)) + lru += LRU_ACTIVE; + __update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, zone, delta); + } +} + +static int should_skip_vma(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, struct mm_walk *args) +{ + struct address_space *mapping; + struct vm_area_struct *vma = args->vma; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = args->private; + + if (!vma_is_accessible(vma)) + return true; + + if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) + return true; + + if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SPECIAL | VM_SEQ_READ | VM_RAND_READ)) + return true; + + if (vma == get_gate_vma(vma->vm_mm)) + return true; + + if (vma_is_anonymous(vma)) + return !walk->can_swap; + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!vma->vm_file || !vma->vm_file->f_mapping)) + return true; + + mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping; + if (mapping_unevictable(mapping)) + return true; + + if (shmem_mapping(mapping)) + return !walk->can_swap; + + /* to exclude special mappings like dax, etc. */ + return !mapping->a_ops->read_folio; +} + +/* + * Some userspace memory allocators map many single-page VMAs. Instead of + * returning back to the PGD table for each of such VMAs, finish an entire PMD + * table to reduce zigzags and improve cache performance. + */ +static bool get_next_vma(unsigned long mask, unsigned long size, struct mm_walk *args, + unsigned long *vm_start, unsigned long *vm_end) +{ + unsigned long start = round_up(*vm_end, size); + unsigned long end = (start | ~mask) + 1; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(mask & size); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE((start & mask) != (*vm_start & mask)); + + while (args->vma) { + if (start >= args->vma->vm_end) { + args->vma = args->vma->vm_next; + continue; + } + + if (end && end <= args->vma->vm_start) + return false; + + if (should_skip_vma(args->vma->vm_start, args->vma->vm_end, args)) { + args->vma = args->vma->vm_next; + continue; + } + + *vm_start = max(start, args->vma->vm_start); + *vm_end = min(end - 1, args->vma->vm_end - 1) + 1; + + return true; + } + + return false; +} + static unsigned long get_pte_pfn(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr) { unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte); @@ -3295,8 +3775,28 @@ static unsigned long get_pte_pfn(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned return pfn; } +#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG) +static unsigned long get_pmd_pfn(pmd_t pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr) +{ + unsigned long pfn = pmd_pfn(pmd); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end); + + if (!pmd_present(pmd) || is_huge_zero_pmd(pmd)) + return -1; + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_devmap(pmd))) + return -1; + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn))) + return -1; + + return pfn; +} +#endif + static struct folio *get_pfn_folio(unsigned long pfn, struct mem_cgroup *memcg, - struct pglist_data *pgdat) + struct pglist_data *pgdat, bool can_swap) { struct folio *folio; @@ -3311,9 +3811,378 @@ static struct folio *get_pfn_folio(unsigned long pfn, struct mem_cgroup *memcg, if (folio_memcg_rcu(folio) != memcg) return NULL; + /* file VMAs can contain anon pages from COW */ + if (!folio_is_file_lru(folio) && !can_swap) + return NULL; + return folio; } +static bool suitable_to_scan(int total, int young) +{ + int n = clamp_t(int, cache_line_size() / sizeof(pte_t), 2, 8); + + /* suitable if the average number of young PTEs per cacheline is >=1 */ + return young * n >= total; +} + +static bool walk_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, + struct mm_walk *args) +{ + int i; + pte_t *pte; + spinlock_t *ptl; + unsigned long addr; + int total = 0; + int young = 0; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = args->private; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(walk->lruvec); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(walk->lruvec); + int old_gen, new_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(walk->max_seq); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_leaf(*pmd)); + + ptl = pte_lockptr(args->mm, pmd); + if (!spin_trylock(ptl)) + return false; + + arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); + + pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, start & PMD_MASK); +restart: + for (i = pte_index(start), addr = start; addr != end; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) { + unsigned long pfn; + struct folio *folio; + + total++; + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_TOTAL]++; + + pfn = get_pte_pfn(pte[i], args->vma, addr); + if (pfn == -1) + continue; + + if (!pte_young(pte[i])) { + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_OLD]++; + continue; + } + + folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat, walk->can_swap); + if (!folio) + continue; + + if (!ptep_test_and_clear_young(args->vma, addr, pte + i)) + continue; + + young++; + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_YOUNG]++; + + if (pte_dirty(pte[i]) && !folio_test_dirty(folio) && + !(folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_swapbacked(folio) && + !folio_test_swapcache(folio))) + folio_mark_dirty(folio); + + old_gen = folio_update_gen(folio, new_gen); + if (old_gen >= 0 && old_gen != new_gen) + update_batch_size(walk, folio, old_gen, new_gen); + } + + if (i < PTRS_PER_PTE && get_next_vma(PMD_MASK, PAGE_SIZE, args, &start, &end)) + goto restart; + + pte_unmap(pte); + + arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); + spin_unlock(ptl); + + return suitable_to_scan(total, young); +} + +#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG) +static void walk_pmd_range_locked(pud_t *pud, unsigned long next, struct vm_area_struct *vma, + struct mm_walk *args, unsigned long *bitmap, unsigned long *start) +{ + int i; + pmd_t *pmd; + spinlock_t *ptl; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = args->private; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(walk->lruvec); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(walk->lruvec); + int old_gen, new_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(walk->max_seq); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_leaf(*pud)); + + /* try to batch at most 1+MIN_LRU_BATCH+1 entries */ + if (*start == -1) { + *start = next; + return; + } + + i = next == -1 ? 0 : pmd_index(next) - pmd_index(*start); + if (i && i <= MIN_LRU_BATCH) { + __set_bit(i - 1, bitmap); + return; + } + + pmd = pmd_offset(pud, *start); + + ptl = pmd_lockptr(args->mm, pmd); + if (!spin_trylock(ptl)) + goto done; + + arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); + + do { + unsigned long pfn; + struct folio *folio; + unsigned long addr = i ? (*start & PMD_MASK) + i * PMD_SIZE : *start; + + pfn = get_pmd_pfn(pmd[i], vma, addr); + if (pfn == -1) + goto next; + + if (!pmd_trans_huge(pmd[i])) { + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG)) + pmdp_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pmd + i); + goto next; + } + + folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat, walk->can_swap); + if (!folio) + goto next; + + if (!pmdp_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pmd + i)) + goto next; + + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_YOUNG]++; + + if (pmd_dirty(pmd[i]) && !folio_test_dirty(folio) && + !(folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_swapbacked(folio) && + !folio_test_swapcache(folio))) + folio_mark_dirty(folio); + + old_gen = folio_update_gen(folio, new_gen); + if (old_gen >= 0 && old_gen != new_gen) + update_batch_size(walk, folio, old_gen, new_gen); +next: + i = i > MIN_LRU_BATCH ? 0 : find_next_bit(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH, i) + 1; + } while (i <= MIN_LRU_BATCH); + + arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); + spin_unlock(ptl); +done: + *start = -1; + bitmap_zero(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH); +} +#else +static void walk_pmd_range_locked(pud_t *pud, unsigned long next, struct vm_area_struct *vma, + struct mm_walk *args, unsigned long *bitmap, unsigned long *start) +{ +} +#endif + +static void walk_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, + struct mm_walk *args) +{ + int i; + pmd_t *pmd; + unsigned long next; + unsigned long addr; + struct vm_area_struct *vma; + unsigned long pos = -1; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = args->private; + unsigned long bitmap[BITS_TO_LONGS(MIN_LRU_BATCH)] = {}; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_leaf(*pud)); + + /* + * Finish an entire PMD in two passes: the first only reaches to PTE + * tables to avoid taking the PMD lock; the second, if necessary, takes + * the PMD lock to clear the accessed bit in PMD entries. + */ + pmd = pmd_offset(pud, start & PUD_MASK); +restart: + /* walk_pte_range() may call get_next_vma() */ + vma = args->vma; + for (i = pmd_index(start), addr = start; addr != end; i++, addr = next) { + pmd_t val = pmd_read_atomic(pmd + i); + + /* for pmd_read_atomic() */ + barrier(); + + next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); + + if (!pmd_present(val) || is_huge_zero_pmd(val)) { + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_TOTAL]++; + continue; + } + +#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE + if (pmd_trans_huge(val)) { + unsigned long pfn = pmd_pfn(val); + struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(walk->lruvec); + + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_TOTAL]++; + + if (!pmd_young(val)) { + walk->mm_stats[MM_LEAF_OLD]++; + continue; + } + + /* try to avoid unnecessary memory loads */ + if (pfn < pgdat->node_start_pfn || pfn >= pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat)) + continue; + + walk_pmd_range_locked(pud, addr, vma, args, bitmap, &pos); + continue; + } +#endif + walk->mm_stats[MM_NONLEAF_TOTAL]++; + +#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG + if (!pmd_young(val)) + continue; + + walk_pmd_range_locked(pud, addr, vma, args, bitmap, &pos); +#endif + if (!walk->force_scan && !test_bloom_filter(walk->lruvec, walk->max_seq, pmd + i)) + continue; + + walk->mm_stats[MM_NONLEAF_FOUND]++; + + if (!walk_pte_range(&val, addr, next, args)) + continue; + + walk->mm_stats[MM_NONLEAF_ADDED]++; + + /* carry over to the next generation */ + update_bloom_filter(walk->lruvec, walk->max_seq + 1, pmd + i); + } + + walk_pmd_range_locked(pud, -1, vma, args, bitmap, &pos); + + if (i < PTRS_PER_PMD && get_next_vma(PUD_MASK, PMD_SIZE, args, &start, &end)) + goto restart; +} + +static int walk_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, + struct mm_walk *args) +{ + int i; + pud_t *pud; + unsigned long addr; + unsigned long next; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = args->private; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(p4d_leaf(*p4d)); + + pud = pud_offset(p4d, start & P4D_MASK); +restart: + for (i = pud_index(start), addr = start; addr != end; i++, addr = next) { + pud_t val = READ_ONCE(pud[i]); + + next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); + + if (!pud_present(val) || WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_leaf(val))) + continue; + + walk_pmd_range(&val, addr, next, args); + + if (mm_is_oom_victim(args->mm)) + return 1; + + /* a racy check to curtail the waiting