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Thu, 7 Nov 2024 07:00:30 -0500 (EST) From: kristofferhaugsbakk@fastmail.com To: git@vger.kernel.org Cc: Kristoffer Haugsbakk , avarab@gmail.com, me@ttaylorr.com, gitster@pobox.com Subject: [PATCH v3 1/4] Documentation/git-bundle.txt: mention full backup example Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2024 12:57:33 +0100 Message-ID: X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.46.1.641.g54e7913fcb6 In-Reply-To: References: Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: git@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Commit-Hash: b222c6787a79c852442969721dadc629ca84cd5b From: Kristoffer Haugsbakk Provide an example about how to make a “full backup” with caveats about what that means in this case. This is a requested use-case.[1] But the doc is a bit unassuming about it: If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`. The user cannot be expected to formulate “I want a full backup” as “I want to match `git clone --mirror`” for a bundle file or something. Let’s drop this mention of `--all` later in the doc and frontload it. † 1: E.g.: • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5578270/fully-backup-a-git-repo • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11792671/how-to-git-bundle-a-complete-repo Helped-by: Junio C Hamano Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk --- Notes (series): v3: • Elaborate on “full backups” in Examples instead • Just point to the section in the second paragraph where everything is elaborated • Incorporate some of Junio’s suggestions: • Mention what the “full backup” here does not include Link: https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqh68q1l37.fsf@gitster.g/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqzfmiza69.fsf@gitster.g/#t • Remove the final paragraph pointing to Examples now that we mention it in the second paragraph v2: • Mention as a parenthetical on an existing paragraph (don’t create a new sentence and paragraph) • Remove the “mirror” mention Link (both): https://lore.kernel.org/git/ZxbIWEGS1UB3UIg+@nand.local/ Notes (meta-trailers): Helped-by: Junio C Hamano Link: https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqzfmiza69.fsf@gitster.g/ Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 3ab42a19cae..f39cafee927 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ the "offline" transfer of Git objects without an active "server" sitting on the other side of the network connection. They can be used to create both incremental and full backups of a -repository, and to relay the state of the references in one repository -to another. +repository (see the "full backup" example in "EXAMPLES"), and to relay +the state of the references in one repository to another (see the second +example). Git commands that fetch or otherwise "read" via protocols such as `ssh://` and `https://` can also operate on bundle files. It is @@ -34,8 +35,6 @@ contained within it with linkgit:git-ls-remote[1]. There's no corresponding "write" support, i.e.a 'git push' into a bundle is not supported. -See the "EXAMPLES" section below for examples of how to use bundles. - BUNDLE FORMAT ------------- @@ -216,8 +215,27 @@ bundle. EXAMPLES -------- -Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A -to another repository R2 on machine B. +We'll discuss two cases: + +1. Taking a full backup of a repository +2. Transfer the history of a repository to another machine when the two + machines have no direct connection + +First let's consider a full backup of the repository. The following +command will take a full backup of the repository in the sense that all +refs are included in the bundle (except `refs/stash`, i.e. the stash): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create --all +---------------- + +But note again that this is only for the refs, i.e. you will only +include refs and commits reachable from those refs. You will not +include other local state, such as the contents of the index, working +tree, per-repository configuration, hooks, etc. + +For the next example, assume you want to transfer the history from a +repository R1 on machine A to another repository R2 on machine B. For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed, but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1. 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Thu, 7 Nov 2024 07:00:34 -0500 (EST) From: kristofferhaugsbakk@fastmail.com To: git@vger.kernel.org Cc: Kristoffer Haugsbakk , avarab@gmail.com, me@ttaylorr.com, gitster@pobox.com Subject: [PATCH v3 2/4] Documentation/git-bundle.txt: remove old `--all` example Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2024 12:57:34 +0100 Message-ID: X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.46.1.641.g54e7913fcb6 In-Reply-To: References: Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: git@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Commit-Hash: f0dbe356ca6de395475df348ebf81c848b3e59d5 X-Previous-Commits: e9be866f33daab2d4038f8b3f1140fe41e5f49c5 f7d9aa89c953ca7d15b5047487b4347ef62e77a9 From: Kristoffer Haugsbakk We don’t need this part now that we have a fleshed-out `--all` example. Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk --- Notes (series): v3: • Moved over from previous patch Removing this mention was first suggested in the following link. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/git/ZxbIWEGS1UB3UIg+@nand.local/ Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index f39cafee927..724534a330f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -202,8 +202,6 @@ It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination. -If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your -refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`. If you want to provide the same set of refs that a clone directly from the source repository would get, use `--branches --tags` for the ``. 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Thu, 7 Nov 2024 07:00:37 -0500 (EST) From: kristofferhaugsbakk@fastmail.com To: git@vger.kernel.org Cc: Kristoffer Haugsbakk , avarab@gmail.com, me@ttaylorr.com, gitster@pobox.com Subject: [PATCH v3 3/4] Documentation/git-bundle.txt: mention --all in spec. refs Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2024 12:57:35 +0100 Message-ID: <8336b0f451e52c38b59b5ae837c002da51a34b31.1730979849.git.code@khaugsbakk.name> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.46.1.641.g54e7913fcb6 In-Reply-To: References: Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: git@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Commit-Hash: 8336b0f451e52c38b59b5ae837c002da51a34b31 X-Previous-Commits: f18f8ca453d04a65149deb8a25f34b51158c4933 33980a47d132c9ea56238641031e72c5c7e2565a From: Kristoffer Haugsbakk Mention `--all` as an alternative in “Specifying References”. Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk --- Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 724534a330f..d95bdd0429c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ SPECIFYING REFERENCES --------------------- Revisions must be accompanied by reference names to be packaged in a -bundle. +bundle. Alternatively `--all` can be used to package all refs. More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one set of prerequisite objects can be specified. 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Thu, 7 Nov 2024 07:00:42 -0500 (EST) From: kristofferhaugsbakk@fastmail.com To: git@vger.kernel.org Cc: Kristoffer Haugsbakk , avarab@gmail.com, me@ttaylorr.com, gitster@pobox.com Subject: [PATCH v3 4/4] =?utf-8?q?Documentation/git-bundle=2Etxt=3A_discuss_?= =?utf-8?q?na=C3=AFve_backups?= Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2024 12:57:36 +0100 Message-ID: <0ab05a4cf09ba02016b4493936ad1b092b1326aa.1730979849.git.code@khaugsbakk.name> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.46.1.641.g54e7913fcb6 In-Reply-To: References: Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: git@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Commit-Hash: 0ab05a4cf09ba02016b4493936ad1b092b1326aa X-Previous-Commits: c50f9d405f9043a03cb5ca1855fbf27f9423c759 63a431537b78e2d84a172b5c837adba6184a1f1b From: Kristoffer Haugsbakk It might be naïve to think that those who need this education would end up here in the first place. But I think it’s good to mention this high-level concept here on a command which provides a backup strategy. Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk --- Notes (series): v3: • Use `cp -r` instead of `cp -a` since the former is more widely supported (even though it is just an example) • Mention what this “full backup” does not cover here as well (see first patch) v2: • Fix gitfaq(7) link Link: https://lore.kernel.org/git/ZxfhAAgNlbEq60VB@nand.local/#t v1: Correct mention of the section? All-caps seems to be the convention. Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index d95bdd0429c..ad9ab3247f5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -337,6 +337,24 @@ You can also see what references it offers: $ git ls-remote mybundle ---------------- +DISCUSSION +---------- + +A naive way to make a full backup of a repository is to use something to +the effect of `cp -r `. This is discouraged since +the repository could be written to during the copy operation. In turn +some files at `` could be corrupted. + +This is why it is recommended to use Git tooling for making repository +backups, either with this command or with e.g. linkgit:git-clone[1]. +But keep in mind that these tools will not help you backup state other +than refs and commits. In other words they will not help you backup +contents of the index, working tree, per-repository configuration, +hooks, etc. + +See also linkgit:gitfaq[7], section "TRANSFERS" for a discussion of the +problems associated with file syncing across systems. + FILE FORMAT -----------