From patchwork Wed Dec 20 17:06:02 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Andrei Matei X-Patchwork-Id: 13500389 X-Patchwork-Delegate: bpf@iogearbox.net Received: from mail-qk1-f173.google.com (mail-qk1-f173.google.com [209.85.222.173]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C713C405ED for ; Wed, 20 Dec 2023 17:06:50 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=gmail.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=gmail.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=gmail.com header.i=@gmail.com header.b="IvGFgH2G" Received: by mail-qk1-f173.google.com with SMTP id af79cd13be357-78114b51f76so41570785a.2 for ; Wed, 20 Dec 2023 09:06:50 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20230601; t=1703092009; x=1703696809; darn=vger.kernel.org; h=content-transfer-encoding:mime-version:references:in-reply-to :message-id:date:subject:cc:to:from:from:to:cc:subject:date :message-id:reply-to; bh=iOoUsjzX70+3vPJ3JndqsPgXXotGGggoTzLxvnVOKT0=; b=IvGFgH2GzzUl765TMUrshZIDx5qQDAope/Fsbw5fNcb6QU3LU5MIw9nLqCEKE7Y2cv ilazY6N9poocp/oipOZbXZgybOj6zQYSoEx2F9JrH5CF+DCsUB0dQ+Gz5eVHaUv6UiYR 2aQijPaz2F/onl8v0c6mFKEgoTEK37oH1u5vfjzuLbNZ2Td13xJ6MwZCynoenIMrJVgc PMFj4blAsQg9dnQMHE65ULhqRxxr6r2g64Ntj4hKCdaU8Jp5cnYTpx5BZQLl3DFA26pD bkzZaxHnOvecHv9LNPFpkc98egSJ3WWdwZJiN4UEPqu4YPDW48OKif87DxLEzCCMnn+a Q5gg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20230601; t=1703092009; x=1703696809; h=content-transfer-encoding:mime-version:references:in-reply-to :message-id:date:subject:cc:to:from:x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc :subject:date:message-id:reply-to; bh=iOoUsjzX70+3vPJ3JndqsPgXXotGGggoTzLxvnVOKT0=; b=VHefTYJQAY9xeKdQB6QKaf91dYQWNuZAq297mc3zrZUWlFCXpnNoEIaOgHlPjGH5GN 8ga3v6S4hh2awy6KkLri/OO8RmmCM1XCWiWUwYETWqwYZytNfbMAtvUrViE9rxxjMmfy Y31x0vf755+c/1Wc6hifFiyV/Z/0D2ILKoY3/zYXAI2H28unmmDsUTLnsbrmft16Aram N1Yfd0CbHjCCwPs2TvdaIq1kbp683nrHSbaWWoQhBCCXQeqPzpXOKWZOQRLI/8cb2Qds f2YTmcPrmhYzs9nk8HVamqzmhnqGNji2Ku1F//l9qIkx5E9S4A2ygBjKNxZeJhXkhuR6 1Ydg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0Yx6ew/A6GLYT1rl+Lgy2XTjpWO+iz7Vy7IUpE/VSZBzEwxz4mpo P1710/X7i0Fj7ino5bZp+NPQyjeilVk= X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IGE47tPTVXBdmR9Fr7YqmZm8Q2HWbJ+b27Uh1Mag3+lcQY0gqe6iS9kkEJ2HowkROo53m23Ag== X-Received: by 2002:a05:6214:21e8:b0:67f:4824:72f6 with SMTP id p8-20020a05621421e800b0067f482472f6mr4387263qvj.128.1703092008681; Wed, 20 Dec 2023 09:06:48 -0800 (PST) Received: from andrei-framework.taildd130.ts.net (098-030-123-082.res.spectrum.com. [98.30.123.82]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id lg6-20020a056214548600b0067f08081c08sm37492qvb.12.2023.12.20.09.06.47 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 20 Dec 2023 09:06:48 -0800 (PST) From: Andrei Matei To: bpf@vger.kernel.org Cc: andrii.nakryiko@gmail.com, eddyz87@gmail.com, Andrei Matei Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v3 1/2] bpf: Simplify checking size of helper accesses Date: Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:06:02 -0500 Message-Id: <20231220170604.183380-2-andreimatei1@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.40.1 In-Reply-To: <20231220170604.183380-1-andreimatei1@gmail.com> References: <20231220170604.183380-1-andreimatei1@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: bpf@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Patchwork-Delegate: bpf@iogearbox.net This patch simplifies the verification of size arguments associated to pointer arguments to helpers and kfuncs. Many helpers take a pointer argument followed by the size of the memory access performed to be performed through that pointer. Before this patch, the handling of the size argument in check_mem_size_reg() was confusing and wasteful: if the size register's lower bound was 0, then the verification was done twice: once considering the size of the access to be the lower-bound of the respective argument, and once considering the upper bound (even if the two are the same). The upper bound checking is a super-set of the lower-bound checking(*), except: the only point of the lower-bound check is to handle the case where zero-sized-accesses are explicitly not allowed and the lower-bound is zero. This static condition is now checked explicitly, replacing a much more complex, expensive and confusing verification call to check_helper_mem_access(). Now that check_mem_size_reg() deals directly with the zero_size_allowed checking, the single remaining call to check_helper_mem_access() can pass a static value for the zero_size_allowed arg, instead of propagating a dynamic one. I think this is an improvement, as tracking the wide propagation of zero_sized_allowed is already complicated. Error messages change in this patch. Before, messages about illegal