time */ + if (wq_has_sleeper(&walk->lruvec->mm_state.wait)) + return 1; + + if (need_resched() || walk->batched >= MAX_LRU_BATCH) { + end = (addr | ~PUD_MASK) + 1; + goto done; + } + } + + if (i < PTRS_PER_PUD && get_next_vma(P4D_MASK, PUD_SIZE, args, &start, &end)) + goto restart; + + end = round_up(end, P4D_SIZE); +done: + if (!end || !args->vma) + return 1; + + walk->next_addr = max(end, args->vma->vm_start); + + return -EAGAIN; +} + +static void walk_mm(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct mm_struct *mm, struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk) +{ + static const struct mm_walk_ops mm_walk_ops = { + .test_walk = should_skip_vma, + .p4d_entry = walk_pud_range, + }; + + int err; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + + walk->next_addr = FIRST_USER_ADDRESS; + + do { + err = -EBUSY; + + /* folio_update_gen() requires stable folio_memcg() */ + if (!mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(memcg)) + break; + + /* the caller might be holding the lock for write */ + if (mmap_read_trylock(mm)) { + err = walk_page_range(mm, walk->next_addr, ULONG_MAX, &mm_walk_ops, walk); + + mmap_read_unlock(mm); + } + + mem_cgroup_unlock_pages(); + + if (walk->batched) { + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + reset_batch_size(lruvec, walk); + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + } + + cond_resched(); + } while (err == -EAGAIN); +} + +static struct lru_gen_mm_walk *set_mm_walk(struct pglist_data *pgdat) +{ + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = current->reclaim_state->mm_walk; + + if (pgdat && current_is_kswapd()) { + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(walk); + + walk = &pgdat->mm_walk; + } else if (!pgdat && !walk) { + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(current_is_kswapd()); + + walk = kzalloc(sizeof(*walk), __GFP_HIGH | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN); + } + + current->reclaim_state->mm_walk = walk; + + return walk; +} + +static void clear_mm_walk(void) +{ + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk = current->reclaim_state->mm_walk; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(walk && memchr_inv(walk->nr_pages, 0, sizeof(walk->nr_pages))); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(walk && memchr_inv(walk->mm_stats, 0, sizeof(walk->mm_stats))); + + current->reclaim_state->mm_walk = NULL; + + if (!current_is_kswapd()) + kfree(walk); +} + static void inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type) { struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; @@ -3365,7 +4234,7 @@ static bool try_to_inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) return success; } -static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, bool can_swap) +static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) { int prev, next; int type, zone; @@ -3375,9 +4244,6 @@ static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, bool can_s VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!seq_is_valid(lruvec)); - if (max_seq != lrugen->max_seq) - goto unlock; - for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { if (get_nr_gens(lruvec, type) != MAX_NR_GENS) continue; @@ -3415,10 +4281,76 @@ static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, bool can_s /* make sure preceding modifications appear */ smp_store_release(&lrugen->max_seq, lrugen->max_seq + 1); -unlock: + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); } +static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, + struct scan_control *sc, bool can_swap) +{ + bool success; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk; + struct mm_struct *mm = NULL; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(max_seq > READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq)); + + /* see the comment in iterate_mm_list() */ + if (max_seq <= READ_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.seq)) { + success = false; + goto done; + } + + /* + * If the hardware doesn't automatically set the accessed bit, fallback + * to lru_gen_look_around(), which only clears the accessed bit in a + * handful of PTEs. Spreading the work out over a period of time usually + * is less efficient, but it avoids bursty page faults. + */ + if (!arch_has_hw_pte_young()) { + success = iterate_mm_list_nowalk(lruvec, max_seq); + goto done; + } + + walk = set_mm_walk(NULL); + if (!walk) { + success = iterate_mm_list_nowalk(lruvec, max_seq); + goto done; + } + + walk->lruvec = lruvec; + walk->max_seq = max_seq; + walk->can_swap = can_swap; + walk->force_scan = false; + + do { + success = iterate_mm_list(lruvec, walk, &mm); + if (mm) + walk_mm(lruvec, mm, walk); + + cond_resched(); + } while (mm); +done: + if (!success) { + if (sc->priority < DEF_PRIORITY - 2) + wait_event_killable(lruvec->mm_state.wait, + max_seq < READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq)); + + return max_seq < READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq); + } + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(max_seq != READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq)); + + inc_max_seq(lruvec, can_swap); + /* either this sees any waiters or they will see updated max_seq */ + if (wq_has_sleeper(&lruvec->mm_state.wait)) + wake_up_all(&lruvec->mm_state.wait); + + wakeup_flusher_threads(WB_REASON_VMSCAN); + + return true; +} + static unsigned long get_nr_evictable(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, unsigned long *min_seq, bool can_swap, bool *need_aging) { @@ -3496,7 +4428,7 @@ static void age_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) nr_to_scan >>= mem_cgroup_online(memcg) ? sc->priority : 0; if (nr_to_scan && need_aging) - inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, swappiness); + try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, swappiness); } static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) @@ -3505,6 +4437,8 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!current_is_kswapd()); + set_mm_walk(pgdat); + memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, NULL, NULL); do { struct lruvec *lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(memcg, pgdat); @@ -3513,11 +4447,16 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) cond_resched(); } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL))); + + clear_mm_walk(); } /* * This function exploits spatial locality when shrink_page_list() walks the - * rmap. It scans the adjacent PTEs of a young PTE and promotes hot pages. + * rmap. It scans the adjacent PTEs of a young PTE and promotes hot pages. If + * the scan was done cacheline efficiently, it adds the PMD entry pointing to + * the PTE table to the Bloom filter. This forms a feedback loop between the + * eviction and the aging. */ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) { @@ -3526,6 +4465,8 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) unsigned long start; unsigned long end; unsigned long addr; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk; + int young = 0; unsigned long bitmap[BITS_TO_LONGS(MIN_LRU_BATCH)] = {}; struct folio *folio = pfn_folio(pvmw->pfn); struct mem_cgroup *memcg = folio_memcg(folio); @@ -3555,6 +4496,7 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) } pte = pvmw->pte - (pvmw->address - start) / PAGE_SIZE; + walk = current->reclaim_state ? current->reclaim_state->mm_walk : NULL; rcu_read_lock(); arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); @@ -3569,13 +4511,15 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) if (!pte_young(pte[i])) continue; - folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat); + folio = get_pfn_folio(pfn, memcg, pgdat, !walk || walk->can_swap); if (!folio) continue; if (!ptep_test_and_clear_young(pvmw->vma, addr, pte + i)) continue; + young++; + if (pte_dirty(pte[i]) && !folio_test_dirty(folio) && !(folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_swapbacked(folio) && !folio_test_swapcache(folio))) @@ -3591,7 +4535,11 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); rcu_read_unlock(); - if (bitmap_weight(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) < PAGEVEC_SIZE) { + /* feedback from rmap walkers to page table walkers */ + if (suitable_to_scan(i, young)) + update_bloom_filter(lruvec, max_seq, pvmw->pmd); + + if (!walk && bitmap_weight(bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) < PAGEVEC_SIZE) { for_each_set_bit(i, bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) { folio = pfn_folio(pte_pfn(pte[i])); folio_activate(folio); @@ -3603,8 +4551,10 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) if (!mem_cgroup_trylock_pages(memcg)) return; - spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); - new_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(lruvec->lrugen.max_seq); + if (!walk) { + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + new_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(lruvec->lrugen.max_seq); + } for_each_set_bit(i, bitmap, MIN_LRU_BATCH) { folio = pfn_folio(pte_pfn(pte[i])); @@ -3615,10 +4565,14 @@ void lru_gen_look_around(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw) if (old_gen < 0 || old_gen == new_gen) continue; - lru_gen_update_size(lruvec, folio, old_gen, new_gen); + if (walk) + update_batch_size(walk, folio, old_gen, new_gen); + else + lru_gen_update_size(lruvec, folio, old_gen, new_gen); } - spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + if (!walk) + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); mem_cgroup_unlock_pages(); } @@ -3901,6 +4855,7 @@ static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swap struct folio *folio; enum vm_event_item item; struct reclaim_stat stat; + struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk; struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec); @@ -3937,6 +4892,10 @@ static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swap move_pages_to_lru(lruvec, &list); + walk = current->reclaim_state->mm_walk; + if (walk && walk->batched) + reset_batch_size(lruvec, walk); + item = current_is_kswapd() ? PGSTEAL_KSWAPD : PGSTEAL_DIRECT; if (!cgroup_reclaim(sc)) __count_vm_events(item, reclaimed); @@ -3953,6 +4912,11 @@ static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swap return scanned; } +/* + * For future optimizations: + * 1. Defer try_to_inc_max_seq() to workqueues to reduce latency for memcg + * reclaim. + */ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, bool can_swap, unsigned long reclaimed) { @@ -3999,7 +4963,8 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control * if (current_is_kswapd()) return 0; - inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, can_swap); + if (try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, can_swap)) + return nr_to_scan; done: return min_seq[!can_swap] + MIN_NR_GENS <= max_seq ? nr_to_scan : 0; } @@ -4014,6 +4979,8 @@ static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc blk_start_plug(&plug); + set_mm_walk(lruvec_pgdat(lruvec)); + while (true) { int delta; int swappiness; @@ -4041,6 +5008,8 @@ static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc cond_resched(); } + clear_mm_walk(); + blk_finish_plug(&plug); } @@ -4057,15 +5026,21 @@ void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec) for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); + + lruvec->mm_state.seq = MIN_NR_GENS; + init_waitqueue_head(&lruvec->mm_state.wait); } #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG void lru_gen_init_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) { + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&memcg->mm_list.fifo); + spin_lock_init(&memcg->mm_list.lock); } void lru_gen_exit_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) { + int i; int nid; for_each_node(nid) { @@ -4073,6 +5048,11 @@ void lru_gen_exit_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(memchr_inv(lruvec->lrugen.nr_pages, 0, sizeof(lruvec->lrugen.nr_pages))); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_BLOOM_FILTERS; i++) { + bitmap_free(lruvec->mm_state.filters[i]); + lruvec->mm_state.filters[i] = NULL; + } } } #endif From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:28 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943196 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBB4CC282E7 for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:26 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:28 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-10-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 09/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: optimize multiple memcgs From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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bh=5eUro1Ys65PlYEqsgNKi16f/oPtNjC98bqZv1yckg04=; b=NFuBOxeUcHxqnerdjoLhSU4dVpLTgFTB/IdcmDZm3z7MzdlAoOwcbkD4Nv3u+4tY400fDZ fFE3RxvqTzWEX8H4RyZ9uCK5fHSdGFbGhXyKl8S8qD8LgwEUFwPhjcas0+T1jOPJU/oo5y zxEtM6P8NkdtMN1vfCyE/Pt6bOsyugU= X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: pwyqojsw14sqetwcoainu4e8z8rwatdx X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 66748C0013 Authentication-Results: imf22.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b=EB8amhRS; spf=pass (imf22.hostedemail.com: domain of 3UvL5YgYKCD0xtygZnfnnfkd.bnlkhmtw-lljuZbj.nqf@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.219.202 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3UvL5YgYKCD0xtygZnfnnfkd.bnlkhmtw-lljuZbj.nqf@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com X-Rspamd-Server: rspam01 X-HE-Tag: 1660547667-167461 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: When multiple memcgs are available, it is possible to make better choices based on generations and tiers and therefore improve the overall performance under global memory pressure. This patch adds a rudimentary optimization to select memcgs that can drop single-use unmapped clean pages first. Doing so reduces the chance of going into the aging path or swapping. These two decisions can be costly. A typical example that benefits from this optimization is a server running mixed types of workloads, e.g., heavy anon workload in one memcg and heavy buffered I/O workload in the other. Though this optimization can be applied to both kswapd and direct reclaim, it is only added to kswapd to keep the patchset manageable. Later improvements will cover the direct reclaim path. Server benchmark results: Mixed workloads: fio (buffered I/O): +[19, 21]% IOPS BW patch1-8: 1880k 7343MiB/s patch1-9: 2252k 8796MiB/s memcached (anon): +[119, 123]% Ops/sec KB/sec patch1-8: 862768.65 33514.68 patch1-9: 1911022.12 74234.54 Mixed workloads: fio (buffered I/O): +[75, 77]% IOPS BW 5.19-rc1: 1279k 4996MiB/s patch1-9: 2252k 8796MiB/s memcached (anon): +[13, 15]% Ops/sec KB/sec 5.19-rc1: 1673524.04 65008.87 patch1-9: 1911022.12 74234.54 Configurations: (changes since patch 6) cat mixed.sh modprobe brd rd_nr=2 rd_size=56623104 swapoff -a mkswap /dev/ram0 swapon /dev/ram0 mkfs.ext4 /dev/ram1 mount -t ext4 /dev/ram1 /mnt memtier_benchmark -S /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock \ -P memcache_binary -n allkeys --key-minimum=1 \ --key-maximum=50000000 --key-pattern=P:P -c 1 -t 36 \ --ratio 1:0 --pipeline 8 -d 2000 fio -name=mglru --numjobs=36 --directory=/mnt --size=1408m \ --buffered=1 --ioengine=io_uring --iodepth=128 \ --iodepth_batch_submit=32 --iodepth_batch_complete=32 \ --rw=randread --random_distribution=random --norandommap \ --time_based --ramp_time=10m --runtime=90m --group_reporting & pid=$! sleep 200 memtier_benchmark -S /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock \ -P memcache_binary -n allkeys --key-minimum=1 \ --key-maximum=50000000 --key-pattern=R:R -c 1 -t 36 \ --ratio 0:1 --pipeline 8 --randomize --distinct-client-seed kill -INT $pid wait Client benchmark results: no change (CONFIG_MEMCG=n) Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- mm/vmscan.c | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index d1dfc0a77b6f..ee51c752a3af 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -131,6 +131,13 @@ struct scan_control { /* Always discard instead of demoting to lower tier memory */ unsigned int no_demotion:1; +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN + /* help make better choices when multiple memcgs are available */ + unsigned int memcgs_need_aging:1; + unsigned int memcgs_need_swapping:1; + unsigned int memcgs_avoid_swapping:1; +#endif + /* Allocation order */ s8 order; @@ -4437,6 +4444,22 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!current_is_kswapd()); + /* + * To reduce the chance of going into the aging path or swapping, which + * can be costly, optimistically skip them unless their corresponding + * flags were cleared in the eviction path. This improves the overall + * performance when multiple memcgs are available. + */ + if (!sc->memcgs_need_aging) { + sc->memcgs_need_aging = true; + sc->memcgs_avoid_swapping = !sc->memcgs_need_swapping; + sc->memcgs_need_swapping = true; + return; + } + + sc->memcgs_need_swapping = true; + sc->memcgs_avoid_swapping = true; + set_mm_walk(pgdat); memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, NULL, NULL); @@ -4846,7 +4869,8 @@ static int isolate_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int sw return scanned; } -static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swappiness) +static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swappiness, + bool *need_swapping) { int type; int scanned; @@ -4909,6 +4933,9 @@ static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swap sc->nr_reclaimed += reclaimed; + if (type == LRU_GEN_ANON && need_swapping) + *need_swapping = true; + return scanned; } @@ -4918,10 +4945,9 @@ static int evict_folios(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, int swap * reclaim. */ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, - bool can_swap, unsigned long reclaimed) + bool can_swap, unsigned long reclaimed, bool *need_aging) { int priority; - bool need_aging; unsigned long nr_to_scan; struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); @@ -4936,7 +4962,7 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control * (mem_cgroup_below_low(memcg) && !sc->memcg_low_reclaim)) return 0; - nr_to_scan = get_nr_evictable(lruvec, max_seq, min_seq, can_swap, &need_aging); + nr_to_scan = get_nr_evictable(lruvec, max_seq, min_seq, can_swap, need_aging); if (!nr_to_scan) return 0; @@ -4952,7 +4978,7 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control * if (!nr_to_scan) return 0; - if (!need_aging) + if (!*need_aging) return nr_to_scan; /* skip the aging path at the default priority */ @@ -4972,6 +4998,8 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control * static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) { struct blk_plug plug; + bool need_aging = false; + bool need_swapping = false; unsigned long scanned = 0; unsigned long reclaimed = sc->nr_reclaimed; @@ -4993,21 +5021,30 @@ static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc else swappiness = 0; - nr_to_scan = get_nr_to_scan(lruvec, sc, swappiness, reclaimed); + nr_to_scan = get_nr_to_scan(lruvec, sc, swappiness, reclaimed, &need_aging); if (!nr_to_scan) - break; + goto done; - delta = evict_folios(lruvec, sc, swappiness); + delta = evict_folios(lruvec, sc, swappiness, &need_swapping); if (!delta) - break; + goto done; scanned += delta; if (scanned >= nr_to_scan) break; + if (sc->memcgs_avoid_swapping && swappiness < 200 && need_swapping) + break; + cond_resched(); } + /* see the comment in lru_gen_age_node() */ + if (!need_aging) + sc->memcgs_need_aging = false; + if (!need_swapping) + sc->memcgs_need_swapping = false; +done: clear_mm_walk(); blk_finish_plug(&plug); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:29 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943197 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 18710C25B0E for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:28 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:29 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-11-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 10/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: kill switch From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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Components that can be disabled include: 0x0001: the multi-gen LRU core 0x0002: walking page table, when arch_has_hw_pte_young() returns true 0x0004: clearing the accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries, when CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG=y [yYnN]: apply to all the components above E.g., echo y >/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 0x0007 echo 5 >/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 0x0005 NB: the page table walks happen on the scale of seconds under heavy memory pressure, in which case the mmap_lock contention is a lesser concern, compared with the LRU lock contention and the I/O congestion. So far the only well-known case of the mmap_lock contention happens on Android, due to Scudo [1] which allocates several thousand VMAs for merely a few hundred MBs. The SPF and the Maple Tree also have provided their own assessments [2][3]. However, if walking page tables does worsen the mmap_lock contention, the kill switch can be used to disable it. In this case the multi-gen LRU will suffer a minor performance degradation, as shown previously. Clearing the accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries can also be disabled, since this behavior was not tested on x86 varieties other than Intel and AMD. [1] https://source.android.com/devices/tech/debug/scudo [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220128131006.67712-1-michel@lespinasse.org/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220426150616.3937571-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com/ Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- include/linux/cgroup.h | 15 ++- include/linux/mm_inline.h | 15 ++- include/linux/mmzone.h | 9 ++ kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h | 1 - mm/Kconfig | 6 + mm/vmscan.c | 231 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 6 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup.h b/include/linux/cgroup.h index ed53bfe7c46c..dee80e670291 100644 --- a/include/linux/cgroup.h +++ b/include/linux/cgroup.h @@ -432,6 +432,18 @@ static inline void cgroup_put(struct cgroup *cgrp) css_put(&cgrp->self); } +extern struct mutex cgroup_mutex; + +static inline void cgroup_lock(void) +{ + mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex); +} + +static inline void cgroup_unlock(void) +{ + mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex); +} + /** * task_css_set_check - obtain a task's css_set with extra access conditions * @task: the task to obtain css_set for @@ -446,7 +458,6 @@ static inline void cgroup_put(struct cgroup *cgrp) * as locks used during the cgroup_subsys::attach() methods. */ #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU -extern struct mutex cgroup_mutex; extern spinlock_t css_set_lock; #define task_css_set_check(task, __c) \ rcu_dereference_check((task)->cgroups, \ @@ -708,6 +719,8 @@ struct cgroup; static inline u64 cgroup_id(const struct cgroup *cgrp) { return 1; } static inline void css_get(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css) {} static inline void css_put(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css) {} +static inline void cgroup_lock(void) {} +static inline void cgroup_unlock(void) {} static inline int cgroup_attach_task_all(struct task_struct *from, struct task_struct *t) { return 0; } static inline int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats, diff --git a/include/linux/mm_inline.h b/include/linux/mm_inline.h index f2b2296a42f9..4949eda9a9a2 100644 --- a/include/linux/mm_inline.h +++ b/include/linux/mm_inline.h @@ -106,10 +106,21 @@ static __always_inline enum lru_list folio_lru_list(struct folio *folio) #ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN_ENABLED static inline bool lru_gen_enabled(void) { - return true; + DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(lru_gen_caps[NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS]); + + return static_branch_likely(&lru_gen_caps[LRU_GEN_CORE]); } +#else +static inline bool lru_gen_enabled(void) +{ + DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(lru_gen_caps[NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS]); + + return static_branch_unlikely(&lru_gen_caps[LRU_GEN_CORE]); +} +#endif static inline bool lru_gen_in_fault(void) { @@ -222,7 +233,7 @@ static inline bool lru_gen_add_folio(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio, VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(gen != -1, folio); - if (folio_test_unevictable(folio)) + if (folio_test_unevictable(folio) || !lrugen->enabled) return false; /* * There are three common cases for this page: diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 51e521465742..7f8c529b46ad 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -387,6 +387,13 @@ enum { LRU_GEN_FILE, }; +enum { + LRU_GEN_CORE, + LRU_GEN_MM_WALK, + LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG, + NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS +}; + #define MIN_LRU_BATCH BITS_PER_LONG #define MAX_LRU_BATCH (MIN_LRU_BATCH * 128) @@ -428,6 +435,8 @@ struct lru_gen_struct { /* can be modified without holding the LRU lock */ atomic_long_t evicted[NR_HIST_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; atomic_long_t refaulted[NR_HIST_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_TIERS]; + /* whether the multi-gen LRU is enabled */ + bool enabled; }; enum { diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h index 36b740cb3d59..63dc3e82be4f 100644 --- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h +++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h @@ -164,7 +164,6 @@ struct cgroup_mgctx { #define DEFINE_CGROUP_MGCTX(name) \ struct cgroup_mgctx name = CGROUP_MGCTX_INIT(name) -extern struct mutex cgroup_mutex; extern spinlock_t css_set_lock; extern struct cgroup_subsys *cgroup_subsys[]; extern struct list_head cgroup_roots; diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig index 5101dca8f21c..6c86849c4db9 100644 --- a/mm/Kconfig +++ b/mm/Kconfig @@ -1133,6 +1133,12 @@ config LRU_GEN help A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. +config LRU_GEN_ENABLED + bool "Enable by default" + depends on LRU_GEN + help + This option enables the multi-gen LRU by default. + config LRU_GEN_STATS bool "Full stats for debugging" depends on LRU_GEN diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index ee51c752a3af..5502c553e32e 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include @@ -3071,6 +3072,14 @@ static bool can_age_anon_pages(struct pglist_data *pgdat, #ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN +#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN_ENABLED +DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_ARRAY_TRUE(lru_gen_caps, NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS); +#define get_cap(cap) static_branch_likely(&lru_gen_caps[cap]) +#else +DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_ARRAY_FALSE(lru_gen_caps, NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS); +#define get_cap(cap) static_branch_unlikely(&lru_gen_caps[cap]) +#endif + /****************************************************************************** * shorthand helpers ******************************************************************************/ @@ -3948,7 +3957,8 @@ static void walk_pmd_range_locked(pud_t *pud, unsigned long next, struct vm_area goto next; if (!pmd_trans_huge(pmd[i])) { - if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG)) + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG) && + get_cap(LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG)) pmdp_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pmd + i); goto next; } @@ -4046,10 +4056,12 @@ static void walk_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, walk->mm_stats[MM_NONLEAF_TOTAL]++; #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG - if (!pmd_young(val)) - continue; + if (get_cap(LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG)) { + if (!pmd_young(val)) + continue; - walk_pmd_range_locked(pud, addr, vma, args, bitmap, &pos); + walk_pmd_range_locked(pud, addr, vma, args, bitmap, &pos); + } #endif if (!walk->force_scan && !test_bloom_filter(walk->lruvec, walk->max_seq, pmd + i)) continue; @@ -4314,7 +4326,7 @@ static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, * handful of PTEs. Spreading the work out over a period of time usually * is less efficient, but it avoids bursty page faults. */ - if (!arch_has_hw_pte_young()) { + if (!(arch_has_hw_pte_young() && get_cap(LRU_GEN_MM_WALK))) { success = iterate_mm_list_nowalk(lruvec, max_seq); goto done; } @@ -5050,6 +5062,211 @@ static void lru_gen_shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc blk_finish_plug(&plug); } +/****************************************************************************** + * state change + ******************************************************************************/ + +static bool __maybe_unused state_is_valid(struct lruvec *lruvec) +{ + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + if (lrugen->enabled) { + enum lru_list lru; + + for_each_evictable_lru(lru) { + if (!list_empty(&lruvec->lists[lru])) + return false; + } + } else { + int gen, type, zone; + + for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) { + if (!list_empty(&lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone])) + return false; + + /* unlikely but not a bug when reset_batch_size() is pending */ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(lrugen->nr_pages[gen][type][zone]); + } + } + + return true; +} + +static bool fill_evictable(struct lruvec *lruvec) +{ + enum lru_list lru; + int remaining = MAX_LRU_BATCH; + + for_each_evictable_lru(lru) { + int type = is_file_lru(lru); + bool active = is_active_lru(lru); + struct list_head *head = &lruvec->lists[lru]; + + while (!list_empty(head)) { + bool success; + struct folio *folio = lru_to_folio(head); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio) != active, folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_is_file_lru(folio) != type, folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_lru_gen(folio) != -1, folio); + + lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio); + success = lru_gen_add_folio(lruvec, folio, false); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!success); + + if (!--remaining) + return false; + } + } + + return true; +} + +static bool drain_evictable(struct lruvec *lruvec) +{ + int gen, type, zone; + int remaining = MAX_LRU_BATCH; + + for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) { + struct list_head *head = &lruvec->lrugen.lists[gen][type][zone]; + + while (!list_empty(head)) { + bool success; + struct folio *folio = lru_to_folio(head); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_is_file_lru(folio) != type, folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_zonenum(folio) != zone, folio); + + success = lru_gen_del_folio(lruvec, folio, false); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!success); + lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio); + + if (!--remaining) + return false; + } + } + + return true; +} + +static void lru_gen_change_state(bool enabled) +{ + static DEFINE_MUTEX(state_mutex); + + struct mem_cgroup *memcg; + + cgroup_lock(); + cpus_read_lock(); + get_online_mems(); + mutex_lock(&state_mutex); + + if (enabled == lru_gen_enabled()) + goto unlock; + + if (enabled) + static_branch_enable_cpuslocked(&lru_gen_caps[LRU_GEN_CORE]); + else + static_branch_disable_cpuslocked(&lru_gen_caps[LRU_GEN_CORE]); + + memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, NULL, NULL); + do { + int nid; + + for_each_node(nid) { + struct lruvec *lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid); + + if (!lruvec) + continue; + + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!seq_is_valid(lruvec)); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!state_is_valid(lruvec)); + + lruvec->lrugen.enabled = enabled; + + while (!(enabled ? fill_evictable(lruvec) : drain_evictable(lruvec))) { + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + cond_resched(); + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + } + + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + } + + cond_resched(); + } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL))); +unlock: + mutex_unlock(&state_mutex); + put_online_mems(); + cpus_read_unlock(); + cgroup_unlock(); +} + +/****************************************************************************** + * sysfs interface + ******************************************************************************/ + +static ssize_t show_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf) +{ + unsigned int caps = 0; + + if (get_cap(LRU_GEN_CORE)) + caps |= BIT(LRU_GEN_CORE); + + if (arch_has_hw_pte_young() && get_cap(LRU_GEN_MM_WALK)) + caps |= BIT(LRU_GEN_MM_WALK); + + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG) && get_cap(LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG)) + caps |= BIT(LRU_GEN_NONLEAF_YOUNG); + + return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "0x%04x\n", caps); +} + +static ssize_t store_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, + const char *buf, size_t len) +{ + int i; + unsigned int caps; + + if (tolower(*buf) == 'n') + caps = 0; + else if (tolower(*buf) == 'y') + caps = -1; + else if (kstrtouint(buf, 0, &caps)) + return -EINVAL; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_LRU_GEN_CAPS; i++) { + bool enabled = caps & BIT(i); + + if (i == LRU_GEN_CORE) + lru_gen_change_state(enabled); + else if (enabled) + static_branch_enable(&lru_gen_caps[i]); + else + static_branch_disable(&lru_gen_caps[i]); + } + + return len; +} + +static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_enabled_attr = __ATTR( + enabled, 