zero-size accesses depended on the type of the pointer and on other conditions, and sometimes the message was plain wrong: in some tests that changed you'll see that the old message was something like "R1 min value is outside of the allowed memory range", where R1 is the pointer register; the error was wrongly claiming that the pointer was bad instead of the size being bad. Other times the information that the size came for a register with a possible range of values was wrong, and the error presented the size as a fixed zero. Now the errors refer to the right register. However, the old error messages did contain useful information about the pointer register which is now lost. The next patch will bring that information back. (*) Besides standing to reason that the checks for a bigger size access are a super-set of the checks for a smaller size access, I have also mechanically verified this by reading the code for all types of pointers. I could convince myself that it's true for all but PTR_TO_BTF_ID (check_ptr_to_btf_access). There, simply looking line-by-line does not immediately prove what we want. If anyone has any qualms, let me know. Signed-off-by: Andrei Matei Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko --- kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 28 ++++++++---- .../bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c | 45 +++++++++++++++++-- .../selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c | 2 +- 3 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c index 1863826a4ac3..4409b8f2b0f3 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c @@ -7267,6 +7267,7 @@ static int check_mem_size_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, bool zero_size_allowed, struct bpf_call_arg_meta *meta) { + const bool size_is_const = tnum_is_const(reg->var_off); int err; /* This is used to refine r0 return value bounds for helpers @@ -7282,7 +7283,7 @@ static int check_mem_size_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, /* The register is SCALAR_VALUE; the access check * happens using its boundaries. */ - if (!tnum_is_const(reg->var_off)) + if (!size_is_const) /* For unprivileged variable accesses, disable raw * mode so that the program is required to * initialize all the memory that the helper could @@ -7296,12 +7297,9 @@ static int check_mem_size_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, return -EACCES; } - if (reg->umin_value == 0) { - err = check_helper_mem_access(env, regno - 1, 0, - zero_size_allowed, - meta); - if (err) - return err; + if (reg->umin_value == 0 && !zero_size_allowed) { + verbose(env, "R%d invalid zero-sized read\n", regno); + return -EACCES; } if (reg->umax_value >= BPF_MAX_VAR_SIZ) { @@ -7309,9 +7307,21 @@ static int check_mem_size_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, regno); return -EACCES; } + /* If !zero_size_allowed, we already checked that umin_value > 0, so + * umax_value should also be > 0. + */ + if (reg->umax_value == 0 && !zero_size_allowed) { + verbose(env, "verifier bug: !zero_size_allowed should have been handled already\n"); + return -EFAULT; + } err = check_helper_mem_access(env, regno - 1, - reg->umax_value, - zero_size_allowed, meta); + reg->umax_value, + /* zero_size_allowed: we asserted above that umax_value is not + * zero if !zero_size_allowed, so we don't need any further + * checks. + */ + true, + meta); if (!err) err = mark_chain_precision(env, regno); return err; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c index 692216c0ad3d..137cce939711 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c @@ -89,9 +89,14 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ : __clobber_all); } +/* Call a function taking a pointer and a size which doesn't allow the size to + * be zero (i.e. bpf_trace_printk() declares the second argument to be + * ARG_CONST_SIZE, not ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO). We attempt to pass zero for the + * size and expect to fail. + */ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to map: empty range") -__failure __msg("invalid access to map value, value_size=48 off=0 size=0") +__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") __naked void access_to_map_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -113,6 +118,38 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ : __clobber_all); } +/* Like the test above, but this time the size register is not known to be zero; + * its lower-bound is zero though, which is still unacceptible. + */ +SEC("tracepoint") +__description("helper access to map: possibly-empty range") +__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") +__naked void access_to_map_possibly_empty_range(void) +{ + asm volatile (" \ + r2 = r10; \ + r2 += -8; \ + r1 = 0; \ + *(u64*)(r2 + 0) = r1; \ + r1 = %[map_hash_48b] ll; \ + call %[bpf_map_lookup_elem]; \ + if r0 == 0 goto l0_%=; \ + r1 = r0; \ + /* Read an unknown value */ \ + r7 = *(u64*)(r0 + 0); \ + /* Make it small and positive, to avoid other errors */ \ + r7 &= 4; \ + r2 = 0; \ + r2 += r7; \ + call %[bpf_trace_printk]; \ +l0_%=: exit; \ +" : + : __imm(bpf_map_lookup_elem), + __imm(bpf_trace_printk), + __imm_addr(map_hash_48b) + : __clobber_all); +} + SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to map: out-of-bound range") __failure __msg("invalid access to map value, value_size=48 off=0 size=56") @@ -221,7 +258,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to adjusted map (via const imm): empty range") -__failure __msg("invalid access to map value, value_size=48 off=4 size=0") +__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") __naked void via_const_imm_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -386,7 +423,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to adjusted map (via const reg): empty range") -__failure __msg("R1 min value is outside of the allowed memory range") +__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") __naked void via_const_reg_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -556,7 +593,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to adjusted map (via variable): empty range") -__failure __msg("R1 min value is outside of the allowed memory range") +__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") __naked void map_via_variable_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c index f67390224a9c..3dbda85e2997 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ __naked void load_bytes_negative_len_2(void) SEC("tc") __description("raw_stack: skb_load_bytes, zero len") -__failure __msg("invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("R4 invalid zero-sized read") __naked void skb_load_bytes_zero_len(void) { asm volatile (" \ From patchwork Wed Dec 20 17:06:03 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Andrei Matei X-Patchwork-Id: 13500390 X-Patchwork-Delegate: bpf@iogearbox.net Received: from mail-qk1-f177.google.com (mail-qk1-f177.google.com [209.85.222.177]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 138B646B99 for ; 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[98.30.123.82]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id lg6-20020a056214548600b0067f08081c08sm37492qvb.12.2023.12.20.09.06.51 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 20 Dec 2023 09:06:52 -0800 (PST) From: Andrei Matei To: bpf@vger.kernel.org Cc: andrii.nakryiko@gmail.com, eddyz87@gmail.com, Andrei Matei Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v3 2/2] bpf: improve error logging for zero-sized accesses Date: Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:06:03 -0500 Message-Id: <20231220170604.183380-3-andreimatei1@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.40.1 In-Reply-To: <20231220170604.183380-1-andreimatei1@gmail.com> References: <20231220170604.183380-1-andreimatei1@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: bpf@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Patchwork-Delegate: bpf@iogearbox.net This patch improves the verifier error messages for illegal zero-sized memory accesses. The previous patch made these messages focus on the register containing the size of the access, instead of focusing on the register containing the dereferenced pointer. This was more correct, but removed useful information about the pointer. This patch brings this information back and then some. We now have complete error messages that are also consistent across pointer types. Signed-off-by: Andrei Matei --- kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 63 ++++++++++++++++++- .../bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c | 10 +-- .../selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c | 4 +- 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c index 4409b8f2b0f3..6f333c5c47f8 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c @@ -7256,6 +7256,67 @@ static int check_helper_mem_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno, } } +/* Helper function for logging an error about an invalid attempt to perform a + * (possibly) zero-sized memory access. The pointer being dereferenced is in + * register @ptr_regno, and the size of the access is in register @size_regno. + * The size register is assumed to either be a constant zero or have a zero lower + * bound. + * + * Logs a message like: + * invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R2=0. Attempting to dereference *map_value R1: off=[0,4] value_size=48 + */ +static void log_zero_size_access_err(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, + int ptr_regno, + int size_regno) +{ + struct bpf_reg_state *ptr_reg = &cur_regs(env)[ptr_regno]; + struct bpf_reg_state *size_reg = &cur_regs(env)[size_regno]; + const bool size_is_const = tnum_is_const(size_reg->var_off); + const char *ptr_type_str = reg_type_str(env, ptr_reg->type); + /* allocate a few buffers to be used as parts of the error message */ + char size_range_buf[32] = {0}, max_size_buf[32] = {0}, off_buf[64] = {0}; + s64 min_off, max_off; + + if (!size_is_const) { + snprintf(size_range_buf, sizeof(size_range_buf), + "[0,%lld]", size_reg->umax_value); + } + + if (tnum_is_const(ptr_reg->var_off)) { + min_off = (s64)ptr_reg->var_off.value + ptr_reg->off; + snprintf(off_buf, sizeof(off_buf), "%lld", min_off); + } else { + min_off = ptr_reg->smin_value + ptr_reg->off; + max_off = ptr_reg->smax_value + ptr_reg->off; + snprintf(off_buf, sizeof(off_buf), "[%lld,%lld]", min_off, max_off); + } + + /* attempt to figure out info about the maximum offset that could be allowed */ + switch (ptr_reg->type) { + case PTR_TO_MAP_KEY: + snprintf(max_size_buf, sizeof(max_size_buf), "key_size=%d", ptr_reg->map_ptr->key_size); + break; + case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE: + snprintf(max_size_buf, sizeof(max_size_buf), "value_size=%d", ptr_reg->map_ptr->value_size); + break; + case PTR_TO_PACKET: + case PTR_TO_PACKET_META: + snprintf(max_size_buf, sizeof(max_size_buf), "packet_size=%d", ptr_reg->range); + break; + case PTR_TO_MEM: + snprintf(max_size_buf, sizeof(max_size_buf), "mem_size=%d", ptr_reg->mem_size); + default: + snprintf(max_size_buf, sizeof(max_size_buf), "max_size=N/A"); + } + + verbose(env, "invalid %szero-size read. Size comes from R%d=%s. " + "Attempting to dereference *%s R%d: off=%s %s\n", + size_is_const ? "" : "possibly ", + size_regno, size_is_const ? "0" : size_range_buf, + ptr_type_str, ptr_regno, off_buf, max_size_buf); +} + + /* verify arguments to helpers or kfuncs consisting of a pointer and an access * size. * @@ -7298,7 +7359,7 @@ static int check_mem_size_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, } if (reg->umin_value == 0 && !zero_size_allowed) { - verbose(env, "R%d invalid zero-sized read\n", regno); + log_zero_size_access_err(env, regno-1, regno); return -EACCES; } diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c index 137cce939711..9fe10f63c931 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_helper_value_access.c @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ */ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to map: empty range") -__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R2=0. Attempting to dereference *map_value R1: off=0 value_size=48") __naked void access_to_map_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ */ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to map: possibly-empty range") -__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid possibly zero-size read. Size comes from R2=[0,4]. Attempting to dereference *map_value R1: off=0 value_size=48") __naked void access_to_map_possibly_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to adjusted map (via const imm): empty range") -__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R2=0. Attempting to dereference *map_value R1: off=4 value_size=48") __naked void via_const_imm_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to adjusted map (via const reg): empty range") -__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R2=0. Attempting to dereference *map_value R1: off=0 value_size=48") __naked void via_const_reg_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ l0_%=: exit; \ SEC("tracepoint") __description("helper access to adjusted map (via variable): empty range") -__failure __msg("R2 invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R2=0. Attempting to dereference *map_value R1: off=[0,4] value_size=48") __naked void map_via_variable_empty_range(void) { asm volatile (" \ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c index 3dbda85e2997..c133d9d2c45e 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_raw_stack.c @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ __naked void load_bytes_negative_len_2(void) SEC("tc") __description("raw_stack: skb_load_bytes, zero len") -__failure __msg("R4 invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R4=0. Attempting to dereference *fp R3: off=-8 max_size=N/A") __naked void skb_load_bytes_zero_len(void) { asm volatile (" \ @@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ __naked void load_bytes_invalid_access_5(void) SEC("tc") __description("raw_stack: skb_load_bytes, invalid access 6") -__failure __msg("invalid zero-sized read") +__failure __msg("invalid zero-size read. Size comes from R4=0. Attempting to dereference *fp R3: off=-512 max_size=N/A") __naked void load_bytes_invalid_access_6(void) { asm volatile (" \