0644, show_enabled, store_enabled +); + +static struct attribute *lru_gen_attrs[] = { + &lru_gen_enabled_attr.attr, + NULL +}; + +static struct attribute_group lru_gen_attr_group = { + .name = "lru_gen", + .attrs = lru_gen_attrs, +}; + /****************************************************************************** * initialization ******************************************************************************/ @@ -5060,6 +5277,7 @@ void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec) struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; lrugen->max_seq = MIN_NR_GENS + 1; + lrugen->enabled = lru_gen_enabled(); for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); @@ -5099,6 +5317,9 @@ static int __init init_lru_gen(void) BUILD_BUG_ON(MIN_NR_GENS + 1 >= MAX_NR_GENS); BUILD_BUG_ON(BIT(LRU_GEN_WIDTH) <= MAX_NR_GENS); + if (sysfs_create_group(mm_kobj, &lru_gen_attr_group)) + pr_err("lru_gen: failed to create sysfs group\n"); + return 0; }; late_initcall(init_lru_gen); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:30 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943198 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B77A7C00140 for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:29 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:30 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-12-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 11/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: thrashing prevention From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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bh=ZVZnfUOowkkoPsI8h5bMF1in9hHbeOK510g3NynOpVI=; b=6XL6k2ZZagYaRfGSAACyb5Kw8wjXEFmG2QsUTfiildQKuAkZMCz3a4DBT+YvhwghQ355Lm AFrWJxAV+SND3Ak72KkqhAp6T1VRDFDLyVwvBJnP+zlkFqgOwxQYZ1h9shxwmvkLkkN1Iv YMjqw6Cc8MZmRNdQaozI49g6vwep5Bc= X-Rspamd-Server: rspam02 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 547BE1001AA Authentication-Results: imf14.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b="G+7/wtwF"; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com; spf=pass (imf14.hostedemail.com: domain of 3VfL5YgYKCEA0w1jcqiqqing.eqonkpwz-oomxcem.qti@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.128.202 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3VfL5YgYKCEA0w1jcqiqqing.eqonkpwz-oomxcem.qti@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com X-Stat-Signature: xmf6wrndrgy6s4ztm5shyh5pd1htfj6b X-Rspam-User: X-HE-Tag: 1660547670-570953 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: Add /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/min_ttl_ms for thrashing prevention, as requested by many desktop users [1]. When set to value N, it prevents the working set of N milliseconds from getting evicted. The OOM killer is triggered if this working set cannot be kept in memory. Based on the average human detectable lag (~100ms), N=1000 usually eliminates intolerable lags due to thrashing. Larger values like N=3000 make lags less noticeable at the risk of premature OOM kills. Compared with the size-based approach [2], this time-based approach has the following advantages: 1. It is easier to configure because it is agnostic to applications and memory sizes. 2. It is more reliable because it is directly wired to the OOM killer. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/Ydza%2FzXKY9ATRoh6@google.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20101028191523.GA14972@google.com/ Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- include/linux/mmzone.h | 2 ++ mm/vmscan.c | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 2 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 7f8c529b46ad..2558b57a05bc 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -422,6 +422,8 @@ struct lru_gen_struct { unsigned long max_seq; /* the eviction increments the oldest generation numbers */ unsigned long min_seq[ANON_AND_FILE]; + /* the birth time of each generation in jiffies */ + unsigned long timestamps[MAX_NR_GENS]; /* the multi-gen LRU lists, lazily sorted on eviction */ struct list_head lists[MAX_NR_GENS][ANON_AND_FILE][MAX_NR_ZONES]; /* the multi-gen LRU sizes, eventually consistent */ diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index 5502c553e32e..08727f3b7171 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -4298,6 +4298,7 @@ static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) reset_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, false); + WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->timestamps[next], jiffies); /* make sure preceding modifications appear */ smp_store_release(&lrugen->max_seq, lrugen->max_seq + 1); @@ -4424,7 +4425,7 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_evictable(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_s return total; } -static void age_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) +static bool age_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, unsigned long min_ttl) { bool need_aging; unsigned long nr_to_scan; @@ -4438,21 +4439,40 @@ static void age_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc) mem_cgroup_calculate_protection(NULL, memcg); if (mem_cgroup_below_min(memcg)) - return; + return false; nr_to_scan = get_nr_evictable(lruvec, max_seq, min_seq, swappiness, &need_aging); if (!nr_to_scan) - return; + return false; nr_to_scan >>= mem_cgroup_online(memcg) ? sc->priority : 0; + if (min_ttl) { + int gen = lru_gen_from_seq(min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE]); + unsigned long birth = READ_ONCE(lruvec->lrugen.timestamps[gen]); + + if (time_is_after_jiffies(birth + min_ttl)) + return false; + + /* the size is likely too small to be helpful */ + if (!nr_to_scan && sc->priority != DEF_PRIORITY) + return false; + } + if (nr_to_scan && need_aging) try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, swappiness); + + return true; } +/* to protect the working set of the last N jiffies */ +static unsigned long lru_gen_min_ttl __read_mostly; + static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) { struct mem_cgroup *memcg; + bool success = false; + unsigned long min_ttl = READ_ONCE(lru_gen_min_ttl); VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!current_is_kswapd()); @@ -4478,12 +4498,32 @@ static void lru_gen_age_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) do { struct lruvec *lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(memcg, pgdat); - age_lruvec(lruvec, sc); + if (age_lruvec(lruvec, sc, min_ttl)) + success = true; cond_resched(); } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL))); clear_mm_walk(); + + /* check the order to exclude compaction-induced reclaim */ + if (success || !min_ttl || sc->order) + return; + + /* + * The main goal is to OOM kill if every generation from all memcgs is + * younger than min_ttl. However, another possibility is all memcgs are + * either below min or empty. + */ + if (mutex_trylock(&oom_lock)) { + struct oom_control oc = { + .gfp_mask = sc->gfp_mask, + }; + + out_of_memory(&oc); + + mutex_unlock(&oom_lock); + } } /* @@ -5210,6 +5250,28 @@ static void lru_gen_change_state(bool enabled) * sysfs interface ******************************************************************************/ +static ssize_t show_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf) +{ + return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", jiffies_to_msecs(READ_ONCE(lru_gen_min_ttl))); +} + +static ssize_t store_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, + const char *buf, size_t len) +{ + unsigned int msecs; + + if (kstrtouint(buf, 0, &msecs)) + return -EINVAL; + + WRITE_ONCE(lru_gen_min_ttl, msecs_to_jiffies(msecs)); + + return len; +} + +static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_min_ttl_attr = __ATTR( + min_ttl_ms, 0644, show_min_ttl, store_min_ttl +); + static ssize_t show_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf) { unsigned int caps = 0; @@ -5258,6 +5320,7 @@ static struct kobj_attribute lru_gen_enabled_attr = __ATTR( ); static struct attribute *lru_gen_attrs[] = { + &lru_gen_min_ttl_attr.attr, &lru_gen_enabled_attr.attr, NULL }; @@ -5273,12 +5336,16 @@ static struct attribute_group lru_gen_attr_group = { void lru_gen_init_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec) { + int i; int gen, type, zone; struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; lrugen->max_seq = MIN_NR_GENS + 1; lrugen->enabled = lru_gen_enabled(); + for (i = 0; i <= MIN_NR_GENS + 1; i++) + lrugen->timestamps[i] = jiffies; + for_each_gen_type_zone(gen, type, zone) INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lrugen->lists[gen][type][zone]); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:31 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943199 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9026AC25B0D for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:31 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:31 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-13-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 12/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: debugfs interface From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Qi Zheng , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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These techniques are commonly used to optimize job scheduling (bin packing) in data centers [1][2]. Compared with the page table-based approach and the PFN-based approach, this lruvec-based approach has the following advantages: 1. It offers better choices because it is aware of memcgs, NUMA nodes, shared mappings and unmapped page cache. 2. It is more scalable because it is O(nr_hot_pages), whereas the PFN-based approach is O(nr_total_pages). Add /sys/kernel/debug/lru_gen_full for debugging. [1] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3297858.3304053 [2] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3503222.3507731 Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Reviewed-by: Qi Zheng Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain --- include/linux/nodemask.h | 1 + mm/vmscan.c | 411 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 402 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/nodemask.h b/include/linux/nodemask.h index 4b71a96190a8..3a0eec9f2faa 100644 --- a/include/linux/nodemask.h +++ b/include/linux/nodemask.h @@ -493,6 +493,7 @@ static inline int num_node_state(enum node_states state) #define first_online_node 0 #define first_memory_node 0 #define next_online_node(nid) (MAX_NUMNODES) +#define next_memory_node(nid) (MAX_NUMNODES) #define nr_node_ids 1U #define nr_online_nodes 1U diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index 08727f3b7171..509989fb39ef 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include @@ -4202,12 +4203,40 @@ static void clear_mm_walk(void) kfree(walk); } -static void inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type) +static bool inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, int type, bool can_swap) { + int zone; + int remaining = MAX_LRU_BATCH; struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + int new_gen, old_gen = lru_gen_from_seq(lrugen->min_seq[type]); + if (type == LRU_GEN_ANON && !can_swap) + goto done; + + /* prevent cold/hot inversion if force_scan is true */ + for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) { + struct list_head *head = &lrugen->lists[old_gen][type][zone]; + + while (!list_empty(head)) { + struct folio *folio = lru_to_folio(head); + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio), folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_is_file_lru(folio) != type, folio); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_zonenum(folio) != zone, folio); + + new_gen = folio_inc_gen(lruvec, folio, false); + list_move_tail(&folio->lru, &lrugen->lists[new_gen][type][zone]); + + if (!--remaining) + return false; + } + } +done: reset_ctrl_pos(lruvec, type, true); WRITE_ONCE(lrugen->min_seq[type], lrugen->min_seq[type] + 1); + + return true; } static bool try_to_inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) @@ -4253,7 +4282,7 @@ static bool try_to_inc_min_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) return success; } -static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) +static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap, bool force_scan) { int prev, next; int type, zone; @@ -4267,9 +4296,13 @@ static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) if (get_nr_gens(lruvec, type) != MAX_NR_GENS) continue; - VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(type == LRU_GEN_FILE || can_swap); + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!force_scan && (type == LRU_GEN_FILE || can_swap)); - inc_min_seq(lruvec, type); + while (!inc_min_seq(lruvec, type, can_swap)) { + spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + cond_resched(); + spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock); + } } /* @@ -4306,7 +4339,7 @@ static void inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool can_swap) } static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, - struct scan_control *sc, bool can_swap) + struct scan_control *sc, bool can_swap, bool force_scan) { bool success; struct lru_gen_mm_walk *walk; @@ -4327,7 +4360,7 @@ static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, * handful of PTEs. Spreading the work out over a period of time usually * is less efficient, but it avoids bursty page faults. */ - if (!(arch_has_hw_pte_young() && get_cap(LRU_GEN_MM_WALK))) { + if (!force_scan && !(arch_has_hw_pte_young() && get_cap(LRU_GEN_MM_WALK))) { success = iterate_mm_list_nowalk(lruvec, max_seq); goto done; } @@ -4341,7 +4374,7 @@ static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, walk->lruvec = lruvec; walk->max_seq = max_seq; walk->can_swap = can_swap; - walk->force_scan = false; + walk->force_scan = force_scan; do { success = iterate_mm_list(lruvec, walk, &mm); @@ -4361,7 +4394,7 @@ static bool try_to_inc_max_seq(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long max_seq, VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(max_seq != READ_ONCE(lrugen->max_seq)); - inc_max_seq(lruvec, can_swap); + inc_max_seq(lruvec, can_swap, force_scan); /* either this sees any waiters or they will see updated max_seq */ if (wq_has_sleeper(&lruvec->mm_state.wait)) wake_up_all(&lruvec->mm_state.wait); @@ -4460,7 +4493,7 @@ static bool age_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc, unsigned } if (nr_to_scan && need_aging) - try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, swappiness); + try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, swappiness, false); return true; } @@ -5041,7 +5074,7 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_to_scan(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control * if (current_is_kswapd()) return 0; - if (try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, can_swap)) + if (try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, can_swap, false)) return nr_to_scan; done: return min_seq[!can_swap] + MIN_NR_GENS <= max_seq ? nr_to_scan : 0; @@ -5330,6 +5363,361 @@ static struct attribute_group lru_gen_attr_group = { .attrs = lru_gen_attrs, }; +/****************************************************************************** + * debugfs interface + ******************************************************************************/ + +static void *lru_gen_seq_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) +{ + struct mem_cgroup *memcg; + loff_t nr_to_skip = *pos; + + m->private = kvmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!m->private) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); + + memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, NULL, NULL); + do { + int nid; + + for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) { + if (!nr_to_skip--) + return get_lruvec(memcg, nid); + } + } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL))); + + return NULL; +} + +static void lru_gen_seq_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v) +{ + if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(v)) + mem_cgroup_iter_break(NULL, lruvec_memcg(v)); + + kvfree(m->private); + m->private = NULL; +} + +static void *lru_gen_seq_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos) +{ + int nid = lruvec_pgdat(v)->node_id; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(v); + + ++*pos; + + nid = next_memory_node(nid); + if (nid == MAX_NUMNODES) { + memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, memcg, NULL); + if (!memcg) + return NULL; + + nid = first_memory_node; + } + + return get_lruvec(memcg, nid); +} + +static void lru_gen_seq_show_full(struct seq_file *m, struct lruvec *lruvec, + unsigned long max_seq, unsigned long *min_seq, + unsigned long seq) +{ + int i; + int type, tier; + int hist = lru_hist_from_seq(seq); + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + + for (tier = 0; tier < MAX_NR_TIERS; tier++) { + seq_printf(m, " %10d", tier); + for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + const char *s = " "; + unsigned long n[3] = {}; + + if (seq == max_seq) { + s = "RT "; + n[0] = READ_ONCE(lrugen->avg_refaulted[type][tier]); + n[1] = READ_ONCE(lrugen->avg_total[type][tier]); + } else if (seq == min_seq[type] || NR_HIST_GENS > 1) { + s = "rep"; + n[0] = atomic_long_read(&lrugen->refaulted[hist][type][tier]); + n[1] = atomic_long_read(&lrugen->evicted[hist][type][tier]); + if (tier) + n[2] = READ_ONCE(lrugen->protected[hist][type][tier - 1]); + } + + for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) + seq_printf(m, " %10lu%c", n[i], s[i]); + } + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + } + + seq_puts(m, " "); + for (i = 0; i < NR_MM_STATS; i++) { + const char *s = " "; + unsigned long n = 0; + + if (seq == max_seq && NR_HIST_GENS == 1) { + s = "LOYNFA"; + n = READ_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.stats[hist][i]); + } else if (seq != max_seq && NR_HIST_GENS > 1) { + s = "loynfa"; + n = READ_ONCE(lruvec->mm_state.stats[hist][i]); + } + + seq_printf(m, " %10lu%c", n, s[i]); + } + seq_putc(m, '\n'); +} + +static int lru_gen_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) +{ + unsigned long seq; + bool full = !debugfs_real_fops(m->file)->write; + struct lruvec *lruvec = v; + struct lru_gen_struct *lrugen = &lruvec->lrugen; + int nid = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec)->node_id; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec); + DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + if (nid == first_memory_node) { + const char *path = memcg ? m->private : ""; + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + if (memcg) + cgroup_path(memcg->css.cgroup, m->private, PATH_MAX); +#endif + seq_printf(m, "memcg %5hu %s\n", mem_cgroup_id(memcg), path); + } + + seq_printf(m, " node %5d\n", nid); + + if (!full) + seq = min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON]; + else if (max_seq >= MAX_NR_GENS) + seq = max_seq - MAX_NR_GENS + 1; + else + seq = 0; + + for (; seq <= max_seq; seq++) { + int type, zone; + int gen = lru_gen_from_seq(seq); + unsigned long birth = READ_ONCE(lruvec->lrugen.timestamps[gen]); + + seq_printf(m, " %10lu %10u", seq, jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - birth)); + + for (type = 0; type < ANON_AND_FILE; type++) { + unsigned long size = 0; + char mark = full && seq < min_seq[type] ? 'x' : ' '; + + for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) + size += max(READ_ONCE(lrugen->nr_pages[gen][type][zone]), 0L); + + seq_printf(m, " %10lu%c", size, mark); + } + + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + + if (full) + lru_gen_seq_show_full(m, lruvec, max_seq, min_seq, seq); + } + + return 0; +} + +static const struct seq_operations lru_gen_seq_ops = { + .start = lru_gen_seq_start, + .stop = lru_gen_seq_stop, + .next = lru_gen_seq_next, + .show = lru_gen_seq_show, +}; + +static int run_aging(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long seq, struct scan_control *sc, + bool can_swap, bool force_scan) +{ + DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + if (seq < max_seq) + return 0; + + if (seq > max_seq) + return -EINVAL; + + if (!force_scan && min_seq[!can_swap] + MAX_NR_GENS - 1 <= max_seq) + return -ERANGE; + + try_to_inc_max_seq(lruvec, max_seq, sc, can_swap, force_scan); + + return 0; +} + +static int run_eviction(struct lruvec *lruvec, unsigned long seq, struct scan_control *sc, + int swappiness, unsigned long nr_to_reclaim) +{ + DEFINE_MAX_SEQ(lruvec); + + if (seq + MIN_NR_GENS > max_seq) + return -EINVAL; + + sc->nr_reclaimed = 0; + + while (!signal_pending(current)) { + DEFINE_MIN_SEQ(lruvec); + + if (seq < min_seq[!swappiness]) + return 0; + + if (sc->nr_reclaimed >= nr_to_reclaim) + return 0; + + if (!evict_folios(lruvec, sc, swappiness, NULL)) + return 0; + + cond_resched(); + } + + return -EINTR; +} + +static int run_cmd(char cmd, int memcg_id, int nid, unsigned long seq, + struct scan_control *sc, int swappiness, unsigned long opt) +{ + struct lruvec *lruvec; + int err = -EINVAL; + struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL; + + if (nid < 0 || nid >= MAX_NUMNODES || !node_state(nid, N_MEMORY)) + return -EINVAL; + + if (!mem_cgroup_disabled()) { + rcu_read_lock(); + memcg = mem_cgroup_from_id(memcg_id); +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG + if (memcg && !css_tryget(&memcg->css)) + memcg = NULL; +#endif + rcu_read_unlock(); + + if (!memcg) + return -EINVAL; + } + + if (memcg_id != mem_cgroup_id(memcg)) + goto done; + + lruvec = get_lruvec(memcg, nid); + + if (swappiness < 0) + swappiness = get_swappiness(lruvec, sc); + else if (swappiness > 200) + goto done; + + switch (cmd) { + case '+': + err = run_aging(lruvec, seq, sc, swappiness, opt); + break; + case '-': + err = run_eviction(lruvec, seq, sc, swappiness, opt); + break; + } +done: + mem_cgroup_put(memcg); + + return err; +} + +static ssize_t lru_gen_seq_write(struct file *file, const char __user *src, + size_t len, loff_t *pos) +{ + void *buf; + char *cur, *next; + unsigned int flags; + struct blk_plug plug; + int err = -EINVAL; + struct scan_control sc = { + .may_writepage = true, + .may_unmap = true, + .may_swap = true, + .reclaim_idx = MAX_NR_ZONES - 1, + .gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL, + }; + + buf = kvmalloc(len + 1, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!buf) + return -ENOMEM; + + if (copy_from_user(buf, src, len)) { + kvfree(buf); + return -EFAULT; + } + + set_task_reclaim_state(current, &sc.reclaim_state); + flags = memalloc_noreclaim_save(); + blk_start_plug(&plug); + if (!set_mm_walk(NULL)) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto done; + } + + next = buf; + next[len] = '\0'; + + while ((cur = strsep(&next, ",;\n"))) { + int n; + int end; + char cmd; + unsigned int memcg_id; + unsigned int nid; + unsigned long seq; + unsigned int swappiness = -1; + unsigned long opt = -1; + + cur = skip_spaces(cur); + if (!*cur) + continue; + + n = sscanf(cur, "%c %u %u %lu %n %u %n %lu %n", &cmd, &memcg_id, &nid, + &seq, &end, &swappiness, &end, &opt, &end); + if (n < 4 || cur[end]) { + err = -EINVAL; + break; + } + + err = run_cmd(cmd, memcg_id, nid, seq, &sc, swappiness, opt); + if (err) + break; + } +done: + clear_mm_walk(); + blk_finish_plug(&plug); + memalloc_noreclaim_restore(flags); + set_task_reclaim_state(current, NULL); + + kvfree(buf); + + return err ? : len; +} + +static int lru_gen_seq_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) +{ + return seq_open(file, &lru_gen_seq_ops); +} + +static const struct file_operations lru_gen_rw_fops = { + .open = lru_gen_seq_open, + .read = seq_read, + .write = lru_gen_seq_write, + .llseek = seq_lseek, + .release = seq_release, +}; + +static const struct file_operations lru_gen_ro_fops = { + .open = lru_gen_seq_open, + .read = seq_read, + .llseek = seq_lseek, + .release = seq_release, +}; + /****************************************************************************** * initialization ******************************************************************************/ @@ -5387,6 +5775,9 @@ static int __init init_lru_gen(void) if (sysfs_create_group(mm_kobj, &lru_gen_attr_group)) pr_err("lru_gen: failed to create sysfs group\n"); + debugfs_create_file("lru_gen", 0644, NULL, NULL, &lru_gen_rw_fops); + debugfs_create_file("lru_gen_full", 0444, NULL, NULL, &lru_gen_ro_fops); + return 0; }; late_initcall(init_lru_gen); From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:32 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943200 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86096C00140 for ; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:32 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:32 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-14-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 13/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: admin guide From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Seal: i=1; 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bh=ifOfojcufHPggK6PzW/ZmDk8V3gX0fRZ648oAiWvUiA=; b=TaPLyfEu/1gr0NpZQJGcapsbQI0uDWZp8WYIDb1wV0QWpgSeYRvyEo7rLegUosWxIoq1Zd Gw9YmQRXnN3r9VWp7s+kSOIxh3/1ZTcUIzjbrRMEFDLmIC0F1aMny0EdHK+E4X+46uDNPd b8s75B/bEk0qdyOdJJLUCLyU7sN+gdc= X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4A16C201AF Authentication-Results: imf31.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=google.com header.s=20210112 header.b=c59OaabI; spf=pass (imf31.hostedemail.com: domain of 3WPL5YgYKCEM3z4mftlttlqj.htrqnsz2-rrp0fhp.twl@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com designates 209.85.128.201 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=3WPL5YgYKCEM3z4mftlttlqj.htrqnsz2-rrp0fhp.twl@flex--yuzhao.bounces.google.com; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=google.com X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Server: rspam12 X-Stat-Signature: zs8udrhsk8h74xwg9hgc4wzm1zwyq8dc X-HE-Tag: 1660547673-114455 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: Add an admin guide. Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain Reviewed-by: Bagas Sanjaya Acked-by: Mike Rapoport --- Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst | 156 ++++++++++++++++++ mm/Kconfig | 3 +- mm/vmscan.c | 4 + 4 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst index 1bd11118dfb1..d1064e0ba34a 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ the Linux memory management. idle_page_tracking ksm memory-hotplug + multigen_lru nommu-mmap numa_memory_policy numaperf diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6355f2b5019d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============= +Multi-Gen LRU +============= +The multi-gen LRU is an alternative LRU implementation that optimizes +page reclaim and improves performance under memory pressure. Page +reclaim decides the kernel's caching policy and ability to overcommit +memory. It directly impacts the kswapd CPU usage and RAM efficiency. + +Quick start +=========== +Build the kernel with the following configurations. + +* ``CONFIG_LRU_GEN=y`` +* ``CONFIG_LRU_GEN_ENABLED=y`` + +All set! + +Runtime options +=============== +``/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/`` contains stable ABIs described in the +following subsections. + +Kill switch +----------- +``enabled`` accepts different values to enable or disable the +following components. Its default value depends on +``CONFIG_LRU_GEN_ENABLED``. All the components should be enabled +unless some of them have unforeseen side effects. Writing to +``enabled`` has no effect when a component is not supported by the +hardware, and valid values will be accepted even when the main switch +is off. + +====== =============================================================== +Values Components +====== =============================================================== +0x0001 The main switch for the multi-gen LRU. +0x0002 Clearing the accessed bit in leaf page table entries in large + batches, when MMU sets it (e.g., on x86). This behavior can + theoretically worsen lock contention (mmap_lock). If it is + disabled, the multi-gen LRU will suffer a minor performance + degradation for workloads that contiguously map hot pages, + whose accessed bits can be otherwise cleared by fewer larger + batches. +0x0004 Clearing the accessed bit in non-leaf page table entries as + well, when MMU sets it (e.g., on x86). This behavior was not + verified on x86 varieties other than Intel and AMD. If it is + disabled, the multi-gen LRU will suffer a negligible + performance degradation. +[yYnN] Apply to all the components above. +====== =============================================================== + +E.g., +:: + + echo y >/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled + cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled + 0x0007 + echo 5 >/sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled + cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled + 0x0005 + +Thrashing prevention +-------------------- +Personal computers are more sensitive to thrashing because it can +cause janks (lags when rendering UI) and negatively impact user +experience. The multi-gen LRU offers thrashing prevention to the +majority of laptop and desktop users who do not have ``oomd``. + +Users can write ``N`` to ``min_ttl_ms`` to prevent the working set of +``N`` milliseconds from getting evicted. The OOM killer is triggered +if this working set cannot be kept in memory. In other words, this +option works as an adjustable pressure relief valve, and when open, it +terminates applications that are hopefully not being used. + +Based on the average human detectable lag (~100ms), ``N=1000`` usually +eliminates intolerable janks due to thrashing. Larger values like +``N=3000`` make janks less noticeable at the risk of premature OOM +kills. + +The default value ``0`` means disabled. + +Experimental features +===================== +``/sys/kernel/debug/lru_gen`` accepts commands described in the +following subsections. Multiple command lines are supported, so does +concatenation with delimiters ``,`` and ``;``. + +``/sys/kernel/debug/lru_gen_full`` provides additional stats for +debugging. ``CONFIG_LRU_GEN_STATS=y`` keeps historical stats from +evicted generations in this file. + +Working set estimation +---------------------- +Working set estimation measures how much memory an application needs +in a given time interval, and it is usually done with little impact on +the performance of the application. E.g., data centers want to +optimize job scheduling (bin packing) to improve memory utilizations. +When a new job comes in, the job scheduler needs to find out whether +each server it manages can allocate a certain amount of memory for +this new job before it can pick a candidate. To do so, the job +scheduler needs to estimate the working sets of the existing jobs. + +When it is read, ``lru_gen`` returns a histogram of numbers of pages +accessed over different time intervals for each memcg and node. +``MAX_NR_GENS`` decides the number of bins for each histogram. The +histograms are noncumulative. +:: + + memcg memcg_id memcg_path + node node_id + min_gen_nr age_in_ms nr_anon_pages nr_file_pages + ... + max_gen_nr age_in_ms nr_anon_pages nr_file_pages + +Each bin contains an estimated number of pages that have been accessed +within ``age_in_ms``. E.g., ``min_gen_nr`` contains the coldest pages +and ``max_gen_nr`` contains the hottest pages, since ``age_in_ms`` of +the former is the largest and that of the latter is the smallest. + +Users can write ``+ memcg_id node_id max_gen_nr +[can_swap [force_scan]]`` to ``lru_gen`` to create a new generation +``max_gen_nr+1``. ``can_swap`` defaults to the swap setting and, if it +is set to ``1``, it forces the scan of anon pages when swap is off, +and vice versa. ``force_scan`` defaults to ``1`` and, if it is set to +``0``, it employs heuristics to reduce the overhead, which is likely +to reduce the coverage as well. + +A typical use case is that a job scheduler writes to ``lru_gen`` at a +certain time interval to create new generations, and it ranks the +servers it manages based on the sizes of their cold pages defined by +this time interval. + +Proactive reclaim +----------------- +Proactive reclaim induces page reclaim when there is no memory +pressure. It usually targets cold pages only. E.g., when a new job +comes in, the job scheduler wants to proactively reclaim cold pages on +the server it selected to improve the chance of successfully landing +this new job. + +Users can write ``- memcg_id node_id min_gen_nr [swappiness +[nr_to_reclaim]]`` to ``lru_gen`` to evict generations less than or +equal to ``min_gen_nr``. Note that ``min_gen_nr`` should be less than +``max_gen_nr-1`` as ``max_gen_nr`` and ``max_gen_nr-1`` are not fully +aged and therefore cannot be evicted. ``swappiness`` overrides the +default value in ``/proc/sys/vm/swappiness``. ``nr_to_reclaim`` limits +the number of pages to evict. + +A typical use case is that a job scheduler writes to ``lru_gen`` +before it tries to land a new job on a server. If it fails to +materialize enough cold pages because of the overestimation, it +retries on the next server according to the ranking result obtained +from the working set estimation step. This less forceful approach +limits the impacts on the existing jobs. diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig index 6c86849c4db9..96cd3ae25c6f 100644 --- a/mm/Kconfig +++ b/mm/Kconfig @@ -1131,7 +1131,8 @@ config LRU_GEN # make sure folio->flags has enough spare bits depends on 64BIT || !SPARSEMEM || SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP help - A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. + A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. See + Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details. config LRU_GEN_ENABLED bool "Enable by default" diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index 509989fb39ef..f693720047db 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -5288,6 +5288,7 @@ static ssize_t show_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, c return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", jiffies_to_msecs(READ_ONCE(lru_gen_min_ttl))); } +/* see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details */ static ssize_t store_min_ttl(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len) { @@ -5321,6 +5322,7 @@ static ssize_t show_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, c return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "0x%04x\n", caps); } +/* see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details */ static ssize_t store_enabled(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len) { @@ -5468,6 +5470,7 @@ static void lru_gen_seq_show_full(struct seq_file *m, struct lruvec *lruvec, seq_putc(m, '\n'); } +/* see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details */ static int lru_gen_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) { unsigned long seq; @@ -5626,6 +5629,7 @@ static int run_cmd(char cmd, int memcg_id, int nid, unsigned long seq, return err; } +/* see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details */ static ssize_t lru_gen_seq_write(struct file *file, const char __user *src, size_t len, loff_t *pos) { From patchwork Mon Aug 15 07:13:33 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yu Zhao X-Patchwork-Id: 12943201 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 504D3C25B0D for ; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 07:14:41 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 90BEB6B007B; Mon, 15 Aug 2022 03:14:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 8CC096B0089; 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Mon, 15 Aug 2022 00:14:34 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 01:13:33 -0600 In-Reply-To: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> Message-Id: <20220815071332.627393-15-yuzhao@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20220815071332.627393-1-yuzhao@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog Subject: [PATCH v14 14/14] mm: multi-gen LRU: design doc From: Yu Zhao To: Andrew Morton Cc: Andi Kleen , Aneesh Kumar , Catalin Marinas , Dave Hansen , Hillf Danton , Jens Axboe , Johannes Weiner , Jonathan Corbet , Linus Torvalds , Matthew Wilcox , Mel Gorman , Michael Larabel , Michal Hocko , Mike Rapoport , Peter Zijlstra , Tejun Heo , Vlastimil Babka , Will Deacon , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, x86@kernel.org, page-reclaim@google.com, Yu Zhao , Brian Geffon , Jan Alexander Steffens , Oleksandr Natalenko , Steven Barrett , Suleiman Souhlal , Daniel Byrne , Donald Carr , " =?utf-8?q?Holger_Hoffst=C3=A4tte?= " , Konstantin Kharlamov , Shuang Zhai , Sofia Trinh , Vaibhav Jain ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao Acked-by: Brian Geffon Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko Acked-by: Steven Barrett Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal Tested-by: Daniel Byrne Tested-by: Donald Carr Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov Tested-by: Shuang Zhai Tested-by: Sofia Trinh Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain Reviewed-by: Bagas Sanjaya --- Documentation/mm/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst | 159 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 160 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst diff --git a/Documentation/mm/index.rst b/Documentation/mm/index.rst index 575ccd40e30c..4aa12b8be278 100644 --- a/Documentation/mm/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/mm/index.rst @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ above structured documentation, or deleted if it has served its purpose. ksm memory-model mmu_notifier + multigen_lru numa overcommit-accounting page_migration diff --git a/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst b/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d7062c6a8946 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/mm/multigen_lru.rst @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============= +Multi-Gen LRU +============= +The multi-gen LRU is an alternative LRU implementation that optimizes +page reclaim and improves performance under memory pressure. Page +reclaim decides the kernel's caching policy and ability to overcommit +memory. It directly impacts the kswapd CPU usage and RAM efficiency. + +Design overview +=============== +Objectives +---------- +The design objectives are: + +* Good representation of access recency +* Try to profit from spatial locality +* Fast paths to make obvious choices +* Simple self-correcting heuristics + +The representation of access recency is at the core of all LRU +implementations. In the multi-gen LRU, each generation represents a +group of pages with similar access recency. Generations establish a +(time-based) common frame of reference and therefore help make better +choices, e.g., between different memcgs on a computer or different +computers in a data center (for job scheduling). + +Exploiting spatial locality improves efficiency when gathering the +accessed bit. A rmap walk targets a single page and does not try to +profit from discovering a young PTE. A page table walk can sweep all +the young PTEs in an address space, but the address space can be too +sparse to make a profit. The key is to optimize both methods and use +them in combination. + +Fast paths reduce code complexity and runtime overhead. Unmapped pages +do not require TLB flushes; clean pages do not require writeback. +These facts are only helpful when other conditions, e.g., access +recency, are similar. With generations as a common frame of reference, +additional factors stand out. But obvious choices might not be good +choices; thus self-correction is necessary. + +The benefits of simple self-correcting heuristics are self-evident. +Again, with generations as a common frame of reference, this becomes +attainable. Specifically, pages in the same generation can be +categorized based on additional factors, and a feedback loop can +statistically compare the refault percentages across those categories +and infer which of them are better choices. + +Assumptions +----------- +The protection of hot pages and the selection of cold pages are based +on page access channels and patterns. There are two access channels: + +* Accesses through page tables +* Accesses through file descriptors + +The protection of the former channel is by design stronger because: + +1. The uncertainty in determining the access patterns of the former + channel is higher due to the approximation of the accessed bit. +2. The cost of evicting the former channel is higher due to the TLB + flushes required and the likelihood of encountering the dirty bit. +3. The penalty of underprotecting the former channel is higher because + applications usually do not prepare themselves for major page + faults like they do for blocked I/O. E.g., GUI applications + commonly use dedicated I/O threads to avoid blocking rendering + threads. + +There are also two access patterns: + +* Accesses exhibiting temporal locality +* Accesses not exhibiting temporal locality + +For the reasons listed above, the former channel is assumed to follow +the former pattern unless ``VM_SEQ_READ`` or ``VM_RAND_READ`` is +present, and the latter channel is assumed to follow the latter +pattern unless outlying refaults have been observed. + +Workflow overview +================= +Evictable pages are divided into multiple generations for each +``lruvec``. The youngest generation number is stored in +``lrugen->max_seq`` for both anon and file types as they are aged on +an equal footing. The oldest generation numbers are stored in +``lrugen->min_seq[]`` separately for anon and file types as clean file +pages can be evicted regardless of swap constraints. These three +variables are monotonically increasing. + +Generation numbers are truncated into ``order_base_2(MAX_NR_GENS+1)`` +bits in order to fit into the gen counter in ``folio->flags``. Each +truncated generation number is an index to ``lrugen->lists[]``. The +sliding window technique is used to track at least ``MIN_NR_GENS`` and +at most ``MAX_NR_GENS`` generations. The gen counter stores a value +within ``[1, MAX_NR_GENS]`` while a page is on one of +``lrugen->lists[]``; otherwise it stores zero. + +Each generation is divided into multiple tiers. A page accessed ``N`` +times through file descriptors is in tier ``order_base_2(N)``. Unlike +generations, tiers do not have dedicated ``lrugen->lists[]``. In +contrast to moving across generations, which requires the LRU lock, +moving across tiers only involves atomic operations on +``folio->flags`` and therefore has a negligible cost. A feedback loop +modeled after the PID controller monitors refaults over all the tiers +from anon and file types and decides which tiers from which types to +evict or protect. + +There are two conceptually independent procedures: the aging and the +eviction. They form a closed-loop system, i.e., the page reclaim. + +Aging +----- +The aging produces young generations. Given an ``lruvec``, it +increments ``max_seq`` when ``max_seq-min_seq+1`` approaches +``MIN_NR_GENS``. The aging promotes hot pages to the youngest +generation when it finds them accessed through page tables; the +demotion of cold pages happens consequently when it increments +``max_seq``. The aging uses page table walks and rmap walks to find +young PTEs. For the former, it iterates ``lruvec_memcg()->mm_list`` +and calls ``walk_page_range()`` with each ``mm_struct`` on this list +to scan PTEs, and after each iteration, it increments ``max_seq``. For +the latter, when the eviction walks the rmap and finds a young PTE, +the aging scans the adjacent PTEs. For both, on finding a young PTE, +the aging clears the accessed bit and updates the gen counter of the +page mapped by this PTE to ``(max_seq%MAX_NR_GENS)+1``. + +Eviction +-------- +The eviction consumes old generations. Given an ``lruvec``, it +increments ``min_seq`` when ``lrugen->lists[]`` indexed by +``min_seq%MAX_NR_GENS`` becomes empty. To select a type and a tier to +evict from, it first compares ``min_seq[]`` to select the older type. +If both types are equally old, it selects the one whose first tier has +a lower refault percentage. The first tier contains single-use +unmapped clean pages, which are the best bet. The eviction sorts a +page according to its gen counter if the aging has found this page +accessed through page tables and updated its gen counter. It also +moves a page to the next generation, i.e., ``min_seq+1``, if this page +was accessed multiple times through file descriptors and the feedback +loop has detected outlying refaults from the tier this page is in. To +this end, the feedback loop uses the first tier as the baseline, for +the reason stated earlier. + +Summary +------- +The multi-gen LRU can be disassembled into the following parts: + +* Generations +* Rmap walks +* Page table walks +* Bloom filters +* PID controller + +The aging and the eviction form a producer-consumer model; +specifically, the latter drives the former by the sliding window over +generations. Within the aging, rmap walks drive page table walks by +inserting hot densely populated page tables to the Bloom filters. +Within the eviction, the PID controller uses refaults as the feedback +to select types to evict and tiers to protect.